ISO 13705:2001
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Fired heaters for general refinery service
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Fired heaters for general refinery service
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Réchauffeurs à brûleurs pour usage général dans les raffineries
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13705
First edition
2001-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Fired heaters for general refinery service
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Réchauffeurs à brûleurs pour
usage général dans les raffineries
Reference number
ISO 13705:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 General.11
4.1 Precautions .11
4.2 Pressure design code .11
4.3 Local regulations .11
4.4 Heater nomenclature.11
5 Proposals .16
5.1 Purchaser’s responsibilities.16
5.2 Vendor’s responsibilities.16
5.3 Documentation.17
5.4 Final records .18
6 Design considerations .19
6.1 Process design .19
6.2 Combustion design .19
6.3 Mechanical design.19
7 Tubes .20
7.1 General.20
7.2 Extended surface.21
7.3 Materials .22
8 Headers.22
8.1 General.22
8.2 Plug headers .22
8.3 Return bends.24
8.4 Materials .24
9 Piping, terminals and manifolds .25
9.1 General.25
9.2 Allowable movement and loads .25
9.3 Materials .26
10 Tube supports.26
10.1 General.26
10.2 Loads and allowable stress.27
10.3 Materials .28
11 Refractories and insulation .28
11.1 General.28
11.2 Brick and tile construction .29
11.3 Castable construction.30
11.4 Ceramic fibre construction.30
11.5 Multicomponent lining construction .32
11.6 Materials .32
12 Structures and appurtenances.33
12.1 General.33
12.2 Structures.33
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
12.3 Header boxes, doors and ports.34
12.4 Ladders, platforms and stairways.34
12.5 Materials .35
13 Stacks, ducts and breeching.36
13.1 General.36
13.2 Design considerations .36
13.3 Design methods.38
13.4 Static design.38
13.5 Wind-induced vibration design .39
13.6 Materials .40
14 Burners and auxiliary equipment.40
14.1 Burners .40
14.2 Sootblowers .44
14.3 Fans and drivers .45
14.4 Dampers and damper controls.45
15 Instrument and auxiliary connections.46
15.1 Flue gas and air.46
15.2 Process fluid temperature .47
15.3 Auxiliary connections .47
15.4 Tube skin thermocouples .48
15.5 Access to connections.48
16 Shop fabrication and field erection.48
16.1 General.48
16.2 Structural steel fabrication .48
16.3 Coil fabrication.50
16.4 Painting and galvanizing.50
16.5 Refractories and insulation .51
16.6 Field erection.51
17 Inspection, examination and testing.52
17.1 General.52
17.2 Weld examination .52
17.3 Castings examination.53
17.4 Examination of other components.54
17.5 Testing .54
Annex A (informative) Equipment data sheets.56
Annex B (informative) Purchaser's checklist .85
Annex C (informative) Proposed shop assembly conditions .89
Annex D (normative) Stress curves for use in the design of tube support elements.91
Annex E (normative) Centrifugal fans for fired heater systems.107
Annex F (informative) Air preheat systems for fired process heaters.122
Annex G (informative) Measurement of thermal efficiency of fired process heaters .175
Annex H (informative) Stack design.222
Bibliography .232
iv © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 13705 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and
offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
Annexes D and E form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes A, B, C, F, G and H are for
information only.
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on API standard 560, second edition, September 1995.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for
individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser
from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be
particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the
vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
In International Standards, the SI system of units is used. Where practical in this International Standard, US
Customary units are included in brackets for information.
A bullet (zzzz) at the beginning of a clause or subclause indicates that either a decision is required or further
information is to be provided by the purchaser. This information should be indicated on data sheets (see examples
in annex A) or stated in the enquiry or purchase order. Decisions should be indicated on a check list (see example
in annex B).
vi © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13705:2001(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Fired heaters for general
refinery service
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials,
fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of fired heaters, air preheaters, fans and
burners for general refinery service.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual assessment
of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel
substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 13704, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Calculation of heater-tube thickness in petroleum refineries
1)
EN 10025 , Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions
2)
AFBMA Standard 9 , Load ratings and fatigue life for ball bearings
3)
AMCA 99-2404-78 , Drive arrangements for centrifugal fans
AMCA 201, Fans and systems
AMCA 210, Laboratory methods of testing fans for aerodynamic performance rating
4)
ASME B17.1 , Keys and keyseats
ASME B31.3, Process piping
ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section VIII, Rules for construction of pressure vessels
5)
ASTM A 36 , Standard specification for carbon structural steel
1) European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
th
2) Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, 1200 19 Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036-2412, USA.
3) Air Movement and Control Assocation, 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, USA.
4) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA.
5) American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA.
