ISO 22608:2021

Protective clothing - Protection against liquid chemicals - Measurement of repellency, retention, and penetration of liquid pesticide formulations through protective clothing materials

This document specifies a test method to measure the repellency, retention and penetration of a known volume of liquid pesticide when applied to a protective clothing material. No external hydrostatic or mechanical pressure is applied to the test specimen during or after the application of the liquid pesticide. The degree of contamination depends on numerous factors such as the type of exposure, application technique, and pesticide formulation. As the level of exposure can vary considerably, this method is designed to rate the relative performance of personal protective equipment (PPE) materials at two levels of contamination. Low level of contamination is achieved by applying 0,1 ml of liquid formulation and high level by applying 0,2 ml. This test method does not measure the resistance to permeation or degradation. This test method is suitable for field strength and concentrated pesticide formulations. This method may not be suitable for testing protective clothing materials against volatile pesticide formulations. This document is applicable to the evaluation of materials that are new or those that have undergone treatment such as laundering or simulated abrasion. Details of the treatment shall be reported. This test method can also be used to determine the resistance provided by protective clothing materials against penetration of new pesticide formulations.

Vêtements de protection — Protection contre les produits chimiques liquides — Mesurage de la répulsion, de la rétention et de la pénétration des formulations de pesticides liquides à travers les matériaux des vêtements de protection

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Mar-2021
• ICS: 13.340.10 - Protective clothing
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 94/SC 13 - Protective clothing
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 94/SC 13/WG 3 - Protective clothing against chemicals agents
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 15-Mar-2021
• Due Date: 01-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 15-Mar-2021

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 20768:2018/Amd 1:2025 - Vapour products - Routine analytical vaping machine - Definitions and standard conditions - Amendment 1: Correction of puff profile requirements
• Effective Date: 27-Apr-2024
• Revises: ISO 22608:2004 - Protective clothing - Protection against liquid chemicals - Measurement of repellency, retention, and penetration of liquid pesticide formulations through protective clothing materials
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Overview

ISO 22608:2021 - "Protective clothing - Protection against liquid chemicals - Measurement of repellency, retention, and penetration of liquid pesticide formulations through protective clothing materials" - specifies a standardized laboratory test method to quantify how liquid pesticide formulations interact with protective clothing materials. The method measures repellency, retention, and penetration of a known volume of test liquid applied to a specimen, using either a gravimetric procedure (Method A) or an analytical extraction procedure targeting the active ingredient (Method B). The test does not measure permeation or material degradation and is performed with no external hydrostatic or mechanical pressure.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test objective: Rate relative performance of PPE materials at two contamination levels - 0.1 ml (low) and 0.2 ml (high) of test liquid.
• Applicability: Suitable for field-strength and concentrated pesticide formulations; may be unsuitable for volatile formulations. Applicable to new materials and materials after treatments (laundering, simulated abrasion) - treatment details must be reported.
• Two analysis methods:
  • Method A (gravimetric): Weigh contaminated layers to determine mass distribution of the applied liquid.
  • Method B (analytical): Extract and quantify the active ingredient from each layer (e.g., chromatography, gravimetric, radionuclide tagging as appropriate to the test liquid).
• Test assembly: Test specimen placed over an absorbent collector (absorbent paper backed by polyethylene); a top absorbent layer is applied post-contact to remove residual liquid. No external pressure is applied.
• Apparatus examples: Calibrated pipettor for precise volumes (0.100 ±0.002 ml and 0.200 ±0.004 ml), specimen holder dimensions (100 mm × 100 mm base, 100 mm × 100 mm cover with 60 mm × 60 mm opening), holder material thickness ≥ 6 mm and specified cover plate mass.
• Quality and reporting: Calibration of pipettor, conditioning of specimens, extraction efficiency checks, blank tests, calculation of repellency/retention/penetration, and repeatability/reliability data (Annex A) are required. ISO 2859-1 is cited for sampling procedures.

Applications and typical users

• Practical use:
  • Evaluate PPE fabrics, coveralls, and material treatments for agricultural and pesticide-handling tasks.
  • Compare material performance for procurement, product development, and regulatory compliance.
  • Assess effect of laundering or abrasion on protective performance.
• Typical users:
  • PPE manufacturers and textile laboratories
  • Agricultural safety teams and occupational health professionals
  • Regulatory bodies and test laboratories assessing pesticide PPE
  • R&D teams developing new protective materials or coatings

Related standards and context

• ISO 22608:2021 was prepared by ISO/TC 94/SC 13 (Protective clothing) and references ISO 2859-1 for sampling. Note that ISO 22608 measures penetration (non-molecular flow) not permeation (molecular diffusion), a key distinction for hazard assessment.

