ISO 16792:2006

Technical product documentation - Digital product definition data practices

ISO 16792:2006 specifies requirements for the preparation, revision and presentation of digital product definition data (data sets). It supports two methods of application: model-only, and model and drawing in digital format.

Documentation technique de produits — Données de définition d'un produit

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Dec-2006
• ICS: 01.110 - Technical product documentation
• ICS: 35.240.10 - Computer-aided design (CAD)
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 10 - Technical product documentation
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 10/WG 16 - 3D models: Presentation of product definition data
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 19-Nov-2015
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO 16792:2015 - Technical product documentation - Digital product definition data practices
• Effective Date: 03-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16792
First edition
2006-12-15
Technical product documentation —
Digital product definition data practices
Documentation technique de produits — Données de définition d'un
produit
Reference number
©
ISO 2006
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Data set identification and control. 5
5 Data set requirements . 7
6 Design model requirements . 14
7 Common requirements for product definition data . 15
8 Notes and special notations . 34
9 Model values and dimensions. 34
10 Datum applications. 45
11 Geometric tolerances . 59
Bibliography . 100

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16792 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation.
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Every effort was made during the preparation of this International Standard — adapted from
ASME Y14.41:2003 — to apply existing requirements developed for two-dimensional (2-D) presentation
equally to the output from three-dimensional (3-D) models. Where new Geometrical Product Specification
(GPS) rules have proved essential, these have been drafted with a view to their being equally applicable to
both 2-D and 3-D. Therefore, in order to maintain the integrity of a single system, these new rules are being
incorporated in the relevant existing ISO standards for cross-reference. Application examples have been
included where, due to the specific requirements of 3-D modelling, additional guidance was deemed beneficial.
It is recognised that there is a need to support drawings in conjunction with 3-D models now and for the
foreseeable future. This need has been addressed in this International Standard through the definition of the
two methods for documenting digital models and specification of requirements to ensure that the information
in a data set is consistent between the model and the drawing.
The figures in this International Standard are intended only as illustrations to aid the user in understanding the
practices elaborated in the text. In some cases, figures show a level of detail as needed for emphasis; in
others, they are only complete enough to illustrate a concept or facet thereof. The absence of figures has no
bearing on the applicability of the specified requirement or practice.
In order to comply with the requirements of this International Standard, actual data sets will need to meet the
content requirements set forth in its text.
Most figures are illustrations of models in a 3-D environment. Figures illustrating drawings in digital format
include a border.
Text in uppercase letters used in the figures are intended to appear in digital product definition data, or data
sets; while that in lowercase letters is for information only and is not intended to appear in data sets.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16792:2006(E)

Technical product documentation — Digital product definition
data practices
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for the preparation, revision and presentation of digital
product definition data, hereafter referred to as data sets. It supports two methods of application: model-only,
and model and drawing in digital format. Its structure presents requirements common to both methods
followed by clauses providing for any essential, differing requirements for each method. Additionally, its use in
conjunction with computer aided design (CAD) systems could assist in the progression towards improved
modelling and annotation practices for CAD and engineering disciplines, as well as serving as a guideline for
IT engineers.
The aspects specified in this International Standard refer mainly, but not exclusively, to requirements that
differ or are additional to those provided in existing, related standards. Where no such requirements are
identified, it is safe to assume that the appropriate existing ISO standards are instead applicable.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles
ISO 128 (all parts), Technical drawings — General principles of presentation
ISO 129-1:2004, Technical drawings — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1: General principles
ISO 286 (all parts), ISO system of limits and fits
ISO 406, Technical drawings — Tolerancing of linear and angular dimensions
ISO 1101:2004, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 1302, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Indication of surface texture in technical product
documentation
ISO 2692, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Maximum material principle
ISO 2768-1:1989, General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without
individual tolerance indications
ISO 3098-0:1997, Technical product documentation — Lettering — Part 0: General requirements
ISO 3098-5:1997, Technical product documentation — Lettering — Part 5: CAD lettering of the Latin alphabet,
numerals and marks
ISO 5456 (all parts), Technical drawings — Projection methods
ISO 5457:1999, Technical product documentation — Sizes and layout of drawing sheets
ISO 5458, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Positional tolerancing
ISO 5459:1981, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum-systems for
geometrical tolerances
ISO 7083, Technical drawings — Symbols for geometrical tolerancing — Proportions and dimensions
ISO 7200:2004, Technical product documentation — Data fields in title blocks and document headers
ISO 8015:1985, Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principles
ISO 11442:2006, Technical product documentation — Document management
ISO 12944 (all parts), Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems
ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 1: General
terms and definitions
ISO 16016:2000, Technical product documentation — Protection notices for restricting the use of documents
and products
ISO 82045-2:2004, Document management — Part 2: Metadata elements and information reference model
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
annotation
dimension(s), tolerance(s), note(s), text or symbol(s) visible without any manual or external manipulation
3.2
annotation plane
conceptual plane containing annotation
NOTE 1 It is desirable that annotation planes intersect or be coincident with a model feature.
NOTE 2 The plane is “conceptual” because it is not physically shown as geometry on the model but is provided to
replace the drawing media.
3.3
assembly model
model in which the product described is an assembly of two or more items
3.4
associated entities
portion of a product definition to which annotation pertains
3.5
associated group
user-defined set of related digital elements
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

