ISO 14127:2024

Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites — Determination of the resin, fibre and void contents

This document specifies methods for calculating the resin, fibre and void contents of a carbon-fibre-reinforced composite from the densities of the resin, the fibre and the composite and the mass of fibre in the composite (using method A), for calculating the fibre content from the thickness of the composite (using method B), and for calculating the fibre content by volume and areal void content through microscopic analysis (using method C). Method A specifies three different resin removal procedures for the determination of the mass of fibre in the composite (viz a combustion procedure, a procedure by digestion in nitric acid and a procedure by digestion in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide). The selection of the procedure to be used is made by considering the combustibility of the resin used in the composite, its ability to decompose and the type of resin concerned. Method A is only of limited applicability when filled resins are present that can prevent complete dissolution and/or combustibility of the resin. Method B (thickness measurement method) is only applicable to composites moulded from prepregs of known fibre mass per unit area. Method C (microscopic method) is only applicable to carbon-fibre-reinforced composites with unidirectional, orthogonal and multidirectional laminates. It can also be used as reference for determination of the areal void content and fibre volume content of aramid- or glass-fibre-reinforced plastics, but is not applicable to fabric reinforced composites.

Composites renforcés de fibres de carbone — Détermination des teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide

L'ISO 14127:2008 spécifie des méthodes d'essai pour calculer les teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide à partir des masses volumiques de la résine, de la fibre et du composite, ainsi qu'à partir de la masse de fibres dans le composite (méthode A), et pour calculer la teneur en fibre à partir de l'épaisseur du composite (méthode B). La méthode A spécifie trois différents modes opératoires d'élimination de la résine pour déterminer la masse de fibres dans le composite (c'est-à-dire un mode opératoire par combustion, un mode opératoire de digestion par acide nitrique et un mode opératoire de digestion par mélange d'acide sulfurique et d'eau oxygénée). La sélection du mode opératoire à utiliser est faite en tenant compte de la combustibilité, de la capacité de décomposition et du type de résine utilisée dans le composite. Il est à noter que la méthode A est d'application limitée en présence de résines chargées pouvant avoir un effet sur la solubilité complète et/ou sur la combustibilité de la résine. La méthode B (méthode de mesurage de l'épaisseur) s'applique uniquement aux composites moulés à partir de préimprégnés dont on connaît la masse surfacique de fibre.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Jul-2024
• ICS: 83.120 - Reinforced plastics
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 13 - Composites and reinforcement fibres
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 13 - Composites and reinforcement fibres
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 08-Jul-2024
• Due Date: 05-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 08-Jul-2024

Relations

• Revises: ISO 14127:2008 - Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites — Determination of the resin, fibre and void contents
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO 14127
Second edition
Carbon-fibre-reinforced
2024-07
composites — Determination of the
resin, fibre and void contents
Composites renforcés de fibres de carbone — Détermination des
teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test specimens — General requirements . 2
5 Conditioning . 2
6 Method A: Resin removal method .3
6.1 Principle .3
6.1.1 Procedure A1: Combustion procedure .3
6.1.2 Procedure A2: Nitric acid digestion procedure .3
6.1.3 Procedure A3: Digestion in a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture .3
6.2 Apparatus and reagents .3
6.2.1 General .3
6.2.2 Procedure A1 .3
6.2.3 Procedure A2 .4
6.2.4 Procedure A3 .4
6.3 Test specimen .4
6.4 Procedure .5
6.4.1 Density measurements .5
6.4.2 Procedure A1 .5
6.4.3 Procedure A2 .6
6.4.4 Procedure A3 .7
6.5 Expression of results . .8
7 Method B: Thickness measurement method .9
7.1 Principle .9
7.2 Apparatus and materials .9
7.3 Test specimen .9
7.4 Procedure .9
7.5 Expression of results .9
8 Method C: Microscopic method . 10
8.1 Principle .10
8.1.1 Procedure C1: Determination of fibre volume content .10
8.1.2 Procedure C2: Determination of areal void content .10
8.2 Apparatus and materials .10
8.2.1 General .10
8.2.2 Procedure C1 .11
8.2.3 Procedure C2 .11
8.3 Test specimen .11
8.3.1 General .11
8.3.2 Specimen preparation .11
8.4 Procedure . 12
8.4.1 Procedure C1 . 12
8.4.2 Procedure C2: . 12
8.5 Expression of results . . 13
9 Precision . 14
10 Test report .15
Bibliography .16

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites
and reinforcement fibres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14127:2008), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the new method: Method C (microscopic method) as means to determinate fibre content by volume and
areal void content has been added;
— technical details related to the new method have been edited;
— procedure A3 has been modified by replacing the heating plate, beaker and watch glass with a heating
mantle and round bottom flask;
— in subclauses 4.3,6.3 and 7.3, where provisions for the number of test samples per assessment have been
newly added;
— “m ” has been corrected to “ϕ ” in Formula (4).
r r
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
The constituent contents such as fibre content, resin content as well as void content are parameters
characterize physical/structural properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites. Such properties are
proven to have influence on mechanical performances of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites; thus, the
constituent contents are always required as important index for processing quality control.
Microscopic method calculates the fibre volume content/areal void content from measured fibre area/void
area and the area of cross-section of a specimen. The principle of this method differs from method A or B,
so that me
...

