ISO/PRF 8909-3

Equipment for harvesting -- Forage harvesters

Matériel de récolte -- Récolteuses-hacheueses-chargeuses de fourrage

Standards Content (sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8909-3
Second edition
Equipment for harvesting — Forage
harvesters —
Part 3:
Test methods
Matériel de récolte — Récolteuses-hacheueses-chargeuses de
fourrage —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
ISO 2021
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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 General requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5 Machine requirements for test .............................................................................................................................................................. 3

6 Specific performance tests ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2 Selection of crops .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

6.3 Reference machine .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

6.4 Operator competence ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.5 Preparations for performance tests ...................................................................................................................................... 5

6.6 Instrumentation and test apparatus .................................................................................................................................... 5

6.7 Test procedure ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.7.1 Output and specific energy requirement tests ....................................................................................... 5

6.7.2 Front end losses ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.7.3 Length of cut analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 7

7 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.1 Basic information .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

7.2 Additional information and observations ....................................................................................................................... 8

7.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.2.2 Basic records ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.2.3 Assessment procedure................................................................................................................................................ 8

7.2.4 Durability and reliability ........................................................................................................................................... 9

7.2.5 Effectiveness of safety provisions ..................................................................................................................... 9

Annex A (informative) Determination of geometric mean length of cut and geometric

standard deviation from results of length of cut analysis ......................................................................................10

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by ISO/Technical Committee TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture

and forestry, Subcommittee SC 7, Equipment for harvesting and conservation.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8909-3:1994), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— updates to normative references
— modification of the specifications for the test report;
— deletion of Annex A.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8909 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
Equipment for harvesting — Forage harvesters —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope

This document specifies test methods for evaluations of forage harvester function and performance,

covering forage harvesters which cut the crop directly at full width or from spaced-apart plant rows, or

which pick up pre-cut crop.

It applies to forage harvesters with driven knives for chopping and which deliver the chopped crop into

a container or a separate vehicle or trailer. The forage harvesters can be tractor-mounted, trailed or

self-propelled.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 730, Agricultural wheeled tractors — Rear-mounted three-point linkage — Categories 1N, 1, 2N, 2, 3N,

3, 4N and 4

ISO 3600, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —

Operator's manuals — Content and format

ISO 3965, Agricultural wheeled tractors — Maximum speeds — Method of determination

ISO 4254-7, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 7: Combine harvesters, forage harvesters, cotton

harvesters and sugar cane harvesters

ISO 5675, Agricultural tractors and machinery — General purpose quick-action hydraulic couplers

ISO 5715, Equipment for harvesting — Dimensional compatibility of forage harvesting machinery

ISO 6489 (all parts), Agricultural vehicles — Mechanical connections between towed and towing vehicles

ISO 8909-1, Equipment for harvesting — Forage harvesters — Part 1: Vocabulary (under revision)

ISO 8909-2:2021, Equipment for harvesting — Forage harvesters — Part 2: Specification of characteristics

and performance (under revision)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8909-1 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
3.1
test machine
machine configuration whose performance is being assessed
3.2
reference machine

machine configuration of known performance required to be used alongside the test machine (3.1)

3.3
test series

all events and data comprising several test runs in one crop and set of conditions

3.4
catch

mass of the material processed and collected from the harvester during a test run

Note 1 to entry: The catch is expressed in kilograms.
3.5
capacity

continuous output (mass) on a wet and dry basis of chopped crop from the harvester per unit of time

Note 1 to entry: The capacity is expressed in tonnes per hour.
3.6
power requirement

time-averaged total power required to operate the harvester during a test run at rated operating speed,

excluding the power for propulsion
Note 1 to entry: The power requirement is expressed in kilowatts.
3.7
no-load power requirement

time-averaged total power required to operate the harvester at the rated speed when stationary and

with the attachments to be tested engaged
Note 1 to entry: The no-load power requirement is expressed in kilowatts.
3.8
specific energy requirement
total harvester energy required per unit of crop mass on a wet and dry basis

Note 1 to entry: Specific energy requirement is expressed in kilowatt hours per tonne.

