ISO 19881:2018
(Main)Gaseous hydrogen — Land vehicle fuel containers
Gaseous hydrogen — Land vehicle fuel containers
This document contains requirements for the material, design, manufacture, marking and testing of serially produced, refillable containers intended only for the storage of compressed hydrogen gas for land vehicle operation. These containers a) are permanently attached to the vehicle, b) have a capacity of up to 1 000 l water capacity, and c) have a nominal working pressure that does not exceed 70 MPa. The scope of this document is limited to fuel containers containing fuel cell grade hydrogen according to ISO 14687 for fuel cell land vehicles and Grade A or better hydrogen as per ISO 14687 for internal combustion engine land vehicles. This document also contains requirements for hydrogen fuel containers acceptable for use on-board light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles and industrial powered trucks such as forklifts and other material handling vehicles.
Hydrogène gazeux — Réservoirs de carburant pour véhicules terrestres
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19881
First edition
2018-10
Gaseous hydrogen — Land vehicle fuel
containers
Hydrogène gazeux — Réservoirs de carburant pour véhicules
terrestres
Reference number
ISO 19881:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
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© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Service conditions . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.1.1 Standard service conditions. 5
4.1.2 Category . 6
4.1.3 Service life . 6
4.1.4 Periodic in-service inspections . 6
4.2 Pressures . 6
4.2.1 Nominal working pressures . 6
4.2.2 Maximum pressures. 6
4.3 Maximum number of filling cycles . 6
4.4 Temperature range . 7
4.4.1 Settled gas temperatures . 7
4.4.2 Container temperatures . 7
4.4.3 Transient gas temperatures . 7
4.4.4 Test temperatures . 7
4.5 Gas composition . 7
4.6 External surfaces . 7
4.7 Installation requirements . 7
5 Compliance . 8
6 Material qualification tests and requirements . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Material requirements. 8
6.3 Metal containers and metal liners . 9
6.3.1 Material properties . 9
6.3.2 Impact test for steel . 9
6.3.3 Tensile tests for metals . 9
6.3.4 Sustained load cracking (SLC) test for aluminum alloys . 9
6.3.5 Corrosion tests for aluminum alloys .10
6.4 Ultraviolet resistance of external coatings .10
6.5 Fibers .10
6.6 Resins .10
6.7 Nonmetallic liners (Type 4) .10
6.8 Bosses for Type 4 containers .10
7 Wall thickness .11
7.1 Type 1 containers .11
7.2 Liners for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers .11
7.3 Composite reinforcement for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers .11
7.3.1 Stress analysis .11
7.3.2 Stress ratios .12
7.3.3 Modified stress ratio test .12
7.3.4 Hybrid designs .12
7.4 External loads on containers .12
8 Threaded openings .12
9 Manufacture .13
9.1 General .13
9.2 Metal containers and metal liners .13
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
9.3 Nonmetallic liners .13
9.4 Composite containers with metallic liners .13
9.5 Composite containers with nonmetallic liners .13
9.6 Brazing .14
9.7 Welding .14
9.8 End closing by forming .14
9.9 Mounting and protection .14
9.10 Batch definitions .14
9.11 Design qualification tests .14
10 Production tests and examinations .15
10.1 General .15
10.2 Hydrostatic test .15
10.3 Leak test .16
11 Batch tests .16
11.1 General .16
11.2 Batch material tests .16
11.3 Coated containers .16
11.4 Burst test .17
11.4.1 Batch burst test .17
11.4.2 Periodic burst test .17
11.5 Cycle test .17
11.5.1 Batch cycle test .17
11.5.2 Periodic pressure cycling test .17
12 Rejected containers and liners .18
12.1 Physical test .18
12.2 Leak test .19
12.3 Hydrostatic test .19
12.4 Cycle test .19
12.5 Burst test .19
13 Pressure relief devices .19
14 Records of manufacture .19
15 Marking and dispatch .19
15.1 Markings .19
15.1.1 General.19
15.1.2 Marking information .19
15.2 Dispatch inspection .20
16 Quality assurance .20
17 Design qualification tests .20
17.1 General .20
17.2 Test requirements .20
17.3 Category A, B and C: design qualification tests .22
17.3.1 Test requirements .22
17.3.2 Ambient cycling test . .22
17.3.3 Environmental test.22
17.3.4 Extreme temperature cycling test .24
17.3.5 Hydrostatic burst test .24
17.3.6 Flaw tolerance test .25
17.3.7 Drop test .25
17.3.8 Fire test .26
17.3.9 Accelerated stress rupture test .29
17.3.10 High strain rate impact test .30
17.3.11 Permeation test .30
17.3.12 Boss torque test .31
17.3.13 Hydrogen gas cycling test .31
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
17.3.14 Leak before break test .32
17.4 Change of design .32
17.5 Category B: design qualification tests .35
17.5.1 General test requirements .35
17.5.2 Ambient cycling test . .35
17.5.3 Hydrostatic burst test .35
17.5.4 Container test for performance durability .35
17.5.5 Container test for expected on-road performance .37
17.6 Category C: design qualification conditions and limitations .37
17.6.1 Marking information .37
17.6.2 Material tests for steel containers and liners .37
17.6.3 Material tests for aluminum alloy containers and liners .37
17.7 Qualification test results .38
Annex A (informative) Visual inspection .39
Annex B (informative) Non-destructive examination .40
Annex C (informative) Records of manufacture .42
Annex D (informative) Design qualification test rationale .45
Bibliography .53
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee TC 197, Hydrogen technologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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ISO 19881:2018(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to promote the implementation of hydrogen powered land vehicles
through the creation of performance based testing requirements for compressed hydrogen fuel
containers. The successful commercialization of hydrogen land vehicle technologies requires
standards pertaining to fueling stations, vehicle fuel system components and the global homologation
of standards requirements for technologies with the same end use. This will allow manufacturers to
achieve economies of scale in production through the ability to manufacture one product for global use.
This document is based on the CSA Standard ANSI/HGV 2-2014.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19881:2018(E)
Gaseous hydrogen — Land vehicle fuel containers
1 Scope
This document contains requirements for the material, design, manufacture, marking and testing of
serially produced, refillable containers intended only for the storage of compressed hydrogen gas for
land vehicle operation. These containers
a) are permanently attached to the vehicle,
b) have a capacity of up to 1 000 l water capacity, and
c) have a nominal working pressure that does not exceed 70 MPa.
The scope of this document is limited to fuel containers containing fuel cell grade hydrogen according
to ISO 14687 for fuel cell land vehicles and Grade A or better hydrogen as per ISO 14687 for internal
combustion engine land vehicles. This document also contains requirements for hydrogen fuel
containers acceptable for use on-board light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles and industrial powered
trucks such as forklifts and other material handling vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 306, Plastics — Thermoplastic Materials — Determination of Vicat Softening Temperature (VST)
ISO 7866:2012, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders — Design, construction
and testing
ISO 9809-1:2010, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and
testing — Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa
ISO 9809-2:2010, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and
testing — Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to
1 100 MPa
ISO 11439:2013, Gas cylinders — High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel
for automotive vehicles
ISO 19078:2013, Gas cylinders — Inspection of the cylinder installation, and requalification of high pressure
cylinders f
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