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 14127
ISO/TC 61/SC 13
Carbon-fibre-reinforced
Secretariat: JISC
composites — Determination of the
Voting begins on:
resin, fibre and void contents
2024-04-23
Composites renforcés de fibres de carbone — Détermination des
Voting terminates on:
teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide
2024-06-18
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 14127:2024(en) © ISO 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 14127:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 14127
ISO/TC 61/SC 13
Carbon-fibre-reinforced
Secretariat: JISC
composites — Determination of the
Voting begins on:
resin, fibre and void contents
Composites renforcés de fibres de carbone — Détermination des
Voting terminates on:
teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 14127:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/FDIS 14127:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test specimens — General requirements . 2
5 Conditioning . 2
6 Method A: Resin removal method .3
6.1 Principle .3
6.1.1 Procedure A1: Combustion procedure .3
6.1.2 Procedure A2: Nitric acid digestion procedure .3
6.1.3 Procedure A3: Digestion in a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture .3
6.2 Apparatus and reagents .3
6.2.1 General .3
6.2.2 Procedure A1 .3
6.2.3 Procedure A2 .4
6.2.4 Procedure A3 .4
6.3 Test specimen .4
6.4 Procedure .5
6.4.1 Density measurements .5
6.4.2 Procedure A1 .5
6.4.3 Procedure A2 .6
6.4.4 Procedure A3 .7
6.5 Expression of results . .8
7 Method B: Thickness measurement method .9
7.1 Principle .9
7.2 Apparatus and materials .9
7.3 Test specimen .9
7.4 Procedure .9
7.5 Expression of results .9
8 Method C: Microscopic method . 10
8.1 Principle .10
8.1.1 Procedure C1: Determination of fibre volume content .10
8.1.2 Procedure C2: Determination of areal void content .10
8.2 Apparatus and materials .10
8.2.1 General .10
8.2.2 Procedure C1 .11
8.2.3 Procedure C2 .11
8.3 Test specimen .11
8.3.1 General .11
8.3.2 Specimen preparation .11
8.4 Procedure . 12
8.4.1 Procedure C1 . 12
8.4.2 Procedure C2: . 12
8.5 Expression of results . . 13
9 Precision . 14
10 Test report .15
Bibliography .16

iii
ISO/FDIS 14127:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites
and reinforcement fibres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14127:2008), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as fo
...

ISO/FDIS 14127:2023(E)
ISO /TC 61/SC 13/WG 2
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2024-03-3104-09
Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites — Determination of the resin,
fibre and void contents
Composites renforcés de fibres de carbone — Détermination des teneurs en résine, en fibre et en vide
FDIS stage
ISO/DISFDIS 14127:2023(E2024(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Officecopyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: [e-mail]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 14127:2023(E2024(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test specimens — General requirements . 2
5 Conditioning . 2
6 Method A: Resin removal method . 3
6.1 Principle . 3
6.1.1 Procedure A1: Combustion procedure. 3
6.1.2 Procedure A2: Nitric acid digestion procedure . 3
6.1.3 Procedure A3: Digestion in a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture . 3
6.2 Apparatus and reagents . 3
6.2.1 General. 3
6.2.2 Procedure A1 . 3
6.2.3 Procedure A2 . 4
6.2.4 Procedure A3 . 4
6.3 Test specimen . 4
6.4 Procedure . 5
6.4.1 Density measurements . 5
6.4.2 Procedure A1 . 5
6.4.3 Procedure A2 . 7
6.4.4 Procedure A3 . 7
6.5 Expression of results . 8
7 Method B: Thickness measurement method . 9
7.1 Principle . 9
7.2 Apparatus and materials . 9
7.3 Test specimen . 9
7.4 Procedure . 10
7.5 Expression of results . 10
8 Method C: Microscopic method . 11
8.1 Principle . 11
8.1.1 Procedure C1: Determination of fibre volume content . 11
8.1.2 Procedure C2: Determination of areal void content . 11
8.2 Apparatus and materials . 11
8.2.1 General. 11
8.2.2 Procedure C1 . 11
8.2.3 Procedure C2 . 12
8.3 Test specimen . 12
8.3.1 General. 12
8.3.2 Specimen preparation . 12
8.4 Procedure . 12
8.4.1 Procedure C1 . 12
8.4.2 Procedure C2: . 13
8.5 Expression of results . 13
iii
ISO/DISFDIS 14127:2023(E2024(en)
9 Precision . 15
10 Test report . 15
Bibliography . 17

Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test specimens—General requirements . 3
5 Conditioning . 3
6 Method A (Resin removal method) . 3
6.1 Principle . 3
6.2 Apparatus and materials . 4
6.3 Test specimen . 5
6.4 Procedure . 5
6.5 Expression of results . 8
7 Method B (Thickness measurement method) . 9
7.1 Principle . 9
7.2 Apparatus and materials . 9
7.3 Test specimen . 9
7.4 Procedure . 9
7.5 Expression of results . 9
8 Method C (Microscopic method) . 10
8.1 Principle . 10
8.2 Apparatus and materials . 10
8.3 Test specimen . 11
8.4 Procedure . 11
8.5 Expression of results . 13
9 Precision . 14
10 Test report . 15
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 14127:2023(E2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
...