ISO 13116:2014
(Main)Dentistry - Test method for determining radio-opacity of materials
Dentistry - Test method for determining radio-opacity of materials
ISO 13116:2014 specifies test methods for determination of radio-opacity of a test material by reference to a specimen of an aluminium standard. The method is designed to discriminate radio-opacity at a clinically meaningful level and is not designed to take account of factors which may affect precise, inherent values of radio-opacity such as background noise, X-ray beam power, grey scale correction and image enhancement. It is recognized that such factors can change the value of radio-opacity but not the relative ranking compared to standard thicknesses of an internal standard such as aluminium. This test may be performed with conventional or digital sensoring techniques of dental X-ray apparatus.
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Méthodes de détermination de la radio opacité des matériaux
L'ISO 13116:2014 spécifie des méthodes d'essai permettant de déterminer la radio-opacité d'un matériau testé par référence à une échelle de référence en aluminium. La méthode est conçue pour déterminer la radio-opacité à un niveau cliniquement significatif sans tenir compte des facteurs susceptibles d'influer sur la précision des valeurs de radio-opacité (bruit de fond, énergie du faisceau de rayons X, correction de l'échelle de gris, contraste de l'image).
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Oct-2014
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 106/SC 1 - Filling and restorative materials
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 106/SC 1 - Filling and restorative materials
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 29-Sep-2025
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
Overview
ISO 13116:2014 specifies a standardized test method for determining the radio‑opacity of dental materials by reference to an aluminium internal standard. The method defines how to compare a material’s radio‑opacity to known aluminium step thicknesses (aluminium equivalent), using either conventional radiographic film or digital sensoring (intra‑oral sensors or phosphor imaging plates). It is intended to discriminate radio‑opacity at a clinically meaningful level rather than to establish absolute inherent values affected by imaging variables.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Aluminium step wedge: purity ≥98% Al, thickness range 0.5–5.0 mm in equally spaced steps (recommended ~0.5 mm step differences); thickness of each step measured to 0.01 mm accuracy.
- Specimens: homogeneous samples with uniform thickness (typical 1.0 ± 0.1 mm; range 0.5–2.5 mm depending on product standard); thickness variation ≤0.05 mm in measurement area.
- X‑ray conditions: dental X‑ray unit with total filtration 1.5–2 mm Al, operating at (60 ± 10) kV, target‑film distance 300–400 mm; exposure adjusted to produce appropriate film/sensor response.
- Sensoring options:
- Analogue: intra‑oral film (speed D/E/F per ISO 3665), controlled processing, densitometer (optical density 0–3.0, resolution 0.01).
- Digital: calibrated intra‑oral sensors or phosphor imaging plates with grey‑scale analysis software (accuracy ±1 grey value).
- Procedure: place specimen in contact with aluminium step wedge at the image center, expose, measure optical density or grey value for each wedge step and specimen, plot response vs aluminium thickness, interpolate aluminium equivalent (Ta/Ts) and report radio‑opacity.
- Limitations: ISO 13116 does not set pass/fail thresholds; it excludes detailed corrections for background noise, beam power variations, grey‑scale correction or image enhancement - these factors can shift absolute values but not relative ranking versus the aluminium standard.
Applications and who uses it
- Dental materials manufacturers: verify and document radio‑opacity claims for restorative, adhesive, cement and core materials.
- Testing laboratories and quality control: routine batch testing and product verification to produce aluminium‑equivalent radio‑opacity data.
- Regulatory bodies and certification: assess manufacturers’ compliance where product standards reference radio‑opacity requirements.
- R&D and product development: compare formulations and additives (e.g., radiopacifiers) to achieve clinically visible contrast on radiographs.
Related standards
- ISO 3665 - Intra‑oral dental radiographic film specifications
- ISO 1942 - Dentistry vocabulary
- ISO 8601 - Date/time representation (normative reference for documentation)
Keywords: ISO 13116, radio‑opacity, dental materials, aluminium step wedge, radiopacity testing, dental X‑ray, digital intra‑oral sensor, densitometer, aluminium equivalent.
ISO 13116:2014 - Dentistry -- Test method for determining radio-opacity of materials
ISO 13116:2014 - Médecine bucco-dentaire -- Méthodes de détermination de la radio opacité des matériaux
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 13116:2014 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Dentistry - Test method for determining radio-opacity of materials". This standard covers: ISO 13116:2014 specifies test methods for determination of radio-opacity of a test material by reference to a specimen of an aluminium standard. The method is designed to discriminate radio-opacity at a clinically meaningful level and is not designed to take account of factors which may affect precise, inherent values of radio-opacity such as background noise, X-ray beam power, grey scale correction and image enhancement. It is recognized that such factors can change the value of radio-opacity but not the relative ranking compared to standard thicknesses of an internal standard such as aluminium. This test may be performed with conventional or digital sensoring techniques of dental X-ray apparatus.
