ISO 24543:2022
(Main)Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission testing — Verification of the receiving sensitivity spectra of piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors
Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission testing — Verification of the receiving sensitivity spectra of piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors
This document specifies a method for the determination of the receiving sensitivity spectra of a piezoelectric acoustic emission sensor, in absolute units of volts output per motion input, whereby the motion can be particle displacement (e.g. in nanometres) or particle velocity (e.g. in millimetres per second) over a frequency range used for acoustic emission testing, from 20 kHz to about 1,5 MHz, whereby the sensor is stimulated by a motion pulse in normal direction to the sensor’s face from a directly coupled piezoelectric transmitter. This document also specifies a method for the determination of the transmitting sensitivity spectrum of a piezoelectric transmitter in absolute units, for example, in nanometres output per volt input, by measuring both the particle displacement pulse over the transmitter’s active face and the transmitter’s input voltage spectrum, using a scanning laser vibrometer. This document does not include the known cancellation effects on a sensor’s response, when the angle of incidence differs from normal (90°) or when the length of the wave passing across the sensor’s sensitive face is shorter than about 10 times the dimension of the sensor’s sensitive face. This document does not specify a method to measure the influence of different materials on a sensor’s sensitivity, but this effect is addressed in Annex F. NOTE The methods described in this document can be considered for use with other than piezoelectric sensors, which detect motion at a flat face and work in the same frequency range.
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par émission acoustique — Vérification des spectres de sensibilité de réception des capteurs d’émission acoustique piézoélectriques
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24543
First edition
2022-09
Non-destructive testing — Acoustic
emission testing — Verification of
the receiving sensitivity spectra
of piezoelectric acoustic emission
sensors
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par émission acoustique —
Vérification des spectres de sensibilité de réception des capteurs
d’émission acoustique piézoélectriques
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.3
5 Overview . 4
5.1 Face-to-face setup — Block diagram . 4
5.2 Laser vibrometer setup — Block diagram . 5
6 General requirements related to hardware . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Requirements related to the function generator (FG) . 6
6.3 Requirements related to the transmitter . 7
6.4 Requirements related to the coupling agent between transmitter and sensor
under test . 8
6.5 Requirements related to the sensor-to-transmitter fixing tool . 8
6.5.1 General . 8
6.5.2 Requirements . 8
6.6 Requirements related to the sensor under test (SUT) . 9
6.6.1 General . 9
6.6.2 Pyroelectric effect . 9
6.6.3 Integrated pre-amplifier . 10
6.6.4 Influence of the pre-amplifier input impedance . 10
6.6.5 Requirements for a list of sensors under test . 10
6.7 Requirements related to the signal cable from sensor to transient recorder. 10
6.7.1 General . 10
6.7.2 Requirement . 10
6.8 Requirements related to the signal cable from the function generator to the
transmitter and to the transient recorder . 10
6.9 Requirements related to the transient recorder for measuring U and U . 11
S F
6.9.1 General . 11
6.9.2 Input impedance . 11
6.9.3 Range, resolution, accuracy, sampling rate and buffer length . 11
6.9.4 Bandwidth .12
6.9.5 Trigger settings .12
6.9.6 Verification — Calibration .12
7 Determination of the receiving sensitivity spectra .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Formulae for the determination of receiving sensitivity spectra R and R .12
D V
7.3 Relevant spectra for sensor sensitivity verification . 13
7.4 Procedure for sensor sensitivity verification . 14
7.4.1 Preparation . 14
7.4.2 Cable connections for the face-to-face setup . 15
7.4.3 Settings of the function generator in the face-to-face setup .15
7.4.4 Setting of the transient recorder . 16
7.4.5 Trial measurement . 17
7.4.6 Initial crosstalk test . 18
7.4.7 Capturing data of the sensor under test — Stimulation pulse U , sensor
F
response U . 18
S
7.4.8 Calculating and presenting receiving sensitivity spectra . 19
7.4.9 Sensor verification report . 20
7.5 Reproducibility of sensitivity spectra . 21
iii
7.5.1 Sensor-to-transmitter coupling . 21
7.5.2 Influence of temperature . 21
7.5.3 Change of the transmitter . 21
8 Determination of the transmitting sensitivity spectra.22
8.1 Formula for the determination of the transmitting displacement sensitivity .22
8.2 Requirements related to the scanning laser vibrometer . 23
8.3 Procedure for the determination of transmitting sensitivities T . 24
D
8.3.1 Preparation . 24
8.3.2 Cable connections for the laser vibrometer setup. 24
8.3.3 Function generator settings for the laser vibrometer setup . 24
8.3.4 Capturing laser vibrometer data . 25
8.3.5 Calculating the displacement results . 25
8.4 After completion of the motion measurement . 26
8.5 Criteria to sort out unsuitable transmitters . 26
8.6 Calibration of the laser vibrometer .28
8.7 Detection of a drift of a transmitting sensitivity .28
Annex A (informative) Examples of templates .30
Annex B (informative) Examples of equipment .32
Annex C (informative) Verification methods for piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors .34
Annex D (informative) Additional information concerning receiving sensitivity
determination .38
Annex E (informative) Additional information concerning transmitting sensitivity
determination .51
Annex F (informative) Adapting R /R to the acoustic impedances of the used materials .58
V D
Bibliography .60
iv
Foreword
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval c
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