3.6
associativity
established relationship between digital elements
3.7
attribute
dimension, tolerance, note, text or symbol required to complete the product definition or model feature of the
product that is not visible but available upon querying the model
3.8
data
information represented in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by human
beings or computers
3.9
datum system
ordered list of two or three datums, which can be single or common
NOTE 1 See ISO 5459:1981.
NOTE 2 This can be considered as a partial or complete datum system.
3.10
design model
portion of the data set that contains model and supplemental geometry
3.11
digital element
geometric element, model feature, group of model features, annotation, associated group or attribute that
exists in a data set
3.12
digital element identifier
label or name used to specify a unique digital element
3.13
direction dependent tolerance
tolerance that invokes a zone of parallel lines or curves
3.14
flagnote
note that is located with the general notes but applies only at specific areas or points on the model or drawing
3.15
geometric element
graphic entity used in a data set
EXAMPLE Representation of geometric feature as defined in ISO 14660-1, representation of models coordinate
system, or representation of crosshatching.
3.16
hard copy
printed or plotted copy of all or part of a data set
3.17
installation model
model in which the product described is an installation, showing parts or assemblies and a partial or complete
representation of the installation site
3.18
management data
data required for the release, control and storage of product definition data as well as other relevant
engineering data
3.19
model
combination of design model, annotation and attributes that describes a product
3.20
model coordinate system
representation of a Cartesian coordinate system in a product definition data set
3.21
model geometry
geometric elements in product definition data which represent designed product
3.22
model feature
model geometry that represents a physical portion of a part
3.23
model value
numerical value derived by querying the model that quantifies the form and spatial relationships of the
geometry composing a design model or assembly of models to the precision (number of decimal places) of
the computer system
3.24
product definition data
data elements required to completely define a product
3.25
product definition data set
collection of one or more computer file(s) that discloses (directly or by reference), by means of graphic or
textual presentations, or combinations of both, the physical and functional requirements of a product
3.26
screen dump
hard copy of a displayed image
3.27
query
means of interrogating a digital element or the relationship between digital elements
3.28
represented line element
supplemental geometry line or curve segment indicating the orientation of a direction-dependent tolerance
3.29
resolved dimension
model value that is rounded off to the number of decimal places required for the design
3.30
saved view
stored and retrievable specific orientation and a magnification factor of a model
3.31
special character
character not included in the set of letters A–Z, a–z, numerals and punctuation symbols
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

