ISO 21849:2022
(Main)Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product identification and traceability
Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product identification and traceability
This document specifies the requirements for a product identification and traceability schema for life cycle management of aircraft and space products/parts. It specifies the minimum essential identification information needed for traceability of a product for its life cycle. It also provides the data structures for use with automatic identification technologies that support product/part life cycle data management activities. This document defines a structure and rules for establishing a unique identifier for product/part identification and traceability. The rules and structure provide sufficient options to support various business practices. They provide the minimum amount of standardization required to support interoperability, improved business processes and efficiency across multiple users and applications of machine-readable media technologies. This document also defines and establishes repeatable processes to allow efficient exchange of product data for life cycle product/part traceability, configuration, reliability, maintenance, and product performance management purposes. It specifies the data carriers appropriate for representing the product data in a machine-readable form and associated dimensional and quality parameters. Specific implementation guidelines can be developed by industries or trading partners to employ the principles defined in this document. Although primarily intended for aircraft and space products/parts, this document can be used for other products/parts where desired.
Aéronautique et espace — Données industrielles — Identification des produits et traçabilité
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21849
Second edition
2022-01
Aircraft and space — Industrial
data — Product identification and
traceability
Aéronautique et espace — Données industrielles — Identification des
produits et traçabilité
Reference number
ISO 21849:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 21849:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 21849:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Product/part identification and traceability process . 3
4.1 General provisions . 3
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram . 4
4.3 Conformance classes . 5
5 Conformance class 1 . 5
5.1 Purpose . 5
5.2 Detailed requirements . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 New serialized product/part requirements . 7
5.2.3 In-service serialized product/part requirements . 7
5.2.4 Examples of serialized product/part marking . 8
5.2.5 Requirements for product/parts identified by lot . 9
6 Conformance class 2 . 9
6.1 Purpose . 9
6.2 Detailed requirements . 10
6.3 Recommended process . 10
7 Data formats .10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Text element identifiers . 11
7.3 GS1 application identifiers . 11
7.4 ASC MH10 data identifiers . 12
8 Product/part marking .12
8.1 Direct .12
8.2 Label or nameplate .12
8.3 Marking symbology . 12
8.3.1 Matrix symbol .12
8.3.2 Linear bar code . 13
8.4 Marking layout .13
8.4.1 Permanent identification . 13
8.4.2 Product/part identifier. 13
8.4.3 Matrix symbol spacing . 13
8.4.4 Examples . 13
8.5 Human translation . 13
8.6 Extended data content . 15
8.6.1 General .15
8.6.2 Data content . .15
8.6.3 Example of a data structure using XML . 15
8.7 Limited marking space procedure . 16
8.8 General requirements for permanent product/part identification. 16
8.9 Detailed requirements for symbols . 17
8.9.1 Dimensional parameters . 17
8.9.2 Symbol conformance . 17
Annex A (normative) Data dictionary: essential data elements .19
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary: optional/other data elements .24
Annex C (informative) Life cycle traceability .33
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
Annex D (normative) GS1 application identifier (AI) equivalencies .35
Annex E (normative) ASC MH10 data identifier (DI) (codified in ISO/IEC 15418)
equivalencies .37
Annex F (informative) Encoding comparison .39
Annex G (normative) Legacy part identification schema .40
Annex H (informative) Data exchange .41
Annex I (informative) RFID tag .43
Annex J (informative) Quality level, directly marked matrix symbols .45
Bibliography .46
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 21849:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— In 5.2, A.8, B.8 and B.15, included an option for use of the enterprise identifier MFR as equal to CAG
with 5-character enterprise identifier assigned by the issuing agencies with issuing agency codes
(IAC) VFS and KRU.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
Introduction
The accuracy of data collected and exchanged by trading partners can be improved by using automatic
identification technologies in lieu of manual key entry. Automatic identification technologies include
matrix symbologies, linear bar code and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (Annex I).
Employment of automatic identification technology provides an accurate, timely and efficient method
of data entry and facilitates data transfer and storage for computerized information management
systems.
