ISO/TS 15011-5:2006
(Main)Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases — Part 5: Identification of thermal-degradation products generated when welding or cutting through products composed wholly or partly of organic materials
Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases — Part 5: Identification of thermal-degradation products generated when welding or cutting through products composed wholly or partly of organic materials
ISO/TS 15011-5:2006 specifies procedures for obtaining information about thermal degradation products generated when welding, cutting through, preheating and straightening products composed wholly or partly of organic substances, e.g. shop primers, paints, adhesives, waxes, sealants, pressing lubricant, oils, etc. It is aimed primarily at test laboratories performing such procedures. The data generated may be used by product manufacturers to provide information for inclusion in safety data sheets and by occupational hygienists to identify thermal degradation products of significance in the performance of risk assessments and/or workplace exposure measurements. The data cannot be used to estimate workplace exposure directly. ISO/TS 15011-5:2006 is applicable to all products composed partly or wholly of organic materials that could be heated, during welding and cutting, to temperatures at which thermal degradation products are generated and where it is not apparent what those degradation products will be.
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes — Méthode de laboratoire d'échantillonnage des fumées et des gaz — Partie 5: Identification des produits de dégradation thermique générés lors du soudage ou du coupage de produits entièrement ou partiellement constitués de matériaux organiques
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15011-5
First edition
2006-03-15
Health and safety in welding and allied
processes — Laboratory method for
sampling fume and gases —
Part 5:
Identification of thermal-degradation
products generated when welding or
cutting through products composed
wholly or partly of organic materials
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes — Méthode de
laboratoire d'échantillonnage des fumées et des gaz —
Partie 5: Identification des produits de dégradation thermique générés
lors du soudage ou du coupage de produits entièrement ou
partiellement constitués de matériaux organiques
Reference number
ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Procedure . 2
5.1 Screening tests to identify thermal degradation products. 2
5.2 Production of safety data sheet information .2
5.3 Production of user-specific risk assessment data. 3
5.4 Data handling . 3
6 Use and comprehensiveness of data on thermal degradation products. 3
6.1 Use of data on thermal degradation products. 3
6.2 Comprehensiveness of data on thermal degradation products . 3
7 Test report . 3
Annex A (normative) Screening tests to identify thermal degradation products. 5
Annex B (normative) Procedures for determination of thermal degradation products. 7
Annex C (informative) Sampling chambers. 10
Annex D (normative) Sampling and analytical procedures . 13
Annex E (informative) Example of a test report sheet. 15
Annex F (informative) Examples of suitable test conditions for arc welding . 16
Annex G (informative) Use of data on thermal degradation products. 17
Bibliography . 18
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 15011-5 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding
and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 9, Health and safety, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO/TS 15011 consists of the following parts, under the general title Health and safety in welding and allied
processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases:
⎯ Part 1: Determination of emission rate and sampling for analysis of particulate fume
⎯ Part 2: Determination of emission rates of gases, except ozone
⎯ Part 3: Determination of ozone concentration using fixed point measurements
⎯ Part 4: Fume data sheets
⎯ Part 5: Identification of thermal-degradation products generated when welding or cutting through products
composed wholly or partly of organic materials [Technical Specification]
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
Introduction
Welding and cutting activities generate fumes and gases that can be harmful to health and that must be
controlled within limits laid down in regulations. To assess the risks to health arising from such activities it is
necessary to acquire knowledge of the quantity and composition of the fumes and gases emitted.
[1] [2]
ISO 15011-1 and ISO 15011-2 have been promulgated to generate these data when welding with
consumables comprised mainly of metals and other inorganic substances. However, it is now common
practice in the welding industry to weld or cut through a range of products including coatings such as shop
primers, paints, oils, waxes and pressing lubricants, and inter-weld materials such as adhesives and sealants.
When heated, these products, which can be composed wholly or partly of organic materials, typically give rise
to a wide range of thermal degradation products, the composition of which is difficult to predict from a
knowledge of the product composition. It is expected that the composition of these degradation products will
depend upon the temperatures encountered during welding and cutting activities and that a range of
temperatures will exist for every activity due to the existence of temperature profiles within the material being
processed.