3.32
supplemental geometry
geometric elements included in product definition data to communicate design requirements but not intended
to represent a portion of the manufactured product
4 Data set identification and control
4.1 General
Data sets for which compliance with this International Standard is claimed shall include a reference to this
International Standard, ISO 16792, either in the data set itself or in a document referenced by the data set.
The current revision of the data and the computer application(s) and version(s) used to develop the data set
shall be specified with other management data, see 5.4.
The data set identifier shall be unique and shall consist of numeric, alphabetic or special characters in any
combination. Spaces are not permitted between any of the characters of the data set identifier.
The length of the data set identifier may be a direct function of the computer system and the operating system.
When the part or identifying number is used as the data set identifier, the length shall be compatible with
recognised limitations on number length in accordance with ISO 7200 and ISO 82045-2.
Special characters, such as hyphen (-), slash (/), or asterisk (*), shall be selected in a manner that does not
hinder data set identification or have an adverse affect on the computer system operation.
A recognisable prefix or suffix may be included as part of the identifier to associate files and sets of related
data.
See ISO 7200 and ISO 82045-2 for the description and use of drawings, drawing numbers, and identifying
numbers.
4.2 Related data
Related data shall be integral to, or referenced in, the data set. Related data consists of, but is not limited to,
analytical data, parts lists, test requirements, material specifications, process and finish requirements in
accordance with Figure 1.
4.3 Data management
The following specifies the structure and control requirements for data management:
a) The data management system shall meet the requirements of ISO 11442, providing information to enable
the control and tracking of data sets, throughout the life cycle of the product to which each relates. The
system may include work in process, data review status, model checked status, release status, design
tool and version, libraries, etc.
b) Revision history information per ISO 11442 shall be contained in the data set.
Key
a
Related data (as applicable) required for complete definition may be integral to or referenced in the product definition
data set. Data not integral to the product definition data set may be revised independently.
b
A drawing is not required for Model Only data sets.
c
Related data may be manually or computer generated.
Figure 1 — Content of a product definition data set

Figure 2 — Content of a model
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

5 Data set requirements
5.1 General
The data set shall provide complete product definition. For example, a design model, its annotation, and
related documentation.
5.1.1 Fundamental requirements
The following are the fundamental requirements and other provisions applicable to both annotated models and
drawings, specific to annotated models and specific to drawings.
a) Common to annotated models and drawings
⎯ All model values and resolved dimensions shall be obtained from the model.
⎯ Rounding requirements for resolved dimensions shall comply with 9.2.2.
⎯ The ability to query the model shall be available, see 7.3.8.
⎯ All angular values shall be queried from the model, see 9.3. Exceptions to this are model coordinate
system(s), planes and axes in a datum system, and orthographic views.
⎯ When query is required, a notation stating the requirement for query of the model or associated data
shall be added to the drawing or in the general notes.
⎯ When applying tolerances to features, alignment of the annotation plane to the nominal or
theoretically exact profile is not required.
⎯ Values obtained from the model for any feature(s) without any tolerance or datum target
specifications assigned shall be auxiliary dimensions.
⎯ Legibility requirements of ISO 3098-0 and ISO 3098-5 shall apply when the annotation is viewed
perpendicular to the annotation plane.
⎯ Annotation in any given annotation plane shall not overlap other annotation in the same annotation
plane when the model is viewed perpendicular to the annotation plane.
⎯ Annotation text within any given annotation plane shall not be placed over the design model when
the model is viewed perpendicular to the annotation plane.
b) Applicable only to models
⎯ All annotation shall be specified in one or more annotation planes. When CAD software does not
support maintenance of annotation plane orientation relative to the model, the model-only method
shall not be used, see 7.3.4.
⎯ The associated entities, annotation, and attributes shall be in agreement, see 7.3.2.
⎯ Resolved dimensions created from queried model values are considered the same as dimensions
displayed on a model, see 9.2.1.
⎯ Display of centrelines or centre planes for features of size is optional.
⎯ To ensure that the annotation is readable — the text, for example, could be upside down or
backwards following rotation of the model — one of the following techniques shall be used:
i) ensuring that the reading direction is updated after rotation of a model;
ii) inclusion of means of determining the correct reading direction in each annotation plane applied
to a model;
iii) when using saved views, ensuring that the model is orientated in the intended view direction —
for example, by including a means of determining the correct reading direction in the view.
⎯ Dimensions and tolerances to internal features may be shown without the use of a section, see
Figure 25 c).
c) Applicable only to drawings
⎯ Annotation may be applied to orthographic or axonometric views.
⎯ For axonometric views, the orientation of the annotation shall be parallel to, normal to or coincident
with the surface to which it applies. An annotation shall not overlap another or the geometrical
representation of the part.
5.1.2 Design model requirement
A design model is required and shall be in accordance with 5.2 and Clause 6.
5.2 General model requirements
5.2.1 Associativity
The ability to associate digital elements shall be available and maintained. Associativity information shall be
electronically accessible.
5.2.2 Model coordinate systems
A design model shall contain one or more model coordinate systems. A model coordinate system shall be
depicted by three mutually perpendicular line segments with its origin located at the intersection of the three
axes. Each axis shall be labelled and the positive direction shown. Model coordinate systems shall be right-
handed unless otherwise specified, see Figure 3 b).
8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

