ISO 7240-8:2007
(Main)Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
ISO 7240-8:2007 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point multi-sensor fire detectors that incorporate an electrochemical cell for sensing carbon monoxide (CO) in combination with one or more heat sensors, for use in fire detection and alarm systems installed in buildings. For the testing of other types of CO multi-sensor fire detectors, or CO and heat multi-sensor fire detectors working on different principles, ISO 7240-8:2007 can be used for guidance. CO and heat multi-sensor fire detectors with special characteristics and developed for specific risks are not covered by ISO 7240-8:2007.
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie — Partie 8: Détecteurs de monoxyde de carbone pour la détection d'incendie utilisant une cellule électrochimique en combinaison avec un capteur de chaleur
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-8
First edition
2007-08-15
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 8:
Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an
electro-chemical cell in combination
with a heat sensor
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie —
Partie 8: Détecteurs de monoxyde de carbone pour la détection
d'incendie utilisant une cellule électrochimique en combinaison
avec un capteur de chaleur
Reference number
ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Definitions .2
4 General requirements.2
4.1 Compliance.2
4.2 Individual alarm indication .2
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices.2
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors.2
4.5 Manufacturer's adjustments.2
4.6 On-site adjustment of response behaviour .2
4.7 Rate-sensitive response behaviour .3
4.8 Marking .3
4.9 Data .4
4.10 Requirements for software controlled detectors .4
5 Tests.5
5.1 General.5
5.2 Repeatability of CO response.8
5.3 Directional dependence of CO response .8
5.4 Directional dependence of heat response .8
5.5 Lower limit of heat sensitivity .10
5.6 Reproducibility of CO response.10
5.7 Reproducibility of heat response.11
5.8 Exposure to chemical agents at environmental concentrations .11
5.9 Long-term stability of CO response.12
5.10 Saturation .12
5.11 Exposure to chemical agents that can be present during a fire.13
5.12 Variation in supply parameters .14
5.13 Air movement.15
5.14 Dry heat (operational).15
5.15 Cold (operational) .16
5.16 Damp heat, cyclic (operational).17
5.17 Damp heat, steady state (endurance).18
5.18 Low humidity, steady state (endurance) .19
5.19 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance).20
2
5.20 Shock (operational) .21
5.21 Impact (operational).22
5.22 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational).23
5.23 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance).24
5.24 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity tests (operational).25
5.25 Fire sensitivity.26
6 Test report .28
Annex A (normative) Gas test chamber for response threshold value and cross sensitivity
measurements.29
Annex B (normative) Heat tunnel for response time and response temperature measurements.30
Annex C (normative) Apparatus for impact test .31
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
Annex D (normative) Fire test room . 33
Annex E (normative) Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2) . 35
Annex F (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3) . 38
Annex G (normative) Open plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4). 41
Annex H (normative) Liquid (heptane) fire (TF5). 43
Annex I (normative) Deep-seated smouldering cotton fire (TF9) . 45
Annex J (informative) Information concerning the construction of the gas test chamber. 47
Annex K (informative) Construction of the heat tunnel. 49
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7240-8 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
⎯ Part 1: General and definitions
⎯ Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
⎯ Part 4: Power supply equipment
⎯ Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
⎯ Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
⎯ Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
⎯ Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
⎯ Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical Specification]
⎯ Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
⎯ Part 11: Manual call points
⎯ Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
⎯ Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
⎯ Part 14: Guidelines for drafting codes of practice for design, installation and use of fire detection and fire
alarm systems in and around buildings [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in
combination with a heat sensor
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
⎯ Part 16: Sound system control and indicating equipment
⎯ Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
⎯ Part 21: Routing equipment
⎯ Part 22: Smoke-detection equipment for ducts
⎯ Part 27: Point-type fire detectors using a scattered-light, transmitted-light or ionization smoke sensor, an
electrochemical-cell carbon-monoxide sensor and a heat sensor
Part 26, dealing with oil mist detectors, and Part 28, dealing with fire protection control equipment, are under
development.
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 7240 has been prepared by the Subcommittee ISO/TC 21/SC 3 and is based on both
ISO 7240-5 for heat detectors and ISO 7240-6 for carbon monoxide fire detectors.