As a result, several fume generation methods, providing temperatures and temperature profiles similar to
those generated by welding processes and parameters used in the workplace, will be required to provide the
data. Therefore, the purpose of this Technical Specification is to describe procedures that may be used to
make semi-quantitative measurements of the organic components generated when welding and cutting
through the products mentioned above, with a view to identifying those components that are significant
hygienically. The data generated may be used to provide information on degradation products for use in safety
data sheets. The degradation products identified in these tests may then be measured quantitatively using
existing standards for measuring emission rate or by monitoring workplace atmospheres directly.
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this Technical Specification should be directed to the
Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 9 via your national standards body, a complete listing of which can be found at
www.iso.org.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory
method for sampling fume and gases —
Part 5:
Identification of thermal-degradation products generated when
welding or cutting through products composed wholly or partly
of organic materials
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies procedures for obtaining information about thermal degradation
products generated when welding, cutting through, preheating and straightening products composed wholly or
partly of organic substances, e.g. shop primers, paints, adhesives, waxes, sealants, pressing lubricant, oils,
etc. It is aimed primarily at test laboratories performing such procedures. The data generated may be used by
product manufacturers to provide information for inclusion in safety data sheets and by occupational
hygienists to identify thermal degradation products of significance in the performance of risk assessments
and/or workplace exposure measurements. The data cannot be used to estimate workplace exposure directly.
This Technical Specification is applicable to all products composed partly or wholly of organic materials that
could be heated, during welding and cutting, to temperatures at which thermal degradation products are
generated and where it is not apparent what those degradation products will be.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14327, Resistance welding — Procedures for determining the weldability lobe for resistance spot,
projection and seam welding
ISO 14373, Resistance welding — Procedure for spot welding of uncoated and coated low carbon steels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
chemical agent
any chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced,
used or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and
whether or not placed on the market
[3]
[Council Directive 98/24/EC ]
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
3.2
limit value
reference figure for the concentration of a chemical or biological agent in air
3.3
welding primer
film material that is applied to an unpainted steel surface for protective purposes which does not have to be
removed prior to welding and does not prevent the making of an acceptable weld
3.4
weld-through sealant
mastic, gap-filling material that is applied prior to welding to an unpainted steel surface for non-pressure
sealing purposes and does not prevent the making of an acceptable weld
3.5
weld-through adhesive
polymer that is applied prior to welding to a primed or unpainted steel surface for the purpose of bonding but
does not prevent the making of an acceptable weld
3.6
weld-through waxes
material composed of esterified fatty acids that is applied to afford protection and act as a lubricant during
pressing operations and which does not prevent the making of an acceptable weld
4 Principle
The product under investigation, or a test piece to which the product under investigation has been applied, is
heated using one of a number of test procedures and the thermal degradation products generated are
collected and analysed using a range of sampling and analysis techniques. The test is carried out inside a
sampling chamber (see Annex C), where appropriate, in order to isolate the thermal degradation products
from other airborne contaminants. Enclosing the sampling operation also serves to concentrate the products
generated, reducing sampling times and improving analytical detection limits.
5 Procedure
5.1 Screening tests to identify thermal degradation products
Perform screening tests to identify thermal degradation products of interest using the pyrolysis procedure
specified in A.1 or the heating procedure specified in A.2. Use the results to establish a measurement strategy
to be used in the laboratory welding and cutting tests specified in 5.2.
5.2 Production of safety data sheet information
Weld or cut test pieces using the relevant procedure(s) for the product under test.
⎯ For arc and plasma welding and cutting processes, use the procedure given in B.1.
⎯ For resistance welding, use the procedure given in B.2.
⎯ For flame processes, use the procedure given in B.3.
Sample and analyse the resulting thermal degradation products using appropriate techniques selected from
those described in Annex D, according to the measurement strategy derived in 5.1.