This document defines and establishes a repeatable process and data structure for product
identification and traceability that supports life cycle management of a product regardless of ownership
and configuration changes (Annex C). Use of the product identification and traceability guidelines
described in this document enables repeatable processes for error free data entry, part tracking,
dispatch, inventory, maintenance, import/export, detection of unapproved parts and repairs. Most
importantly, a repeatable process and data structure allows industry partners to share data efficiently
(Annex H). The macro-processes of product data management, asset management, configuration
management, reliability and maintenance management, and product performance management are the
direct beneficiaries of the product identification and traceability schema defined in this document.
Establishment of a common set of data and well-defined definitions and formats for product
identification and traceability provides the base on which to build specific requirements for the
exchange of product life cycle information. The specific requirements that the product identification
and traceability schema defined in this document fulfils are as follows:
— to provide a unique, permanent identification for the life of the product;
— to provide a schema which meets engineering, operational, and logistics identification and
traceability needs;
— to use machine-readable media to obtain accurate and timely data;
— to provide a schema which is independent of marking, symbology and recording media technology;
and
— to provide a structure which allows data to be exchanged without the use of data mappers (cross-
reference/translation tables), throughout an enterprise and with trading partners, while taking
advantage of the World Wide Web.
The focus of this document is industrial products within the aircraft and space sectors. Industrial
products have a life cycle measured in years, normally are repairable, and often are upgraded to a new
configuration; change of ownership over their life cycle is commonplace. Normally industrial products
are not sold in the retail marketplace.
The decision to use automated identification processes should be a cooperative effort by trading
partners within an industry and between industries to achieve more timely data input, data accuracy
and increased productivity with decreased costs.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21849:2022(E)
Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product
identification and traceability
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for a product identification and traceability schema for
life cycle management of aircraft and space products/parts. It specifies the minimum essential
identification information needed for traceability of a product for its life cycle. It also provides the data
structures for use with automatic identification technologies that support product/part life cycle data
management activities.
This document defines a structure and rules for establishing a unique identifier for product/part
identification and traceability. The rules and structure provide sufficient options to support various
business practices. They provide the minimum amount of standardization required to support
interoperability, improved business processes and efficiency across multiple users and applications of
machine-readable media technologies.
This document also defines and establishes repeatable processes to allow efficient exchange of product
data for life cycle product/part traceability, configuration, reliability, maintenance, and product
performance management purposes.
It specifies the data carriers appropriate for representing the product data in a machine-readable form
and associated dimensional and quality parameters.
Specific implementation guidelines can be developed by industries or trading partners to employ the
principles defined in this document.
Although primarily intended for aircraft and space products/parts, this document can be used for other
products/parts where desired.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO 8601-1:2019, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules
ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar
code symbol print quality test specification — Two-dimensional symbols
ISO/IEC 15416, Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code print quality test
specification — Linear symbols
ISO/IEC 15417, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Code
128 bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 15418, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — GS1
Application Identifiers and ASC MH10 Data Identifiers and maintenance
ISO/IEC 15434, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Syntax
for high-capacity ADC media
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
ISO/IEC 15459-2, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 2: Registration procedures
ISO/IEC 15459-3, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 3: Common rules
ISO/IEC 15459-4, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 4: Individual products and product packages
ISO/IEC 15459-6, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 6: Groupings
ISO/IEC 16022, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data
Matrix bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 16388, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Code
39 bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 18004, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR
Code bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary
Common Support Data Dictionary (CSDD), Air Transport Association
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C
GS1 General Specifications, GS1
SAE AS9132(EN9132) (SJAC9132), Data Matrix Quality Requirements for Parts Marking
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
alphanumeric
character set that contains both letters and digits and may contain special characters
3.2
conformance class
category of data representation specified in terms of the variability allowed for the data content
3.3
data delimiter
character or set of characters which separates data elements in a string of data elements
3.4
enterprise identifier
code uniquely assigned to an enterprise by an issuing agency
Note 1 to entry: The issuing agencies shall be assigned by the registration authority of ISO/IEC 15459-2.
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
Note 2 to entry: The term "enterprise identifier" is equal to the term "Company Identifying Number" defined in
ISO/IEC 15459-3.