a)  Mirror-image relationship

NOTE When observed in the Z direction, with positive Y ascending, positive X is directed to the right-hand side of the
observer.
b)  Recognising the right-hand coordinate system
Figure 3 — Left- and right-hand model coordinate systems
5.2.3 Applications of supplemental geometry
When supplemental geometry is used, there shall be a clear distinction between the supplemental geometry
and the design model geometry.
a) Represented line element
When a represented line element is used to indicate the direction of a geometric tolerance application, the
leader line from the tolerance indicator shall terminate on the represented line element in an arrowhead,
see Figure 41. The following geometric tolerances may use a represented line element to clarify the
directionality of a two-dimensional tolerance zone of parallel lines:
⎯ straightness applied to the line elements of a planar surface, see 11.3.2 and Figure 41;
⎯ orientation tolerance applied on each line element on a surface, see 11.3.3 and Figure 46.
⎯ profile any line, see 11.3.4 and Figure 55.
NOTE It may be necessary to carefully define the placement and orientation of the represented line element on the
real workpiece.
b) Associativity
The represented line element, the tolerance indicator and, the toleranced model feature should be
organized as an associated group, see Figures 41, 46, and 55.
5.2.4 Workpiece features not fully modelled
A conventional simplified representation of workpiece features such as threads, holes, fillets, rounds and
drafts may be shown using partial geometry definition, annotations, attributes or a combination thereof, see
Figure 10.
5.3 General method requirements
5.3.1 Data set methods
The following subclauses cover the product definition methods listed below. Each different method for
specifying product definition is used in support of different industry processes and requirements. The data set
is the original for all of the methods: any copy, no matter what the media of presentation, is subordinate.
5.3.2 Model-only
The following is applicable when there is complete product definition within a model.
a) Product definition data, including but not limited to notes, parts lists, marking requirements, dimensions
and, tolerances shall be contained or referenced in the data set.
b) The data elements of a drawing format as defined in ISO 5457 and ISO 7200 are not required, except for
the following, which shall be contained in the data set:
⎯ name and address of the company or design activity for the data set;
⎯ data set title;
⎯ data set number;
⎯ approval indicators and approval dates;
⎯ contract number when required;
⎯ originator’s name and date.
c) When working with a model, the first or third angle projection symbol (see ISO 5456-2) are not required.
5.3.3 Model and drawing
The following is applicable when there is complete product definition within a model and drawing.
a) A complete definition of a product shall contain a model and a drawing that may contain orthographic
views, axonometric views or a combination thereof. Annotation may be applied to the model, or on the
drawing or, a combination thereof.
NOTE The development of a drawing that provides a complete product definition is allowed.
b) Product definition data created or shown in the model and on the drawing shall not be in conflict.
10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