ISO 13116:2014 specifies test methods for determination of radio-opacity of a test material by reference to a specimen of an aluminium standard. The method is designed to discriminate radio-opacity at a clinically meaningful level and is not designed to take account of factors which may affect precise, inherent values of radio-opacity such as background noise, X-ray beam power, grey scale correction and image enhancement. It is recognized that such factors can change the value of radio-opacity but not the relative ranking compared to standard thicknesses of an internal standard such as aluminium. This test may be performed with conventional or digital sensoring techniques of dental X-ray apparatus.
ISO 13116:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 11.060.10 - Dental materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 13116:2014 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 18028-1:2006. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 13116:2014 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13116
First edition
2014-11-01
Dentistry — Test Method for
Determining Radio-Opacity of Materials
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Méthodes de détermination de la radio
opacité des matériaux
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 1
5 Sampling . 1
6 Apparatus . 2
6.1 Suitable moulds for constructing samples of the test-material . 2
6.2 Screw micrometer gauge, or equivalent device . 2
6.3 Aluminium step wedge . 2
6.4 Dental X-ray unit . 2
6.5 Dental X-ray sensor . 2
7 Test conditions and procedures . 3
7.1 Test conditions . 3
7.2 Preparation of test specimens . 3
7.3 Test procedure for analogue equipment . 3
7.4 Test procedure for digital equipment. 3
8 Treatment of results . 4
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 1, Filling and
restorative materials.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13116:2014(E)
Dentistry — Test Method for Determining Radio-Opacity of
Materials
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test methods for determination of radio-opacity of a test material
by reference to a specimen of an aluminium standard. The method is designed to discriminate radio-
opacity at a clinically meaningful level and is not designed to take account of factors which may affect
precise, inherent values of radio-opacity such as background noise, X-ray beam power, grey scale
correction and image enhancement. It is recognized that such factors can change the value of radio-
opacity but not the relative ranking compared to standard thicknesses of an internal standard such
as aluminium. This test may be performed with conventional or digital sensoring techniques of dental
X-ray apparatus.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3665, Photography — Intra-oral dental radiographic film and film packets — Manufacturer specifications
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of
dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 apply.
4 Requirements
This International Standard does not set pass/fail limits for radio-opacity. If a manufacturer claims that
a material is radio-opaque, the radio-opacity, determined in accordance with Clause 7, shall have a value
at least equivalent to the minimum level specified in the appropriate product standard requirements.
NOTE Aluminium has a radio-opacity equivalent to that
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 13116
Première édition
2014-11-01
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Méthodes
de détermination de la radio opacité
des matériaux
Dentistry — Test Method for Determining Radio-Opacity of Materials
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2014
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2014
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
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Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
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Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2014 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences . 1
5 Échantillonnage . 1
6 Dispositifs . 2
6.1 Moules nécessaires à l’élaboration des échantillons du matériau testé . 2
6.2 Jauge micrométrique d’épaisseur ou dispositif équivalent . 2
6.3 Échelle de référence en aluminium . 2
6.4 Appareil de radiologie dentaire . 2
6.5 Capteur de radiologie dentaire . 2
7 Conditions et modes opératoires de l’essai . 3
7.1 Conditions d’essai . 3
7.2 Préparation des échantillons tests. . 3
7.3 Mode opératoire de l’essai pour l’équipement analogique . 3
7.4 Mode opératoire de l’essai pour l’équipement numérique . 4
8 Traitement des résultats . 4
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
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la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant les
références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de l’élaboration
du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de brevets reçues par
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engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de
la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’OMC concernant
les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos — Informations
supplémentaires.
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 106, Médecine bucco-dentaire,
sous-comité SC 1, Produits pour obturation et restauration.
iv © ISO 2014 – Tous droits réservés
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 13116:2014(F)
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Méthodes de détermination
de la radio opacité des matériaux
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie des méthodes d’essai permettant de déterminer la radio-
opacité d’un matériau testé par référence à une échelle de référence en aluminium. La méthode est
conçue pour déterminer la radio-opacité à un niveau cliniquement significatif sans tenir compte des
facteurs susceptibles d’influer sur la précision des valeurs de radio-opacité (bruit de fond, énergie
du faisceau de rayons X, correction de l’échelle de gris, contraste de l’image). On sait que ces facteurs
peuvent modifier la valeur de la radio-opacité, mais pas son niveau relatif lors d’une comparaison avec
les épaisseurs standardisées d’un objet-test étalon réalisé en aluminium. Cet essai peut être réalisé avec
des capteurs analogiques ou numériques de dispositif de radiologie dentaire.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants, en totalité ou en partie, sont référencés de manière normative dans le présent
document et sont indispensables pour son application. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée
s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y
compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 3665, Photographie — Film et paquets de films pour la radiographie dentaire intrabuccale —
Spécifications
ISO 1942, Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire
ISO 8601, Éléments de données et formats d’échange — Échange d’information — Représentation de la date
et de l’heure
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 1942 s’appliquent.
4 Exigences
La présente Norme internationale ne fixe pas de critères de conformité pour la radio-opacité. Si un
fabricant déclare qu’un matériau est radio-opaque, la radio-opacité, déterminée conformément à
l’Article 7, doit avoir une valeur au moins équivalente au niveau minimal spécifié dans les exigences de
la norme propre à ce produit.
