Tractors for agriculture and forestry -- Roll-over protective structures on narrow tractors

Tracteurs agricoles et forestiers -- Structures de protection contre le retournement (ROPS) pour tracteurs à voie étroite

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Published
Technical Committee
Current Stage
5060 - Close of voting Proof returned by Secretariat
Completion Date
11-May-2021
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12003-1
Third edition
Tractors for agriculture and
forestry — Roll-over protective
structures on narrow tractors —
Part 1:
Front-mounted ROPS
Tracteurs agricoles et forestiers — Structures de protection contre le
retournement (ROPS) pour tracteurs à voie étroite —
Partie 1: ROPS montées à l'avant
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
ISO 2021
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Symbols .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5 Test apparatus and equipment .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

5.1 Apparatus for both dynamic and static testing ........................................................................................................... 7

5.1.1 Clearance zone framework ..................................................................................................................................... 7

5.1.2 Apparatus for crushing tests ................................................................................................................................. 7

5.1.3 Rear hard fixture test rig ........................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Apparatus for dynamic testing .................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.2.1 Device to strike a blow against the front-mounted ROPS............................................................. 8

5.2.2 Pendulum supports ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.3 Means of lashing the tractor to the ground ............................................................................................... 9

5.2.4 Wheel beam .......................................................................................................................................................................10

5.2.5 Wheel prop ........................................................................................................................................................................10

5.2.6 Props and lashings for articulated tractors ...........................................................................................12

5.2.7 Tyre pressures and deflection ...........................................................................................................................12

5.2.8 Device to measure elastic deflection ...........................................................................................................12

5.3 Apparatus for static testing .......................................................................................................................................................13

6 Preparation of tractor and ROPS for testing .........................................................................................................................14

7 ROPS deflection preliminary tests ..................................................................................................................................................15

7.1 General requirements ....................................................................................................................................................................15

7.2 Lateral stability test .........................................................................................................................................................................15

7.3 Non-continuous rolling test ......................................................................................................................................................16

7.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................16

7.3.2 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the

overturning test .............................................................................................................................................................16

7.3.3 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation ..............................17

8 ROPS deflection test procedures .......................................................................................................................................................17

8.1 General requirements ....................................................................................................................................................................17

8.2 Test methods ..........................................................................................................................................................................................17

8.3 Test sequence ........................................................................................................................................................................................17

8.4 Rear fixture test procedure .......................................................................................................................................................18

8.5 Dynamic (impact) test procedures for front-mounted ROPS ......................................................................18

8.5.1 Rear impact test procedure .................................................................................................................................18

8.5.2 Front impact test procedure ...............................................................................................................................19

8.5.3 Side impact test procedure ..................................................................................................................................20

8.5.4 Additional impact tests ...........................................................................................................................................21

8.6 Static test procedures for front-mounted ROPS ......................................................................................................21

8.6.1 Test preparation ............................................................................................................................................................21

8.6.2 General requirements for horizontal loading test procedures .............................................22

8.6.3 Rear loading ......................................................................................................................................................................22

8.6.4 Front loading ....................................................................................................................................................................22

8.6.5 Side loading .......................................................................................................................................................................22

8.7 Vertical crushing test procedure ..........................................................................................................................................23

8.8 Additional vertical crushing tests ........................................................................................................................................23

8.9 Observations during testing .....................................................................................................................................................23

8.9.1 Fractures and cracks ..................................................................................................................................................23

8.9.2 Clearance zone ................................................................................................................................................................23

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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)

8.9.3 Recording permanent deflection ....................................................................................................................23

9 Determination of seat index point (SIP), seat location and adjustment for test ............................24

10 Clearance zone .....................................................................................................................................................................................................24

10.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................24

10.2 Clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat ....................................................................................24

10.3 Clearance zone for tractors with a reversible driving position ..................................................................26

10.4 Optional seats........................................................................................................................................................................................26

11 Tolerances ................................................................................................................................................................................................................26

12 Acceptance conditions .................................................................................................................................................................................27

12.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................27

12.2 Clearance zone .....................................................................................................................................................................................27

12.3 Seat anchorage performance ...................................................................................................................................................27

12.4 Folding ROPS performance .......................................................................................................................................................27

