ISO/TR 14933:2012
(Main)Road vehicles — Test procedures for evaluating out-of-position vehicle occupant interactions with deploying side air bags
Road vehicles — Test procedures for evaluating out-of-position vehicle occupant interactions with deploying side air bags
ISO/TR 14933:2012 outlines test procedures for evaluating the effects of the interactions between deploying side air bags (SAB) and vehicle occupants. ISO/TR 14933:2012 describes dummies, procedures, instrumentation and test configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between a deploying side air bag and a vehicle occupant in front and rear seats.
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes d'essai pour l'évaluation des interactions d'un occupant en position anormale dans un véhicule avec les sacs gonflables latéraux en cours de déploiement
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 14933
Second edition
2012-12-15
Road vehicles — Test procedures for
evaluating out-of-position vehicle
occupant interactions with deploying
side air bags
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes d’essai pour l’évaluation des
interactions d’un occupant en position anormale dans un véhicule
avec les sacs gonflables latéraux en cours de déploiement
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
© ISO 2012
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions . 1
4 Tests . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Test device . 2
5 Instrumentation . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Dummy test temperature . 3
5.3 Electrical grounding . 3
6 Air bag location/impacting object/other test matrix . 3
7 Test details . 5
7.1 Test procedures referenced in other ISO international standards . 5
7.2 Child and small adult out-of-position static tests. . 5
Bibliography .18
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may
decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical
Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are
considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 14933 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 10,
Impact test procedures.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 14933:2001), which has been
technically revised.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Side air bags (SAB) are inflatable devices intended to help reduce the risk of injury to the head and/or
the chest and/or the pelvis of vehicle occupants adjacent to the impacted side of the vehicle. Side impact
accident data indicate that the vehicle side is most likely to come into contact with a passenger car, a
1)
truck or a fixed object, such as a pole or tree . Accident data also indicate that serious-to-fatal injuries
in side impact are most likely to occur to the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis and extremities.
During its inflation process in an accident, an air bag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy
and, as a result, substantial forces can be developed between the deploying air bag and the nearby
occupant. A considerable but unknown portion of the occupant population does not drive/ride in exactly
the vehicle design position, but lean/rest in various ways against the armrest, door, glazing or other
side panel of the vehicle, where air bag reaction forces may be even greater. These test procedures were
developed to help improve the understanding of such interactions and to help aid in the assessment of
future air bag designs.
This Technical Report describes the more common interactions, recognizing that the range of possible
interactions is essentially limitless.
[1] [5] [6]
References to provide some background on human impact tolerance and criteria, while references
[7] [8] [10]
and describe scaling techniques for different size occupants and references to offer interpretations
of dummy responses relative to human injury potential that may be helpful in the evaluation.
1) The vehicle side may also come into contact with the ground during rollovers, but such contact is generally
expected to be less severe than when coming into contact with the three main objects mentioned above.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14933:2012(E)
Road vehicles — Test procedures for evaluating out-of-
position vehicle occupant interactions with deploying
side air bags
1 Scope
This Technical Report outlines test procedures for evaluating the effects of the interactions between
deploying side air bags (SAB) and vehicle occupants. The in-position test procedures are referred to in
other ISO international standards, such as, full-vehicle pole crash tests (ISO 15829) and instrumented
arm evaluations (ISO 15827). Out-of-position vehicle occupant test procedures are described in this
Technical Report.
This Technical Report describes dummies, procedures, instrumentation and test configurations that
can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between a deploying side air bag and a vehicle
occupant in front and rear seats. Air bags may deploy from the door or side trim panel, the armrest, the
seat back or cushion, the roof support pillars, and the roof rail area. Occupants can range in size from
young children through very large adults. These test procedures are sufficiently broad to cover these
areas. Static tests are used for these evaluations, since external forces do not accelerate the vehicle buck.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487:2012, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO/TR 12349 (all parts):1999, Road vehicles — Dummies for restraint system testing
ISO/TR 15827:2007, Road vehicles — Test procedures — Evaluating small female dummy arm and forearm
interactions with driver frontal airbags and side airbags
ISO/TR 15829:2004, Road vehicles — Side impact test procedures for the evaluation of occupant interactions
with side airbags by pole impact simulation
SAE J211-1:2007, Instrumentation for impact test — Part 1: Electronic instrumentation
SAE J211-2:2008, Instrumentation for impact test — Part 2: Photographic instrumentation
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
3.1
side air bag
SAB
air bag designed primarily to help reduce occupant injury potential where the significant collision force
vector is lateral
3.2
head air bag
air bag that deploys between the occupant’s head and the vehicle side structure or an external object
that could contact the head
3.3
chest (thoracic) air bag
air bag that deploys between the occupants upper torso and the vehicle side structure
3.4
pelvic air bag
air bag that deploys between the occupant’s pelvis/thigh area and the vehicle side structure
3.5
combination air bag
air bag that deploys to help protect two or more occupants’ body areas
EXAMPLE A head and chest combination air bag.
3.6
out-of-position occupant
occupant who is seated within the deployment area of a side air bag (for side impact collisions)
3.7
instrumented arm
upper and/or lower arm that fits on a production dummy, with accelerometers and/or load cells to
help measure the interactive forces, accelerations and moments on the upper extremities during air
bag deployment
3.8
rigid pole
vertically-oriented circular, rigid pole-like structure, beginning no more than 100 mm above the ground,
and extending above the roof of the impacting vehicle
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 3560 and ISO 15829.
3.9
seat bight
seat back/seat cushion junction
4 Tests
4.1 General
Tests described in this Technical Report should be selected to produce the most comprehensive
assessment of the occupant protection system in out-of-position conditions. Additional tests may need
to be conducted with slight modifications of the dummy positioning to help ensure the robustness of the
occupant interaction measurements.
4.2 Test device
4.2.1 General
Refer to Tables 2 and 3 for the dummies that are appropriate for use in this Technical Report. These
dummies are referenced in ISO/TR 12349 (all parts).
The dummy’s head skin should be cleaned with alcohol and dusted with baby powder to achieve
acceptable frictional characteristics.
4.2.2 SID-IIs
The SID-IIs represents a 50th percentile 12 to 13 year old adolescent or small adult generic dummy
designed to indicate injury potential to the head, neck, shoulder, arm, chest, abdomen, lumbar spine,
pelvis, thighs and legs as described in Part 572. The SID-IIs has been fully evaluated and has been adopted
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
[11] [13]
into ISO/TR 12349 for use. See references to for instrumentation details. It was specifically
[11] [13]
designed to help evaluate the injury potential of side air bags to.
5 Instrumentation
5.1 General
Measurements, possibly applicable to air bag testing, that can be made using the approved
anthropomorphic test device for each age group are contained in ISO/TR 12349. All measurements
should be recorded and filtered according to the latest version of ISO 6487 and SAE J211 for body regions.
These measurements should be continuous functions of time, so that other quantities referred to in
the references may be derived. Caution must be exercised with dummy compression measurements. In
some of these tests, the rate of loading may be high enough to cause discontinuities in the compression
data of the SID-IIs.
Monitor the air bag deployment and dummy interactions by high-speed cameras (or equivalent video
equipment) operating at a minimum speed of 1000 frames per second (3000 fps is recommended). The
cameras should be positioned so that the field-of-view encompasses the test setup and includes the
anticipated movement of the dummy during the test.
5.2 Dummy test temperature
The test dummy temperature should be within a temperature range of 20,6 °C to 22,2 °C at a relative
humidity to 10 % to 70 % after a soak period of
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