NOTE L’aluminium a une radio-opacité équivalente à celle de la dentine. Par conséquent, 1 mm de matériau
ayant une radio-opacité équivalente à 1 mm d’aluminium a une radio-opacité équivalente à celle de la dentine.
5 Échantillonnage
La norme de produit correspondante donne des précisions sur le mode opératoire d’échantillonnage.
NOTE Le mode opératoire normal s’applique à un échantillon issu d’un seul lot et comportant une quantité
suffisante du matériau à tester pour permettre la réalisation de l’essai prescrit. L’échantillon du produit testé est
normalement composé à partir de condit
...
The ISO 13116:2014 standard provides essential test methods for determining the radio-opacity of materials used in dentistry, ensuring a clinically relevant approach to material evaluation. Its well-defined scope highlights its role in establishing a framework for measuring radio-opacity by comparing materials to an aluminium standard, facilitating standardization across dental practices. One of the core strengths of ISO 13116:2014 lies in its ability to distinguish radio-opacity at a level that is significant for clinical practice. By focusing on a comparative assessment against established aluminium thicknesses, the standard ensures consistency in determining the efficacy of various dental materials, which is critical for both diagnostics and treatment planning. Furthermore, the standard explicitly acknowledges various external influences, such as background noise and X-ray beam power, which might affect the exact values of radio-opacity. This acknowledgment reinforces the robustness of the test methods outlined, as it allows practitioners to understand the limits of the testing conditions while still yielding reliable assessments of material properties. ISO 13116:2014 is applicable to both conventional and digital senors in dental X-ray systems, reflecting its relevance in contemporary dental practices where technology varies significantly. This adaptability signifies that the standard remains pertinent in the evolving landscape of dental imaging, providing practitioners with the flexibility to implement its methods across different technologies. In summary, ISO 13116:2014 stands out as a vital standard for determining the radio-opacity of dental materials, ensuring that practitioners have clear and effective test methods to guide their decisions. Its focus on clinically meaningful levels of radio-opacity and recognition of external influencing factors contribute to its importance in the dental field.
ISO 13116:2014は、歯科における材料の放射線不透明度を測定するための試験方法を定めた標準です。この標準文書は、アルミニウム標準試験片を参照基準として、試験材料の放射線不透明度を判断するための方法を明確に定義しています。ISO 13116:2014は、臨床的に意味のあるレベルで放射線不透明度を差別化することを目的としており、背景ノイズ、X線ビームの出力、グレースケールの補正、画像の強調など、正確な放射線不透明度の値に影響を及ぼす可能性のある要因を考慮するようには設計されていません。 この標準の強みは、放射線不透明度の相対的なランク付けが内部標準であるアルミニウムの標準厚さに対して維持されることにあります。つまり、アルミニウムと比較しての材料の相対的な評価は一貫しているため、医療現場において信頼性のあるデータを提供します。ISO 13116:2014は、従来型およびデジタル型の歯科X線装置を用いた測定が可能であり、幅広い歯科診療環境に適用できる点でも非常に重要です。 この標準化文書は、歯科分野における材料の放射線不透明度に関するベンチマークを提供し、医療従事者が実際の診療現場での材料選択において科学的根拠を基にするための有用なガイドラインとなっています。ISO 13116:2014の適用により、歯科治療の安全性と有効性を向上させることが期待されます。
ISO 13116:2014은 치과 재료의 방사선 투과성을 측정하는 방법을 규정하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 알루미늄 기준 샘플에 대한 방사선 투과성을 통해 시험 소재의 방사선 불투명도를 결정하는 테스트 방법을 명시합니다. ISO 13116:2014은 임상적으로 유의미한 수준에서 방사선 투과성을 구별할 수 있도록 설계되었으며, 방사선 투과성의 정확한 고유 값에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 배경 소음, X-선 빔 파워, 그레이 스케일 보정 및 이미지 향상과 같은 요소는 고려되지 않습니다. 이러한 요소들은 방사선 투과성의 값을 변경할 수 있지만, 알루미늄과 같은 내부 기준의 표준 두께에 대한 상대적 순위에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 인정됩니다. 이 표준의 강점은 방사선 투과성을 평가하는 방법이 명확하고 일관되며, 치과 X-선 장비의 전통적인 또는 디지털 센싱 기술을 통해 진행될 수 있도록 유연성을 제공한다는 점입니다. ISO 13116:2014의 적용 범위는 치과학에서 방사선 투과성이 중요한 역할을 하는 다양한 재료들을 평가할 수 있도록 도와줍니다. 결과적으로 이 표준은 임상 환경에서의 재료 선택에 있어 신뢰성 높은 기준을 제공하며, 치과 재료의 방사선 불투명도를 정량적으로 비교할 수 있는 유용한 도구로 기능합니다. 결론적으로, ISO 13116:2014는 방사선 투과성과 관련된 신뢰성 있는 테스트 방법을 제공하며, 이를 통해 치과 재료의 진단 및 치료적 수명을 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 역할을 합니다.














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