12.5 After impact loads .............................................................................................................................................................................27

12.6 After static horizontal loads .....................................................................................................................................................28

12.7 Additional conditions .....................................................................................................................................................................28

12.8 Cold weather embrittlement ....................................................................................................................................................31

13 Seatbelt anchorage test procedures ..............................................................................................................................................31

14 Folding ROPS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................31

15 Labelling .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................32

16 Extension to other models .......................................................................................................................................................................32

16.1 Administrative extension ............................................................................................................................................................32

16.2 Technical extension ..........................................................................................................................................................................32

16.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................32

16.2.2 Extension of the structural test results to other models of tractors ................................33

16.2.3 Extension of the structural test results to modified models of the

protective structure ........................................................................................................................................... .........33

16.2.4 Type extension limits ................................................................................................................................................33

16.2.5 Increase of the declared reference mass ..................................................................................................34

17 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

Annex A (normative) Requirements for providing resistance to brittle fracture of front-

mounted ROPS at a reduced operation temperature ..................................................................................................35

Annex B (informative) Folding ROPS test procedures .....................................................................................................................37

Annex C (normative) Test report for front-mounted ROPS ........................................................................................................45

Annex D (normative) Non-continuous rolling test procedure — Calculation method ..................................55

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................59

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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture

and forestry, Subcommittee SC 2, Common tests.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12003-1:2008), which has been

technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— the main title has been changed, referencing type of tractor, from “Agricultural and forestry

tractors” to “Tractors for agriculture and forestry”;

— seat anchorage test procedures of OECD in ISO 12003 have been added as optional testing;

— ergonomic folding ROPS test procedures of OECD in ISO 12003 have been added as optional testing;

— definitions for unballasted mass, plane, track width, maximum permissible mass have been added;

— tractor mass limits for unballasted tractor has been specified;
— permitted mass ratio has been specified (1,75);
— reference mass limits have been added;
— tractor lashings method of lashing has been changed;

— seat position during test has been updated to include seats with adjustable backrest;

— clearance zone has been updated for clarity and information for reversible seat has been added;

— Figure 17 has been updated to be harmonize with OECD Code 6; specifically, a new key “g” has been

added to indicate failure at any stage when load drops below 0,8F ;
max
— cold weather embrittlement test has been added;
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE v
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)

— reversible seat operator seat zones and formulae have been updated to be harmonized with

OECD Code 6;
— non-continuous rolling test methods has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12003 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
Introduction

Testing of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for narrow tractors for agriculture and forestry

intends to minimize the likelihood of driver injury resulting from accidental overturning during

normal operation (e.g. field work) of the tractor. The strength of the front-mounted ROPS is tested by

applying either static or dynamic (impact) loads to simulate actual loads which may be imposed on the

front-mounted ROPS when the tractor overturns either to the rear or to the side without free fall. The

tests allow observations to be made on the strength of the front-mounted ROPS and the attachment

brackets to the tractor and also of the tractor parts that may be affected by the load imposed on the

front-mounted ROPS. This document includes optional testing for seat anchorage points and folding

efforts of front-mounted roll-over protective structure designed to fold.

Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are imposed on a protective

structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests enable observations to be made on the strength of

the protective structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor and any parts of the tractor which

transmit the test load.

Provision is made to cover both tractors with the conventional forward-facing driving position only

and those with a reversible driving position, which is in agreement with the relevant OECD test code

practice (see Reference [4]). For tractors with a reversible driving position, a clearance zone is defined

to be the combined clearance zones for the two driving positions.

It is recognized that there can be designs of tractors, such as lawn-mowers, and certain forestry

machines such as forwarders, for which this document is not appropriate.
[2] [3]

NOTE For regular tractors, see ISO 3463 (dynamic test) and ISO 5700 (static test).