3.5
forward oblique stroke
/
special character used to separate data elements in a data string
Note 1 to entry: It is character value 47 in ISO 646.
3.6
in-service product/part
product/part for which the original manufacturing process, including application of the identification
symbology, has been completed and which is no longer an asset of the manufacturer or portion of the
enterprise which owns the manufacturing process
3.7
limited marking space
space available on the product/part which is insufficient for a machine-readable symbol and associated
human translation representing the essential data for the conformance class (3.2)
3.8
optional data
data which is not essential to provide a unique identifier for product/part identification or configuration
management/control (part number), but provides supplementary information relative to the product/
part
EXAMPLE Traceability data.
3.9
syntax
set of rules defining the way in which data is put together with appropriate identifiers, delimiters,
separator character(s), and other non-data characters to form messages
Note 1 to entry: Syntax is equivalent to grammar in spoken language.
3.10
text element identifier
TEI
string of four characters (three upper-case alpha characters followed by a space character) that
precedes a given data field and defines the data that follow
4 Product/part identification and traceability process
4.1 General provisions
In order that automated processes can be used to identify and facilitate “cradle to grave” traceability of
products/parts, a product identification and traceability schema is defined in this document.
The use of text element identifiers is the preferred semantic for use in this process. GS1 application
identifiers or ASC MH10 data identifiers may be used with trading partner agreement.
The standard data and formats described herein are structured to be compatible/interoperable
with most types of machine-readable media and human translation. Standard data formats for the
identification of both new and in-service products/parts are provided. The use of two conformance
classes allows the product identification schema to be widely employed.
The architecture of unique identification using a single data construct shall be referenced as defined in
ISO/IEC 15459-3, ISO/IEC 15459-4, ISO/IEC 15459-6.
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
The applicable character set to be used for data encoding shall be the International Reference Version
(IRV) of ISO/IEC 646.
For direct part marking, Data Matrix (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16022) or QR Code (in accordance
with ISO/IEC 18004) shall be used. Direct part marking is considered the most permanent of the
machine-readable media techniques for providing life cycle identification of products/parts.
NOTE Unless otherwise stated, this document uses the term “matrix symbol” to refer to both Data Matrix
and QR Code symbols.
For labelling or nameplates, either a matrix symbol, as above, or linear bar codes, namely Code 128 (in
accordance with ISO/IEC 15417) or Code 39 (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16388) shall be used.
This document makes provision for the use of RFID tags for the representation of both static and
dynamic data in a tag affixed to the part, to enable additional operational processes to be performed.
This document also provides a legacy product/part identification schema, which is defined in Annex G.
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
Figure 1 is a decision tree diagram which illustrates
— the product/part identification and traceability schema,
— the three essential product/part identification data elements, and
— the difference between a serialized and a non-serialized product/part.
a
Permanent identification which shall be used for a lot of products/parts.
Figure 1 — Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
Permanent identification for the life cycle of the product/part includes both the enterprise identification
and the serial or lot number contained in a matrix symbol or on a label. The product/part identification
(part number), which is used primarily for configuration management, is in a separate/second matrix
symbol or on a separate/second label. This schema allows the product/part identification number to be
updated when the form, fit or function changes without altering the permanent identification matrix
symbol or label.
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ISO 21849:2022(E)
4.3 Conformance classes
Permanent machine-readable media product/part identification has two approaches to the
representation of data, known as conformance classes. The conformance classes shall apply to direct
part marking, labels, nameplates, RFID tags and other forms of machine-readable media. The data
elements associated with the two conformance classes are specified in Tables 1 and 2. Any stream of
data complying with a conformance class specified in Table 1 or Table 2 may be input to product life
cycle processes and be represented in machine-readable media.
Conformance class 1 is the approach using only specified TEI data elements. Using specified well-
defined data elements minimizes transmission, storage and retrieval times. Trading partners may agree
on adding additional traceability data elements. conformance class 1 is intended for those products/
parts which require life cycle traceability for decades; for example, industrial products like aircraft,
ships, turbine engines and conveyance power generation equipment.