3.9
theoretical length of cut

length of cut calculated from the number of knives and the speeds and effective dimensions of all

relevant components
Note 1 to entry: The theoretical length of cut is expressed in millimetres.
3.10
length of cut analyser

apparatus for dividing a typical sample of the chopped forage harvested by the machine into particle

length groups, to enable the percentage of cumulative undersize by mass to be determined from

each group
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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
3.11
length of cut distribution graph

logarithmic normal probability graph of percent cumulative undersize mass versus mean particle

length data from the length of cut analysis for each sample
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
3.12
geometric mean length of cut

particle length calculated from the analysis data or taken from the length of cut distribution graph (3.11)

at the 50 % level of cumulative undersized mass

Note 1 to entry: It denotes the fineness of chopped crop and is the most appropriate dimension for comparison

with the theoretical length of cut.
Note 2 to entry: Geometric mean length of cut is expressed in millimetres.
3.13
geometry length of cut standard deviation

particle length taken from the length of cut distribution graph (3.11) at the 84 % level of cumulative

undersized mass divided by the mean length at the 50 % level of cumulative undersized mass

Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, it may be calculated mathematically from the analysis data.

Note 2 to entry: The geometry length of cut standard deviation is an index of the uniformity of cut.

3.14
whole-grain fraction

percentage, to the nearest 0,5, of all undamaged grains or maize (corn) kernels present in samples of

chopped forage, relative to the whole catch mass (or optionally to the calculated field grain population)

Note 1 to entry: Dye penetrants may be used to determine invisible grain surface damage.

4 General requirements

4.1 The test report (see Clause 7) shall state how the forage harvester was selected or obtained for

testing and the extent of any use prior to the test.

4.2 The forage harvester shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions given

in the operator's manual. The test report shall record, and give reasons for, any significant departures

from them.

4.3 Commercially available accessories, as necessary or desirable for the various crops in which the

forage harvester is to be used, shall be provided.

4.4 Setting and adjustments of the machine shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction

manual. Any necessary significant departures shall be reported.

4.5 A manufacturer's representative shall be invited to observe testing of the forage harvester.

5 Machine requirements for test

5.1 All significant details of the forage harvester shall be established and verified, using applicable

terminology and measuring methods as indicated.

5.2 For self-propelled machines, measure the speed of any component at "no-load", with the engine

governor control lever set to given rated engine speed. For power take-off (PTO) driven machines,

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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
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measure these speeds at the standard PTO speed (540 min or 1 000 min ). Measure forward speeds of

self-propelled forage harvesters on a hard, horizontal surface, with the governor control lever set to give

rated engine speed and the harvester mechanism engaged; report the size of tyres fitted; the inflation

pressure shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.

For machines with stepless speed change mechanisms, determine the maximum and minimum speeds

in each speed range. Otherwise, measure speeds obtained for all combinations of gears in accordance

with ISO 3965.

5.3 Assess the suitability of construction and the geometry of the forage harvester in accordance with

ISO 730, ISO 5675, ISO 5715, ISO 6489 (all parts).

5.4 Assess the comprehensiveness and clarity of instructions in the operator's manual in accordance

with ISO 3600.

5.5 Where applicable, check and report on compliance with safety and ergonomic requirements with

particular reference to ISO 4254-7.

5.6 With self-propelled forage harvesters, measure the left-hand and right-hand turning diameters

without the turning brakes engaged in accordance with ISO 8909-2:2021, 4.2.8.
6 Specific performance tests
6.1 General

These shall be carried out in crops and conditions specifically selected to determine and define by

physical measurement the principal performance aspects of the harvester. On each occasion a reference

machine of already defined performance characteristics shall be tested alongside the test machine(s) in

like manner to provide a reference for each type of performance measurement, especially with regard

to machine setting, crop condition and characteristics, and seasonal differences.

6.2 Selection of crops

6.2.1 Only crops of uniform appearance, reasonably free from disease and weeds, and of at least

average yield, shall be selected. The ground surface shall be as level and even as practicable, unless

special tests are being conducted. The crops shall in general be standing well and shall be free of surface

moisture. Any deviations from the prescribed conditions shall be recorded and stated in the test report.

6.2.2 Crops for performance tests should cover the range of greatest interest, nationally or regionally.

With multi-purpose machines, at least two types of crop of the following should be harvested:

— grass: single species or mixtures, fresh and wilted, first growth;
— legumes: single species, fresh and wilted, first or second growth;
— row crops, for example, maize (corn), sorghum or kale:
— single species
— direct cut
— forage cereals: single species or mixtures, fresh or wilted.

6.2.3 With machines specifically designed for row crops, at least two test series shall be carried out, if

possible, in dissimilar crops. The row spacing shall coincide with the recommended working widths of

the gathering units. The average dry matter content of each crop as harvested shall be determined.

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ISO 8909-3:2021(E)
6.3 Reference machine

The reference machine shall be functionally sound, and fully identified by make, model, type, year

of manufacture and other pertinent information. It shall be of similar design and capacity to the test

machine and be operated at comparable settings.
6.4 Operator competence

The operator shall be adequately experienced with the type of test machine and with the reference

machine.
6.5 Preparations for performance tests
6.5.1 At
...