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
Tractors for agriculture and forestry — Roll-over
protective structures on narrow tractors —
Part 1:
Front-mounted ROPS
1 Scope

This document specifies procedures for both the static and dynamic strength testing of roll-over

protective structures (ROPS) front-mounted on narrow tractors. It defines the clearance zone and

acceptance conditions for rigid or tiltable, front, two-post ROPS, including any associated rear fixtures,

and is applicable to tractors so equipped having the following characteristics:

— a ground clearance of not more than 600 mm beneath the lowest points of the front- and rear-axle

housings (not considering lower points on the axle differential);

— a fixed or adjustable minimum track width of one of the two axles of less than 1 150 mm;

NOTE It is understood that the axle mounted with the wider tyres is set at a track width of not more

than 1 150 mm. Tyre track width is adjustable so that the outer edges of the narrower tyres do not extend

beyond the outer edges of the tyres of the other axle. Where the two axles are fitted with rims and tyres of

the same size, the fixed or adjustable track width of the two axles is less than 1 150 mm.

— a mass greater than 400 kg but less than 3 500 kg, unballasted, including the ROPS and tyres of the

largest size recommended by the manufacturer;

— fitted with roll-over protective structures of the dual-pillar type mounted only in front of the

seat index point (SIP) and characterised by a reduced clearance zone attributable to the tractor

silhouette.

This document also specifies optional testing procedures for both seat anchorage points and folding

efforts of front-mounted ROPS designed to fold.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 630-1, Structural steels — Part 1: General technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled products

ISO 630-2, Structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for structural steels for general

purposes

ISO 630-3, Structural steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for fine-grain structural steels

ISO 630-4, Structural steels — Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for high-yield-strength quenched and

tempered structural steel plates
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes — Requirements

ISO 3776-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 2: Anchorage strength

requirements
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)

ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat

index point

ISO 12934, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Basic types — Vocabulary

ISO 13854:2017, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body

ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General

ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

ASAE S313, Soil Cone Penetrometer

ASAE EP542, Procedures for Using and Reporting Data Obtained with the Soil Cone Penetrometer

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12934 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
roll-over protective structure
ROPS

framework protecting drivers of agricultural tractors, which minimizes the likelihood of driver injury

resulting from accidental overturning during normal field work

Note 1 to entry: The ROPS is characterized by the provision of space for a clearance zone, either inside the

envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edges of the

structure to any part of the tractor that might come into contact with the ground; it is capable of supporting the

tractor in an overturned position.
3.2
front-mounted ROPS

two-post roll-over protective structure (3.1) mounted on the tractor in front of the driver and with a

reduced clearance zone
Note 1 to entry: Compare with rear-mounted ROPS described in ISO 12003-2.
3.3
unballasted mass

mass of the tractor in working order with tanks and radiators full, roll-over protective structure (3.1) with

cladding and any track equipment or additional front-wheel drive components required for normal use

Note 1 to entry: Not included are the operator, optional ballast weights, additional wheel equipment, special

equipment and loads.
[SOURCE: ISO 5700:2013, 3.2]
3.4
maximum permissible mass
max

maximum mass of the tractor stated by the manufacturer to be technically permissible and declared on

the vehicle’s identification plate and/or in the operator’s handbook

1) American Society of Agricultural Engineers, now known as American Society of Agricultural and Biological

Engineers.
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ISO 12003-1:2021(E)
3.5
reference mass

mass, not less than the maximum unballasted mass (3.3), selected by the manufacturer for calculation

of loading energies and forces to be applied in the tests
3.6
mass ratio
m ratio of
max
m =
3.7
reference plane

vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat index point and the

steering-wheel centre

Note 1 to entry: Normally, this reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor.

3.8
longitudinal median plane
median longitudinal plane
symmetric longitudinal plane

vertical plane Y passing through the mid-points of AB, perpendicular to AB, A and B being such that

— for each wheel, the vertical plane passing through its axis cuts the mid-plane of the wheel following

a straight line Δ which meets the supporting surface of the vehicle at one point, and

— A and B are two points thus defined which correspond to two wheels, both of which are either

steering or powered wheels, situated respectively at the two ends of the same real or imaginary axle

Note 1 to entry: The mid-plane of the dual wheels being equidistant from the inner edge of one wheel and the

outer edge of the other, the straight line Δ is, in this particular case, the intersection of the mid-plane of the dual

wheels and the vertical plane passing through the axis of the axle pin.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 612:1978, Clause 5.

Note 3 to entry: The longitudinal median plane may also be applied to track-laying tractors.

Note 4 to entry: See Figure 1.
[SOURCE: ISO 5700:2013, 3.8]
Figure 1 — Longitudinal median plane
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