Conformance class 2 provides a more flexible approach which can require more marking space and
time to exchange data than conformance class 1. Conformance class 2 provides examples of product/
part identifiers to be used in place of the precisely defined standardized data elements in conformance
class 1. Conformance class 2 is intended for use by trading partners who have product/part identifiers
already in place, for which a business case cannot be made to change to conformance class 1 specific
identification requirements. Trading partners shall agree on the product/part identifiers to be used for
conformance class 2 and may agree on additional data elements.
Trading partners need to agree on which conformance class to employ in order to obtain interoperability
between multiple users, but conformance class 1 shall be the default
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21849
Second edition
Aircraft and space — Industrial
data — Product identification and
traceability
Aéronautique et espace — Données industrielles — Identification des
produits et traçabilité
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 21849:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 21849:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 21849:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Product/part identification and traceability process . 3
4.1 General provisions . 3
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram . 4
4.3 Conformance classes . 5
5 Conformance class 1 . 5
5.1 Purpose . 5
5.2 Detailed requirements . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 New serialized product/part requirements . 7
5.2.3 In-service serialized product/part requirements . 7
5.2.4 Examples of serialized product/part marking . 8
5.2.5 Requirements for product/parts identified by lot . 9
6 Conformance class 2 . 9
6.1 Purpose . 9
6.2 Detailed requirements . 10
6.3 Recommended process . 10
7 Data formats .10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Text element identifiers . 11
7.3 GS1 application identifiers . 11
7.4 ASC MH10 data identifiers . 12
8 Product/part marking .12
8.1 Direct .12
8.2 Label or nameplate .12
8.3 Marking symbology . 12
8.3.1 Matrix symbol .12
8.3.2 Linear bar code . 13
8.4 Marking layout .13
8.4.1 Permanent identification . 13
8.4.2 Product/part identifier. 13
8.4.3 Matrix symbol spacing . 13
8.4.4 Examples . 13
8.5 Human translation . 13
8.6 Extended data content . 15
8.6.1 General .15
8.6.2 Data content . .15
8.6.3 Example of a data structure using XML . 15
8.7 Limited marking space procedure . 16
8.8 General requirements for permanent product/part identification. 16
8.9 Detailed requirements for symbols . 17
8.9.1 Dimensional parameters . 17
8.9.2 Symbol conformance . 17
Annex A (normative) Data dictionary: essential data elements .19
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary: optional/other data elements .24
Annex C (informative) Life cycle traceability .33
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
Annex D (normative) GS1 application identifier (AI) equivalencies .35
Annex E (normative) ASC MH10 data identifier (DI) (codified in ISO/IEC 15418)
equivalencies .37
Annex F (informative) Encoding comparison .39
Annex G (normative) Legacy part identification schema .40
Annex H (informative) Data exchange .41
Annex I (informative) RFID tag .43
Annex J (informative) Quality level, directly marked matrix symbols .45
Bibliography .46
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 21849:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— In 5.2, A.8, B.8 and B.15, included an option for use of the enterprise identifier MFR as equal to CAG
with 5-character enterprise identifier assigned by the issuing agencies with issuing agency codes
(IAC) VFS and KRU.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
Introduction
The accuracy of data collected and exchanged by trading partners can be improved by using automatic
identification technologies in lieu of manual key entry. Automatic identification technologies include
matrix symbologies, linear bar code and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (Annex I).
Employment of automatic identification technology provides an accurate, timely and efficient method
of data entry and facilitates data transfer and storage for computerized information management
systems.
This document defines and establishes a repeatable process and data structure for product
identification and traceability that supports life cycle management of a product regardless of ownership
and configuration changes (Annex C). Use of the product identification and traceability guidelines
described in this document enables repeatable processes for error free data entry, part tracking,
dispatch, inventory, maintenance, import/export, detection of unapproved parts and repairs. Most
importantly, a repeatable process and data structure allows industry partners to share data efficiently
(Annex H). The macro-processes of product data management, asset management, configuration
management, reliability and maintenance management, and product performance management are the
direct beneficiaries of the product identification and traceability schema defined in this document.