Keywords: ISO 22608:2021, protective clothing, liquid pesticides, repellency, retention, penetration, PPE test method, gravimetric, analytical extraction.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22608
Second edition
2021-03
Protective clothing — Protection
against liquid chemicals —
Measurement of repellency, retention,
and penetration of liquid pesticide
formulations through protective
clothing materials
Vêtements de protection — Protection contre les produits chimiques
liquides — Mesurage de la répulsion, de la rétention et de la
pénétration des formulations de pesticides liquides à travers les
matériaux des vêtements de protection
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Apparatus and materials for contamination of test specimen. 3
5.2 Apparatus for analysis using Method A . 4
5.3 Apparatus and materials for analysis using Method B . 4
6 Test specimens. 7
7 Selection of analytical technique . 8
8 Preparation of test apparatus and materials . 8
8.1 Calibration of the pipettor. 8
8.1.1 Calibration with distilled water . 8
8.1.2 Calibration with test liquid . 8
8.2 Preparation of test assembly . 9
8.3 Conditioning of test specimen . 9
8.4 Testing temperature . 9
9 Method A . 9
9.1 Contamination of test specimen . 9
9.2 Calculation .10
9.2.1 Determination of masses of test liquid in each layer .10
9.2.2 Mass balance .10
9.2.3 Calculation of repellency, retention, and penetration.10
10 Method B .10
10.1 Verification of the amount of active ingredient in the test liquid applied .10
10.2 Determination of extraction efficiency .11
10.3 Testing of blanks .11
10.4 Contamination of test specimen .11
10.5 Extraction of test liquids .11
10.6 Calculation .12
10.6.1 Determination of the masses of active ingredient in each layer .12
10.6.2 Calculation of extraction efficiency .12
10.6.3 Calculation of repellency, retention, and penetration.12
11 Repeatability and reliability .12
12 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory test data .14
Bibliography .16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Personal protective
equipment, Subcommittee SC 13, Protective clothing.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22608:2004), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— thickness of the specimen holder;
— test condition;
— extraction procedure options and extraction efficiency requirement;
— inclusion of an Annex A for repeatability and reliability.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The health and safety of workers involved in the mixing, loading and application of liquid pesticides can
be affected by dermal exposure to liquid pesticide formulations. Use of protective clothing can assist in
minimizing the danger of contact with potentially harmful pesticides
The movement of liquid pesticides through these materials is primarily due to penetration through
spaces between fibres and interstices between yarns. As these materials provide protection either by
repelling or retaining liquid pesticides, the measurement of these properties is also important. This
test method is used to measure the repellency, retention, and penetration of liquid pesticides through
protective clothing materials.
For repeatability and reliability, see Annex A.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22608:2021(E)
Protective clothing — Protection against liquid chemicals
— Measurement of repellency, retention, and penetration
of liquid pesticide formulations through protective
clothing materials
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method to measure the repellency, retention and penetration of a known
volume of liquid pesticide when applied to a protective clothing material. No external hydrostatic
or mechanical pressure is applied to the test specimen during or after the application of the liquid
pesticide.
The degree of contamination depends on numerous factors such as the type of exposure, application
technique, and pesticide formulation. As the level of exposure can vary considerably, this method is
designed to rate the relative performance of personal protective equipment (PPE) materials at two
levels of contamination. Low level of contamination is achieved by applying 0,1 ml of liquid formulation
and high level by applying 0,2 ml.
This test method does not measure the resistance to permeation or degradation.
This test method is suitable for field strength and concentrated pesticide formulations. This method
may not be suitable for testing protective clothing materials against volatile pesticide formulations.
This document is applicable to the evaluation of materials that are new or those that have undergone
treatment such as laundering or simulated abrasion. Details of the treatment shall be reported. This
test method can also be used to determine the resistance provided by protective clothing materials
against penetration of new pesticide formulations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by
acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analytical technique
procedure whereby the concentration of the test chemical in a collection medium is quantitatively
determined
Note 1 to entry: The procedure selected is based on the test liquid to be analysed. Applicable techniques include,
but are not limited to, gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, gravimetric analysis, and
radionuclide tagging/detection counting.
3.2
test liquid
mixture of raw materials, including but not limited to, active ingredients, inert ingredients, and a base
solvent used in pesticide (3.5) formulation
Note 1 to entry: Additional ingredients could include emulsifiers and surfactants. Solvents used in the
formulation could be water, isopropyl alcohol or petroleum distillate. Solid materials (powders, granules, etc.)
may be dissolved or emulsified to form a liquid or a suspension. These formulations may be ready to use or be
concentrates that require dilution to field strength.
3.3
penetration
flow of a chemical through closures, porous materials, seams, holes or other imperfections in a
protective clothing material (3.6) on a non-molecular level
3.4
permeation
process by which a chemical moves through a protective clothing material (3.6) on a molecular level
Note 1 to entry: Permeation involves
a) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted (outside) surface of a material,
b) diffusion of the sorbed molecules in the material, and
c) desorption of the molecules from the opposite (inside) surface of the material.
3.5
pesticide
substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or reducing any pest
or weeds
Note 1 to entry: Pesticides (plant protection products) approved for use in one country may not be approved in
another country.
3.6
protective clothing material
any material or combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purpose of isolating parts of
the body from a potential hazard
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, protective clothing materials include those materials used
in the construction of the suit or clothing that serves as the primary barrier for the wearer. Protective clothing
materials do not include materials used in the construction of integral visors, gloves, and footwear.
3.7
repellency
characteristic to resist wetting and penetration (3.3) by a liquid
3.8
retention
liquid retained in the protective clothing material (3.6) under the conditions of this test
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