A fire detection and fire alarm system is required to function satisfactorily not only in the event of a fire, but
also during and after exposure to conditions likely to be met in practice such as corrosion, vibration, direct
impact, indirect shock and electromagnetic interference. Some tests specified are intended to assess the
performance of the fire detectors under such conditions.
The performance of fire detectors is assessed from results obtained in specific tests; this part of ISO 7240 is
not intended to place any other restrictions on the design and construction of such detectors.
Carbon monoxide (CO) fire detectors can react promptly to slow, smouldering fires involving carbonaceous
materials. Although in the majority of fires the products of combustion are transported by convection, the
gaseous nature of CO means that it also diffuses and, particularly in low energy fires, it can move ahead of
the smoke plume and thus provide earlier detection.
CO fire detectors alone might not react quickly to flaming fires and the addition of a heat sensor as described
in this part of ISO 7240 provides better detection to a broader spectrum of fires.
CO fire detectors based on electrochemical cells might be better suited to applications where smoke detectors
can produce unwanted alarms due to the presence of dust, steam or cooking vapours, etc.
Whilst CO gas has greater mobility than smoke, it can be diluted by ventilation systems and be affected by
convection currents. Hence, the same considerations as for point smoke detectors should be taken into
account. Re-circulating systems confined to a single room have little effect on dilution, as this is similar to the
natural diffusion of the CO gas.
It is important that the location of CO fire detectors take into account areas where false operation or non-
operation is likely. Some typical locations where it is important to carefully evaluate the use of CO fire
detectors are
a) areas where CO gas can be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes;
EXAMPLES Car parks, car-park return air plenums, loading docks.
b) confined areas where cigarette smoking is likely.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 8:
Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell
in combination with a heat sensor
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point multi-sensor fire
detectors that incorporate an electrochemical cell for sensing carbon monoxide (CO) in combination with one
or more heat sensors, for use in fire detection and alarm systems installed in buildings (see ISO 7240-1).
For the testing of other types of CO multi-sensor fire detectors, or CO and heat multi-sensor fire detectors
working on different principles, this part of ISO 7240 can be used for guidance. CO and heat multi-sensor fire
detectors with special characteristics and developed for specific risks are not covered by this part of ISO 7240.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209-1, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition and forms of products —
Part 1: Chemical composition
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
ISO 7240-5:2003, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
ISO 7240-6, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-
chemical cells
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests. Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN 50130-4, Alarm Systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity
requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols given in ISO 7240-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
CO response threshold value
CO concentration in the proximity of the specimen at the moment that it generates an alarm signal, when
tested in accordance with 5.1.5
NOTE The CO response threshold value may depend on signal processing in the detector and in the control and
indicating equipment.
4 General requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the detector shall meet the requirements of Clause 4, which shall
be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested as described in Clause 5 and shall
meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector that
released an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the detector
can be visually indicated, these shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the
detector is switched to a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator may be integral with the base
or the detector head.
The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m in an ambient light intensity up to 500 lx at an angle
of up to
a) 5° from the axis of the detector in any direction, and
b) 45° from the axis of the detector in at least one direction.
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices
The detector may provide for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays, etc.), but
open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and
indicating equipment) to detect the removal of the head from the base in order to give a fault signal.
4.5 Manufacturer's adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer's settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool) or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.6 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response behaviour of the detector, then
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
a) for all of the settings, at which the manufacturer claims compliance with this part of ISO 7240, the
detector shall comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 7240 and access to the means of
adjustment shall be possible only by the use of a code or special tool or by removing the detector from its
base or mounting;
b) any setting(s) at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this part of ISO 7240 shall be
accessible only by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked on the detector or in
the associated data that if these setting(s) are used the detector does not comply with this part of
ISO 7240.
These adjustments may be carried out at the detector or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.7 Rate-sensitive response behaviour
The response threshold value of the detector can depend on the rate of change of CO concentration in the
vicinity of the detector. Such behaviour may be incorporated in the detector design to improve the
discrimination between ambient CO concentrations and those generated by a fire. If such rate-sensitive
behaviour is included, then it shall not lead to a significant reduction in the sensitivity of the detector to fires,
nor shall it lead to a significant increase in the probability of unwanted alarms.