c) Product definition data created and shown on the drawing shall not conflict with product definition data in
the model.
d) The drawing shall contain a drawing border and title block information in accordance with ISO 5457 and
ISO 7200.
e) The drawing shall reference all models and data relevant to the product.
f) Minimum drawing output capability shall be in accordance with ISO 128 (all parts, as appropriate),
ISO 129-1, ISO 286-1, ISO 406, ISO 1101, ISO 1302, ISO 2692, ISO 5458, ISO 5459, ISO 5456 (all
parts), ISO 5457, ISO 7083 and ISO 7200.
g) Annotation displayed on the drawing shall be interpretable without the use of query.
h) When complete product definition is not contained on the drawing, this shall be noted.
i) When complete product definition is not contained in the model, this shall be noted.
5.4 Management data
5.4.1 General
Management data that is not placed on a drawing shall be placed on the model or in the data set separate
from the model or drawing according to 5.4.2 and 5.4.3.
5.4.2 Management data in the data set
The following management data shall be contained in the data set:
⎯ Application data;
⎯ Approval;
⎯ Data set identification;
⎯ Design activity transfer;
⎯ Revision history for the data set.
5.4.3 Management data on a model
Management data placed on a model shall be placed on a management data annotation plane or using an
equivalent method. The annotation plane shall be available for display with the model. When displayed, the
management data annotation plane shall not rotate with the model. Management data placed on a model shall
include, but is not limited to
⎯ ISO 16792,
⎯ CAD maintained notation,
⎯ design activity identification,
⎯ duplicate original notation,
⎯ item identification,
⎯ unit of measurement, and
⎯ navigation data.
5.5 Protection marking
5.5.1 General
Protection marking shall be placed in the file(s) or in the referenced document(s) to which it applies (see
ISO 16016).
5.5.2 Location on models
Protection marking shall be placed on a protection-marking annotation plane, or equivalent, which shall be
available for display with the model. Reproductions of technical data, or any portions thereof, subject to
asserted restrictions shall also reproduce the asserted restrictions. When displayed, the protection-marking
annotation plane does not rotate with the model.
NOTE Models containing company intellectual property could include notes to this effect, such as company
proprietary notes and competition sensitive material. In addition, there could be requirement for the inclusion of other
information such as government notices, statements and, legends. Contractual requirements (copyright notices,
distribution statements, export control notices and rights in data legends etc.) will determine precisely what is required.
5.6 Views on models
See ISO 128-30, ISO 128-34, ISO 128-40, ISO 128-44 and ISO 128-50 for sections and views. The following
paragraphs describe exceptions or additions for views on models.
a) Saved views
Saved views of a design model may be defined to facilitate presentation of the model and its annotation.
A saved view shall have an identifier, be retrievable on demand, contain a model coordinate system that
denotes the direction of the view relative to the model and may contain one or more of the annotation
plane(s), a selected set of annotation, or a selected set of geometry.
b) Sections
Saved views may be used to retain sections. All sections shall be the same scale as the design model.
1) A representation of a cutting plane shall be used to indicate the location and viewing direction of a
section. The edges of the cutting plane shall be continuous or long-dashed dotted narrow lines, in
accordance with ISO 128-40. A means of identifying all cutting planes in a model shall be available.
A visible-view arrow or arrows shall be included to show the direction in which the section is viewed,
see Figure 4. A capital letter or letters shall be used for the identification of the cutting plane as
indicated in ISO 128-40.
2) The result of the section cut may be shown either by removing material from the part, see Figure 4 b),
or by display of the curves overlaid on the model that result from intersecting the cutting plane with
the part, see Figure 4 c).
3) Multiple connected cutting planes shall be used for offset sections, see Figure 5.
4) Aligned sections, removed sections and revolved sections shall not be used on design models.
5) Broken-out sections shall be accomplished as offset sections, see also 2), above.
6) Foreshortened and aligned features as well as rotation of features shall not be used on design
models.
7) Section views shall be derived from the design model. Changes to the design model shall cause
section views to be updated accordingly.
12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

a)  Design model cutting plane b)  Resultant section in saved view

c)  Resultant section shown on curves on the model
Key
1 an identified cutting plane
Figure 4 — Design cutting model plane
Key
1 multiple connected cutting planes
Figure 5 — Design model with offset section
6 Design model requirements
6.1 General
Design models represent a product in ideal geometric form at a specified dimensional condition, for example
minimum, maximum or mean. The dimensional condition shall be specified as a general note.
6.2 Geometric scale, units and precision
Design models shall be modelled using a scale of 1:1.
The design model precision indicates the numeric accuracy required in the production of the workpiece in
order for it to fulfil the design intent. The number of significant digits of the design model shall be specified in
the data set. The number of decimal places required for the design cannot exceed the precision of the design
model.
NOTE If the number of decimal places for a model is changed, this can cause dimensional values or tolerances to
change because rounding is applied. See 9.2.2.
14 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