Establishment of a common set of data and well-defined definitions and formats for product
identification and traceability provides the base on which to build specific requirements for the
exchange of product life cycle information. The specific requirements that the product identification
and traceability schema defined in this document fulfils are as follows:
— to provide a unique, permanent identification for the life of the product;
— to provide a schema which meets engineering, operational, and logistics identification and
traceability needs;
— to use machine-readable media to obtain accurate and timely data;
— to provide a schema which is independent of marking, symbology and recording media technology;
and
— to provide a structure which allows data to be exchanged without the use of data mappers (cross-
reference/translation tables), throughout an enterprise and with trading partners, while taking
advantage of the World Wide Web.
The focus of this document is industrial products within the aircraft and space sectors. Industrial
products have a life cycle measured in years, normally are repairable, and often are upgraded to a new
configuration; change of ownership over their life cycle is commonplace. Normally industrial products
are not sold in the retail marketplace.
The decision to use automated identification processes should be a cooperative effort by trading
partners within an industry and between industries to achieve more timely data input, data accuracy
and increased productivity with decreased costs.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21849:2021(E)
Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product
identification and traceability
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for a product identification and traceability schema for
life cycle management of aircraft and space products/parts. It specifies the minimum essential
identification information needed for traceability of a product for its life cycle. It also provides the data
structures for use with automatic identification technologies that support product/part life cycle data
management activities.
This document defines a structure and rules for establishing a unique identifier for product/part
identification and traceability. The rules and structure provide sufficient options to support various
business practices. They provide the minimum amount of standardization required to support
interoperability, improved business processes and efficiency across multiple users and applications of
machine-readable media technologies.
This document also defines and establishes repeatable processes to allow efficient exchange of product
data for life cycle product/part traceability, configuration, reliability, maintenance, and product
performance management purposes.
It specifies the data carriers appropriate for representing the product data in a machine-readable form
and associated dimensional and quality parameters.
Specific implementation guidelines can be developed by industries or trading partners to employ the
principles defined in this document.
Although primarily intended for aircraft and space products/parts, this document can be used for other
products/parts where desired.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO 8601-1:2019, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules
ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar
code symbol print quality test specification — Two-dimensional symbols
ISO/IEC 15416, Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code print quality test
specification — Linear symbols
ISO/IEC 15417, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Code
128 bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 15418, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — GS1
Application Identifiers and ASC MH10 Data Identifiers and maintenance
ISO/IEC 15434, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Syntax
for high-capacity ADC media
1
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
ISO/IEC 15459-2, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 2: Registration procedures
ISO/IEC 15459-3, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 3: Common rules
ISO/IEC 15459-4, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 4: Individual products and product packages
ISO/IEC 15459-6, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
Unique identification — Part 6: Groupings
ISO/IEC 16022, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data
Matrix bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 16388, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Code
39 bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 18004, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR
Code bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary
Common Support Data Dictionary (CSDD), Air Transport Association
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C
GS1 General Specifications, GS1
SAE AS9132(EN9132) (SJAC9132), Data Matrix Quality Requirements for Parts Marking
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
alphanumeric
character set that contains both letters and digits and may contain special characters
3.2
conformance class
category of data representation specified in terms of the variability allowed for the data content
3.3
data delimiter
character or set of characters which separates data elements in a string of data elements
3.4
enterprise identifier
code uniquely assigned to an enterprise by an issuing agency
Note 1 to entry: The issuing agencies shall be assigned by the registration authority of ISO/IEC 15459-2.
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
Note 2 to entry: The term "enterprise identifier" is equal to the term "Company Identifying Number" defined in
ISO/IEC 15459-3.
3.5
forward oblique stroke
/
special character used to separate data elements in a data string
Note 1 to entry: It is character value 47 in ISO 646.
3.6
in-service product/part
product/part for which the original manufacturing process, including application of the identification
symbology, has been completed and which is no longer an asset of the manufacturer or portion of the
enterprise which owns the manufacturing process
3.7
limited marking space
space available on the product/part which is insufficient for a machine-readable symbol and associated
human translation representing the essential data for the conformance class (3.2)
3.8
optional data
data which is not essential to provide a unique identifier for product/part identification or configuration
management/control (part number), but provides supplementary information relative to the product/
part
EXAMPLE Traceability data.