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
ASTM A 105, Standard specification for carbon steel forgings for piping applications
ASTM A 123, Standard specification for zinc (hot-dip galvanized) coatings on iron and steel products
ASTM A 143, Standard practice for safeguarding against embrittlement of hot-dip galvanized structural steel
products and procedure for detecting embrittlement
ASTM A 153, Standard specification for zinc coating (hot-dip) on iron and steel hardware
ASTM A 161, Standard specification for seamless low-carbon and carbon-molybdenum steel still tubes for refinery
service
ASTM A 181, Standard specification for carbon steel forgings, for general-purpose piping
ASTM A 182, Standard specification for forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and
parts for high-temperature service
ASTM A 192, Standard specification for seamless carbon steel boiler tubes for high-pressure service
ASTM A 193, Standard specification for alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high-temperature
service
ASTM A 194, Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for high-pressure or high-temperature
service, or both
ASTM A 209, Standard specification for seamless carbon-molybdenum alloy-steel boiler and superheater tubes
ASTM A 210, Standard specification for seamless medium-carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes
ASTM A 213, Standard specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler, superheater and heat-
exchanger tubes
ASTM A 216, Standard specification for steel castings, carbon, suitable for fusion welding, for high-temperature
service
ASTM A 217, Standard specification for steel castings, martensitic stainless and alloy, for pressure-containing
parts, suitable for high-temperature service
ASTM A 234, Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high
temperature service
ASTM A 240, Standard specification for heat-resisting chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet,
and strip for pressure vessels
ASTM A 242, Standard specification for high-strength low-alloy structural steel
ASTM A 283, Standard specification for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates
ASTM A 297, Standard specification for steel castings, iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel, heat resistant, for
general application
ASTM A 307, Standard specification for carbon steel bolts and studs, 60 000 psi tensile strength
ASTM A 320, Standard specification for alloy steel bolting materials for low-temperature service
ASTM A 325, Standard specification for structural bolts, steel, heat treated, 120/105 ksi minimum tensile strength
ASTM A 351, Standard specification for castings, austenitic, austenitic-ferritic (duplex), for pressure-containing
parts
ASTM A 384, Standard practice for safeguarding against warpage and distortion during hot-dip galvanizing of steel
assemblies
2 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
ASTM A 385, Standard practice for providing high-quality zinc coatings (hot-dip)
ASTM A 387, Standard specification for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, chromium-molybdenum
ASTM A 403, Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings
ASTM A 447, Standard specification for steel castings, chromium-nickel-iron alloy (25-12 class), for high-
temperature service
ASTM A 560, Standard specification for castings, chromium-nickel alloy
ASTM A 572, Standard specification for high-strength, low alloy columbium-vanadium structural steel
ASTM A 608, Standard specification for centrifugally cast iron-chromium-nickel high-alloy tubing for pressure
application at high temperatures
ASTM B 366, Standard specification for factory-made wrought nickel and nickel alloy fittings
ASTM B 407, Standard specification for nickel-iron-chromium alloy seamless pipe and tube
ASTM B 564, Standard specification for nickel alloy forgings
ASTM B 633, Standard specification for electrodeposited coatings of zinc on iron and steel
ASTM C 27, Standard classification of fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick
ASTM C 155, Standard classification of insulating firebrick
ASTM C 332, Standard specification for lightweight aggregates for insulating concrete
ASTM C 401, Standard classification of alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories
ASTM C 612, Standard specification for mineral fiber block and board thermal insulation
6)
AWS D1.1, Structural welding code — Steel
AWS D14.6-96, Specification for welding of rotating elements of equipment
7)
MSS SP-55 , Quality standard for steel castings for valves, flanges and fittings, and other piping components —
Visual method
8)
NFPA 70 , National electrical code
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Terms and definitions related to centrifugal fans are given in annex E.
3.1
air heater
air preheater
heat transfer apparatus through which combustion air is passed and heated by a medium of higher temperature,
such as the combustion products, steam or other fluid
6) American Welding Society, 550 NW Le Jeune Road, Miami, FL 33126, USA.
7) Manufacturers Standardization Society, 127 Park Street NE, Vienna, VA 22180, USA.
8) National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101, USA.
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
3.2
anchor
tieback
metallic or refractory device that holds the refractory or insulation in place
3.3
arch
flat or sloped portion of the heater radiant section opposite the floor
3.4
atomizer
device used to reduce liquid fuel to a fine mist
3.5
backup layer
refractory layer behind the hot face layer
3.6
balanced draught heater
heater which uses forced-draught fans to supply combustion air and uses induced fans to remove flue gases
3.7
breeching
heater section where flue gases are collected after the last convection coil for transmission to the stack or the outlet
ductwork
3.8
bridgewall
gravity wall
wall which separates two adjacent heater zones
3.9
bridgewall temperature
temperature of flue gas leaving the radiant section
3.10
burner
device which introduces fuel and air into a heater at the desired velocities, turbulence and concentration to
establish and maintain proper ignition and combustion
NOTE Burners are classified by the type of fuel fired, such as oil, gas, or a combination of gas and oil, which may be
designated as “dual fuel” or “combination”.
3.11
butterfly damper
single-blade damper which pivots about its centre
3.12
casing
metal plate used to enclose the fired heater
3.13
castable
insulating concrete poured or gunned in place to form a rigid refractory shape or structure
3.14
ceramic fibre
fibrous refractory insulation composed primarily of silica and alumina
NOTE Applicable forms include blanket, board, module, rigidized blanket, and vacuum-formed shapes.
4 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 13705:2001(E)
3.15
convection section
portion of the heater in which the heat is transferred to the tubes primarily by convection
3.16
corbel
projection from the refractory surface generally used to prevent flue gas bypassing the tubes of the convection
section if they are on a staggered pitch
3.17
corrosion allowance
additional material thickness added to allow for material loss due to corrosion
3.18
corrosion rate
rate of reduction in the material thickness due to chemical attack from the process fluid or flue gas or both
NOTE Corrosion rate is expressed in millimetres per year (mils per year).
3.19
crossover
interconnecting piping between any two heater-coil sections
3.20
damper
device
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.