6.3 Model completeness
The model shall contain geometry, attributes and annotation as required to provide a complete definition of the
part. The model shall be constructed so as to provide a complete definition of the workpiece (geometry,
attributes and annotation). In the event that this facility is not used,
⎯ models not fully modelled shall be identified as such, e.g. a partially modelled symmetrical part,
⎯ features that are not fully modelled shall be identified as such, e.g. threaded holes that are only shown as
holes, and
⎯ thin parts for which the thickness has not been fully modelled shall be shown as indicated in ISO 129-1.
See Figure 6.
Figure 6 — Thickness indicator for non-modelled thin parts
6.4 Assembly model completeness
Assembly model completeness shall be in accordance with 6.3. Workpiece and sub-assembly models shown
in the assembly model need only have sufficient detail shown to ensure correct identification, orientation and
placement. The assembly model may be shown in an exploded, partially assembled or completely assembled
state. Location and orientation of parts and assemblies may be shown by geometric definition, annotation, or a
combination of both.
6.5 Installation model completeness
Installation model completeness shall be in accordance with 6.3 and 6.4. Workpiece and assembly models
shown in the installation model need only be sufficiently detailed to provide installation and space
requirements. The maximum envelope for parts and assemblies may be shown using supplemental geometry,
annotation or a combination of both. Location and orientation of parts and assemblies may be shown by
geometric definition, annotation, or a combination of both.
7 Common requirements for product definition data
7.1 General
This clause establishes the common requirements for the application, display management and query of
product definition data. Specific requirements for particular types of product definition data are given in
Clauses 8 to 11.
7.2 Common requirements
7.2.1 Display management
Display management shall include the facility to enable or disable the display of annotation completely, by
type or selectively, see Figure 7.

a)  Model with all annotation displayed
Figure 7 — Display management
16 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

b)  Model with one type of annotation displayed

c)  Model with selected annotation displayed
Figure 7 (continued)
7.2.2 Screen dump
A hard copy of any given visual display shall be available on demand. When a hard copy is intended to be
used as an engineering drawing it shall meet applicable drawing standards.
7.3 Model requirements
7.3.1 General
The following subclauses give requirements for annotation applied to a design model. These are general
requirements, which apply to all types of annotation. Specific requirements for particular types of annotation
are addressed in Clauses 8 to 11, see Figure 8 for a diagram showing the relationship between annotation
and model geometry.
18 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Figure 8 — Annotation and model geometry relationship
7.3.2 Associativity
The following are general provisions for defining an associative relationship between digital elements.
⎯ Annotation may be associated to a model feature, a group of model features, or a portion of an applicable
model feature. For an example of the associated entities for a dimension, see Figure 9.
⎯ Annotation, model geometry, and supplemental geometry may be placed into associated groups to
indicate their relationships.
EXAMPLE 1 Supplemental geometry used to define location, orientation, or further clarify the application of annotation
to a model.
EXAMPLE 2 A model coordinate system for datum systems.
EXAMPLE 3 Other annotation. This could include qualifying notes and size limit indications.

a)  Size tolerance query
Figure 9 — Tolerance query associativity
20 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

b)  Geometric tolerance query

c)  Pattern of features query
Key
1 query
2 visual response
a
All eight associative features.
Figure 9 (continued)
7.3.3 Attributes
Attributes are used to capture additional information that is not shown using geometry or in the model
annotation. Attributes shall be available on demand. Attributes may be presented using text description, forms
or other techniques, see Figure 10 for an example of how the attributes of a hole could be represented.
Applications of attributes include, but are not limited to, coatings, knurling, threaded holes, and pins.

a)  Simplified feature query
b)  Feature attributes
Key
1 query
2 response
Figure 10 — Simplified feature representation and attributes
22 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

7.3.4 Annotation planes
The orientation of the annotation plane shall be maintained relative to the model geometry as the model is
manipulated in 3-D. For example, as the geometry is rotated the text rotates correspondingly, see Figure 11.
When a CAD system does not support maintenance of annotation plane orientation relative to the model,
annotation planes shall not be used.