Since it is not practical to make tests with all possible rates of increase in CO concentration, an assessment of
the rate sensitivity of the detector shall be made by analysis of the circuit/software and/or physical tests and
simulations.
The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this subclause if this assessment shows that
a) for any rate of increase in CO concentration less than 1 µl/l/min, the detector signals an alarm condition
before the CO concentration reaches 60 µl/l, and
b) the detector does not produce an alarm condition when subjected to a step change in CO concentration
of 10 µl/l, superimposed on a background concentration of between 0 µl/l and 5 µl/l.
4.8 Marking
Each detector shall be clearly marked with the following information:
a) number of this part of ISO 7240 (i.e. ISO 7240-8);
b) name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
c) model designation (type or number);
d) wiring terminal designations;
e) some mark(s) or code(s) (e.g. serial number or batch code), by which the manufacturer can identify at
least the date or batch and place of manufacture and the version number(s) of any software contained
within the detector;
f) life-expectancy of the electro-chemical cell under normal operating conditions.
For detachable detectors, the detector head shall be marked with a), b), c), e) and f), and the base shall be
marked with at least c), i.e. its own model designation, and d).
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use, then these should be
explained in the data supplied with the device.
The marking shall be visible during installation of the detector and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts.
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
4.9 Data
Either detectors shall be supplied with sufficient technical, installation and maintenance data to enable their
correct installation and operation or, if all of these data are not supplied with each detector, reference to the
appropriate data sheet shall be given on or with each detector.
To enable correct operation of the detectors, these data should describe the requirements for the correct
processing of the signals from the detector. This may be in the form of a full technical specification of these
signals, a reference to the appropriate signalling protocol or a reference to suitable types of control and
indicating equipment, etc.
Installation and maintenance data shall include reference to an in situ test method to ensure that detectors
operate correctly when installed.
NOTE Additional information might be required by organizations certifying that detectors produced by a manufacturer
conform to the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.10 Requirements for software controlled detectors
4.10.1 General
The requirements of 4.10.2, 4.10.3 and 4.10.4 shall apply to detectors that rely on software control in order to
fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.10.2 Software documentation
4.10.2.1 The manufacturer shall submit documentation that gives an overview of the software design. This
documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this part of
ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or schema) including the following:
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector,
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing;
b) description of which areas of memory are used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site-specific
data and running data);
c) designation by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.10.2.2 The manufacturer shall have available detailed design documentation, which is required to be
provided only if required by the testing authority. It shall comprise at least the following:
a) overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) description of each module of the program, containing at least:
1) name of the module,
2) description of the tasks performed,
3) description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the checking
for valid data;
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ISO 7240-8:2007(E)
c) full source-code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all global
and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow to be
recognized;
d) details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (e.g. CASE-Tools, Compilers,
etc.).
4.10.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design shall apply.
a) The software shall have a modular structure.
b) The design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid data to
cause error in the program operation.
c) The software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.10.4 Storage of programs and data
The program necessary to comply with this part of ISO 7240 and any preset data, such as manufacturer's
settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data
shall be possible only by the use of some special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal
operation of the detector.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory that retains data for at least two weeks without external power to
the detector, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power, within
1 h of power being restored.
5 Tests
5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been
allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing, as specified in IEC 60068-1, as follows:
⎯ temperature: (15 to 35) °C;
⎯ relative humidity: (25 to 75) %;
⎯ air pressure: (86 to 106) kPa.
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test where the standard
atmospheric conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then the specimen shall be connected to suitable
supply and monitoring equipment with characteristics as required by the manufacturer's data. Unless
otherwise specified in the test method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the
manufacturer's specified range(s) and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value
chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range. If a test
procedure requires a specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connections shall be
made to any necessary ancillary devices (e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for conventional
detectors) to allow a fault signal to be recognized.
The details of the supply and monitoring equipment and the alarm criteria used shall be given in the test
report; see Clause 6.
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