4 Principle
A test liquid is applied using a pipettor to the surface of the test assembly, which consists of single
or multiple layer protective clothing material (test specimen) and an absorbent paper backed by
polyethylene film (collector layer).
After a specified time, another absorbent paper backed by polyethylene film (top layer) is placed on the
surface of the test specimen to remove the remaining liquid.
The top layer, contaminated test specimen, and collector layer are separated.
The amount of test liquid in each layer is measured either by gravimetric analysis (weighing) or by
other appropriate analytical techniques.
Method A is a gravimetric method that measures the mass of the test liquid in each layer, whereas
Method B is an analytical method that requires extraction of the test liquid and measures the mass of
the active ingredient.
Data is obtained to calculate percent repellency, pesticide retention, and penetration.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Apparatus and materials for contamination of test specimen
5.1.1 Test liquid, to contaminate the test specimen.
A magnetic or other stirrer shall be used for liquids that may settle during application.
NOTE Pesticide surrogate and commercially available pesticides are examples of test chemicals.
Concentrates with high viscosity can be difficult to pipette using this method.
5.1.2 Pipettor, with disposable pipette tip, mounted on a support stand, for pipetting (0,100 ± 0,002) ml
of liquid for low contamination level and (0,200 ± 0,004) ml for high contamination level (see Figure 1).
Multi-dispensing pipettors shall not be used for test liquids that may settle during application.
NOTE Liquid viscosity, user experience, and temperature can affect accuracy and precision. Pipetting done
in reverse mode is recommended to avoid losses of test liquid in the tip. The last drop in reverse pipetting is not
dispensed. With conventional pipettors, care must be taken to prevent the last drop from affecting the volume
dispensed. Additional information on selection of pipettor can be obtained from the pipette manufacturer.
5.1.3 Test specimen holder, consisting of a 100 mm × 100 mm base plate (see Figure 2) and a
100 mm × 100 mm cover plate with a 60 mm × 60 mm opening in the centre (see Figure 3).
The test specimen holder is made of polymethyl methacrylate or other suitable material with ≥6 mm
thickness. The mass of the cover plate shall be 40 g to 45 g.
NOTE The test specimen holder can be made of other suitable materials (e.g., other rigid plastics) that meet
the thickness and weight requirements, are rigid and can be easily cleaned.
5.1.4 Thin, transparent 100 mm × 100 mm plastic cover sheet.
NOTE A cover sheet is placed over the cover plate with the 60 mm × 60 mm opening to prevent evaporation
loss. A clear PVC cover used for reports is an example of plastic material that can be used to make the cover sheet.
5.1.5 Timer, accurate to the nearest 1 s.
® 1)
5.
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