3.9
syntax
set of rules defining the way in which data is put together with appropriate identifiers, delimiters,
separator character(s), and other non-data characters to form messages
Note 1 to entry: Syntax is equivalent to grammar in spoken language.
3.10
text element identifier
TEI
string of four characters (three upper-case alpha characters followed by a space character) that
precedes a given data field and defines the data that follow
4 Product/part identification and traceability process
4.1 General provisions
In order that automated processes can be used to identify and facilitate “cradle to grave” traceability of
products/parts, a product identification and traceability schema is defined in this document.
The use of text element identifiers is the preferred semantic for use in this process. GS1 application
identifiers or ASC MH10 data identifiers may be used with trading partner agreement.
The standard data and formats described herein are structured to be compatible/interoperable
with most types of machine-readable media and human translation. Standard data formats for the
identification of both new and in-service products/parts are provided. The use of two conformance
classes allows the product identification schema to be widely employed.
The architecture of unique identification using a single data construct shall be referenced as defined in
ISO/IEC 15459-3, ISO/IEC 15459-4, ISO/IEC 15459-6.
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
The applicable character set to be used for data encoding shall be the International Reference Version
(IRV) of ISO/IEC 646.
For direct part marking, Data Matrix (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16022) or QR Code (in accordance
with ISO/IEC 18004) shall be used. Direct part marking is considered the most permanent of the
machine-readable media techniques for providing life cycle identification of products/parts.
NOTE Unless otherwise stated, this document uses the term “matrix symbol” to refer to both Data Matrix
and QR Code symbols.
For labelling or nameplates, either a matrix symbol, as above, or linear bar codes, namely Code 128 (in
accordance with ISO/IEC 15417) or Code 39 (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16388) shall be used.
This document makes provision for the use of RFID tags for the representation of both static and
dynamic data in a tag affixed to the part, to enable additional operational processes to be performed.
This document also provides a legacy product/part identification schema, which is defined in Annex G.
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
Figure 1 is a decision tree diagram which illustrates
— the product/part identification and traceability schema,
— the three essential product/part identification data elements, and
— the difference between a serialized and a non-serialized product/part.
a
Permanent identification which shall be used for a lot of products/parts.
Figure 1 — Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
Permanent identification for the life cycle of the product/part includes both the enterprise identification
and the serial or lot number contained in a matrix symbol or on a label. The product/part identification
(part number), which is used primarily for configuration management, is in a separate/second matrix
symbol or on a separate/second label. This schema allows the product/part identification number to be
updated when the form, fit or function changes without altering the permanent identification matrix
symbol or label.
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ISO 21849:2021(E)
4.3 Conformance classes
Permanent machine-readable media product/part identification has two approaches to the
representation of data, known as conformance classes. The conformance classes shall apply to direct
part marking, labels, nameplates, RFID tags and other forms of machine-readable media. The data
elements associated with the two conformance classes are specified in Tables 1 and 2. Any stream of
data complying with a conformance class specified in Table 1 or Table 2 may be input to product life
cycle processes and be represented in machine-readable media.
Conformance class 1 is the approach using only specified TEI data elements. Using specified well-
defined data elements minimizes transmission, storage and retrieval times. Trading partners may agree
on adding additional traceability data elements. conformance class 1 is intended for those products/
parts which require life cycle traceability for decades; for example, industrial products like aircraft,
ships, turbine engines and conveyance power generation equipment.
Conformance class 2 provides a more flexible approach which can require more marking space and
time to exchange data than conformance class 1. conformance class 2 provides examples of product/
part identifiers to be used in place of the precisely defined standardized data elements in conformance
class 1. Conformance class 2 is intended for use by trading partners who have product/part identifiers
already in place, for which a business case cannot be made to change to conformance class 1 specific
identification requirements. Trading partners shall agree on the product/part identifiers to be used for
conformance class 2 and may agree on additional data elements.
Trading partners need to agree on which conformance
...
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