a)  Initial attitude of model geometry and annotation
Figure 11 — Annotation planes relative to model geometry
b)  Related 90° about the Z axis
Figure 11 (continued)
7.3.5 Leader lines
Leader lines directed to represented line elements shall terminate with an arrowhead, see Figure 55. When an
indicated element is a surface, the leader line shall terminate with a dot within the bounds of the surface.
Leader lines may terminate on the rim or edge of a feature of size when doing so provides a clearer
understanding of the intention of the annotation. A continuous leader line shall be used to indicate all datum
targets in a design model, see 5.1.1 b). Leader lines shall be directed to an associated entity.
7.3.6 Direction dependent tolerances
When a direction dependent tolerance (e.g. straightness) is applied to a design model, the direction shall be
explicitly defined as follows.
⎯ Supplemental geometry is added to the model to show the direction of application. The model geometry
to which the tolerance applies shall be the associated geometry for the annotation, see Figures 41, 46
and 55, and 5.2.3 a).
⎯ Direction dependent tolerances may use a model coordinate system vector to define the direction of
application. The model coordinate system vector, associated entity and tolerance shall be organized as
an associated group, see Figures 42, 47 and 56.
⎯ As indicated in ISO 1101.
⎯ When the lay for a surface texture indication is direction dependent, the direction of the lay may be
indicated using either supplemental geometry or association to a model coordinate system vector. See
Figure 55.
24 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

7.3.7 Indicating limited application of a tolerance
Limited length, area and location indicators may consist of, but are not limited to, supplemental geometry and
associative annotation. When supplemental geometry is used, it shall be located on the model geometry, see
Figures 29.
7.3.8 Query types
The model shall contain information sufficient to satisfy the following query types.
a) Model values
b) Relationship between model geometry and annotation in either direction, including the following.
⎯ Graphic display of associated entities: the associated entities for a piece of annotation shall be
highlighted, or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the display, on demand, see Figures 9
and 36.
⎯ Graphic display of associated annotation: all annotations associated with selected geometry or model
features shall be highlighted, or otherwise distinguished from other entities, on demand, see
Figures 12 b) and 40 c).
c) Digital element identifiers, see Figure 13.
d) Model geometry and model features
⎯ Model features shall be identifiable by selecting a geometric element of the model feature.
⎯ All geometric elements in an associated group of model features shall be identifiable by selecting any
geometric element within the group.
⎯ All model features in a group of model features shall be identifiable by selecting one of the model
features.
e) Tolerance indicators, datum indicators and datum target indicators
⎯ Upon selection of a tolerance indicator, the datum indicators and datum target indicators that
correspond to the datum references shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other
entities on the display, see Figure 14.
⎯ Upon selection of a datum target indicator, all datum target indicators sharing the same letter shall be
highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the display, see Figure 15.
⎯ Upon selection of a datum indicator, the datum target indicators which have the same datum letter
shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the display, see Figure 16.
f) Supplemental geometry used in the definition of annotations, appropriately highlighted or otherwise
distinguished from other entities on the display.
g) Identification of all elements of an associated group, appropriately highlighted or otherwise distinguished
from other entities on the display, through the selection of any one element.
a)  Individual feature
b)  One feature of a pattern
Figure 12 — Graphic display of associated annotation
26 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

c)  Pattern of features
Key
1 query
2 visual response
3 attribute response
a
All eight associative features.
Figure 12 (continued)
Figure 13 — Listing of digital elements identifiers
Key
1 query
NOTE Visual response: all datum feature symbols and datum target symbols respond.
Figure 14 — Queries of datum indicators and datum target indicators

Key
1 query
2 visual response
Figure 15 — Queries for datum targets
28 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Key
1 query
2 visual response
Figure 16 — Queries for supplemental geometry
7.4 Drawing requirements
7.4.1 General
See ISO 128-30, ISO 128-34, ISO 128-40, ISO 128-44 for sections and views. The following subclauses
describe exceptions or additions for views on drawings. The following subclauses also describe general
requirements for axonometric views on fully or partially defined drawings. Spec
...