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
5.3 Production of user-specific risk assessment data
Generate thermal degradation products for analysis by simulating, as far as possible, the process, conditions
and materials used in the workplace. Sample and analyse the thermal degradation products using appropriate
techniques selected from those described in Annex D, according to the measurement strategy derived in 5.1.
5.4 Data handling
Evaluate the data to identify the thermal degradation products of the greatest hygienic significance. Refer to
[4]
ISO 16000-6 for guidance.
6 Use and comprehensiveness of data on thermal degradation products
6.1 Use of data on thermal degradation products
Information on the use of data on thermal degradation products generated using the procedures described in
this Technical Specification is given in Annex G.
6.2 Comprehensiveness of data on thermal degradation products
The required comprehensiveness of the data to be generated is determined by the use for the product that
can reasonably be anticipated.
Data for use in safety data sheets shall be generated under conditions, i.e. temperature, product thickness,
etc that are representative of the products intended use.
When data are required to perform a risk assessment for a specific workplace activity or to identify thermal
degradation products requiring exposure measurement, generation of thermal degradation products shall be
carried out using test conditions that mimic the workplace conditions as closely as possible. Such data are
only valid for the specific conditions used for their generation.
7 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) a reference to this Technical Specification, i.e. ISO/TS 15011-5:2006;
b) the name and address of the product manufacturer or supplier;
c) the type of product and/or the trade name of the product tested;
d) the test method used;
e) the name and address of the test laboratory;
f) the date the test report was issued;
g) the lot number of the product tested;
h) any deviation from the procedures specified in this Technical Specification, unusual occurrences or other
notable observations;
i) full details of each set of conditions under which the product was tested; and
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
j) semi-quantitative data on the chemical composition of the thermal degradation products generated under
each set of test conditions, expressed relative to the principal degradation product.
An example of a test report sheet is given in Annex E.
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Screening tests to identify thermal degradation products
A.1 Pyrolysis
A.1.1 Heat source
Generate thermal degradation products from the product under evaluation by heating in a high frequency
induction furnace coupled to a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry system. Other suitable furnaces may
also be used, but the test pieces, test conditions and sampling and analysis procedure might need to be
varied from those specified in A.1.2, A.1.3 and A.1.4.
A.1.2 Test pieces
Prepare a series of test pieces which, when heated in a high frequency induction furnace, will produce a range
of different test temperatures. Apply small samples of the product under evaluation to range of sample carriers
made of ferromagnetic alloys with different Curie temperatures.
A.1.3 Test conditions
Carry out a series of tests in which the product under evaluation is heated to a number of different
temperatures within the scope of the pyrolysis technique, e.g. up to about 900 °C. Achieve this by using a
series of test pieces prepared by applying the product under evaluation to a range of sample carriers with
different Curie temperatures (see A.1.2).
A.1.4 Sampling and analysis
Heat the test pieces (A.1.2) in the induction furnace (A.1.1) by applying a high frequency field and pass the
resulting thermal degradation products directly into a suitable analytical instrument, e.g. a gas chromatograph
with a mass spectrometer detector, through a heated transfer line. Carry out the tests specified in A.1.3 and
record the test conditions used.
A.2 Thermal decomposition in a furnace
A.2.1 Heat source
Generate thermal degradation products from the product under evaluation by heating in a furnace equipped
with semi-embedded elements that offer fast heat-up to temperatures of 500 °C or above.
A.2.2 Test pieces
Manufacture test pieces by applying the product under evaluation to small circles of aluminium foil, e.g.
20 mm in diameter. Use application procedures, application rates and drying times that are typical for the
product when in commercial use. Alternatively, produce test pieces by taking samples of suitable dimensions
from an article to which the product has already been applied, using a process that does not lead to the test
pieces becoming excessively hot.
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ISO/TS 15011-5:2006(E)
A.2.3 Test conditions
Carry out a series of tests in which the product under evaluation is heated to a number of different
temperatures within the operating range of the furnace, e.g. between 200 °C and 500 °C. Place the test piece
in a glass tube and insert it into the furnace so that the test piece ends u
...
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