ISO 18629-43:2006
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 43: Definitional extension: Activity ordering and duration extensions
Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 43: Definitional extension: Activity ordering and duration extensions
ISO 18629-43:2006 provides definitions written in the language of ISO 18629 for concepts related to activity extensions in the process specification language. The process specification language is aimed at structuring the semantic concepts intrinsic to the capture and exchange of process information related to discrete manufacturing.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de spécification de procédé — Partie 43: Extension de définition: Extensions de la durée et de classement d'activité
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18629-43
First edition
2006-08-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Process specification
language —
Part 43:
Definitional extension: Activity ordering
and duration extensions
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de
spécification de procédé —
Partie 43: Extension de définition: Extensions de la durée et de
classement d'activité
Reference number
©
ISO 2006
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1. Scope.1
2. Normative References.1
3. Terms, definitions, and abbreviations.2
3.1 Terms and definitions.2
3.2 Abbreviations.5
4. General information on ISO 18629.5
5. Organization of this part of ISO 18629.6
6. Strong partially ordered activities.6
6.1 Primitive lexicon of the Strong partially ordered activities .7
6.2 Defined lexicon for concepts of Strong partially ordered activities.7
6.3 Core theories required by Strong partially ordered activities .7
6.4 Definitional extensions required by Strong partially ordered activities.7
6.5 Definitions of concepts for Strong partially ordered activities .8
6.5.1 same_bag.8
6.5.2 snapshot.8
6.5.3 rotate .8
6.5.4 reflect .9
6.5.5 flip.9
6.5.6 turn .10
6.5.7 bag.10
6.5.8 choice_poset.10
6.5.9 strong_poset .11
6.5.10 complex_poset .11
6.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Strong partially ordered activities.11
7. Duration constraints for activity occurrences .12
7.1 Primitive lexicon of Duration constraints for activity occurrences.12
7.2 Defined lexicon of Duration constraints for activity occurrences.12
7.3 Core theories required by Duration constraints for activity occurrences.13
7.4 Definitional extensions required by Duration constraints for activity occurrences .13
7.5 Definitions of Duration constraints for activity occurrences .13
7.5.1 dur .13
7.5.2 delay.13
7.5.3 dur_equiv .13
7.5.4 delay_equiv .14
7.5.5 constant .14
7.5.6 interval_duration .14
7.5.7 variable.14
7.6 Grammar for Duration constraints for activity occurrences.15
8. State-based duration.15
8.1 Primitive lexicon of State-based duration.15
8.2 Defined relations of State-based duration.15
8.3 Core theories required by State-based duration .16
8.4 Definitional extensions required by State-based duration.16
8.5 Definitions of State-based duration.16
8.5.1 conditional_duration .16
8.5.2 context_duration.16
8.5.3 unconditional_duration .17
8.6 Grammar for State-based duration.17
9. Time-based duration .18
iii
9.1 Primitive lexicon of Time-based duration.18
9.2 Defined relations of Time-based duration.18
9.3 Core theories required by Time-based duration.18
9.4 Definitional extensions required by Time-based duration .18
9.5 Definitions of Time-based duration .18
9.5.1 rushhour .18
9.5.2 weekend .19
9.5.3 gridlock .19
9.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Time-based duration.20
10. Duration based on state and time .20
10.1 Primitive lexicon of duration based on state and time .20
10.2 Defined lexicon of duration based on state and time .20
10.3 Core theories required by duration based on state and time .21
10.4 Definitional extensions required by Duration based on state and time.21
10.5 Definitions of Duration based on state and time.21
10.5.1 mixed_duration .21
10.5.2 nondet_mixed_duration .21
10.5.3 rigid_mixed_duration.22
10.6 Grammar for of Duration based on state and time.22
11. Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences.23
11.1 Primitive lexicon of Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences.23
11.2 Defined lexicon of Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences.23
11.3 Core theories required by Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences .23
11.4 Definitional extensions required by Ordering and duration constraints on activity
occurrences .24
11.5 Definitions of Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences.24
11.5.1 ordered_duration .24
11.5.2 partial_ordered_duration.24
11.5.3 unordered_duration .25
11.6 Grammar of process descriptions for Ordering and duration constraints on activity
occurrences .25
12. Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences .26
12.1 Primitive lexicon of Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences.26
12.2 Defined lexicon of Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences.26
12.3 Core theories required by Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity
occurrences .26
12.4 Definitional extensions required by Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity
occurrences .26
12.5 Definitions of Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences .27
12.5.1 embed_duration.27
12.5.2 partial_embed_duration .27
12.5.3 nonembed_duration.28
12.6 Grammar for Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences.28
13. Spoilage preconditions for activities.28
13.1 Primitive lexicon of Spoilage preconditions for activities.28
13.2 Defined lexicon of Spoilage precondition for activities .29
13.3 Theories required by Spoilage preconditions for activities.29
13.4 Definitional extensions required by Spoilage preconditions for activities .29
13.5 Definitions of Spoilage preconditions for activities.29
13.5.1 spoilage .29
13.5.2 possible_spoilage .30
13.5.3 nonspoilage .30
13.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Spoilage preconditions for activities. .30
14. Scheduled embedding constraints.31
14.1 Primitive lexicon of Scheduled embedding constraints .32
iv
14.2 Defined lexicon of Scheduled embedding constraints .32
14.3 Core theories required by Scheduled embedding constraints .32
14.4 Definitional extensions required by Scheduled embedding constraints.32
14.5 Definitions of Scheduled embedding constraints.32
14.5.1 scheduled.32
14.5.2 partial_scheduled .33
14.5.3 unscheduled.33
14.6 Grammar for Scheduled embedding constraints.34
15. Duration-based effects .34
15.1 Primitive lexicon of Duration-based effects .35
15.2 Defined lexicon of Duration-based effects .35
15.3 Core theories required by Duration-based effects.35
15.4 Definitional extensions required by Duration-based effects.35
15.5 Definitions of Duration-based effects .35
15.5.1 duration_effects.35
15.5.2 partial_duration_effects .36
15.5.3 nonduration_constraints.36
15.6 Grammar for Duration-based effects .36
16. Effects of activities based on duration and time .37
16.1 Primitive lexicon of Effects of activities based on duration and time .37
16.2 Defined lexicon of Effects of activities based on duration and time .37
16.3 Core theories required by Effects of activities based on duration and time.37
16.4 Definitional extensions required by Effects of activities based on duration and time.37
16.5 Definitions of Effects of activities based on duration and time .38
16.5.1 maintain_effects.38
16.5.2 partial_maintain .38
16.5.3 nonmaintain.39
16.6 Grammar for Effects of activities based on duration and time .39
17. Complex sequence ordering relations .40
17.1 Primitive lexicon of Complex sequence ordering relations .40
17.2 Defined lexicon of Complex sequence ordering relations .40
17.3 Theories required by Complex sequence ordering relations.40
17.4 Definitional extensions required by Complex sequence ordering relations.40
17.5 Definitions of Complex sequence ordering relations.40
17.5.1 coo_precedes.41
17.5.2 strong_parallel.41
17.5.3 atomocc .41
Annex A (normative ASN.1) Identifier of ISO 18629-43 .42
Annex B (informative) Example of process description using ISO 18629-43 .43
Bibliography .52
Index .53
Figures
Figure B1: TOP level process for manufacturing a GT350 [5] .43
Figure B.2: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Engine [5] .46
Figure B.3: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Block [5] .48
Figure B.4: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Harness [5].49
Figure B.5: PROCESS for manufacturing the harness wire [5].50
Figure B.6 : Process for manufacturing the 350-Wire [5] .50
v
Foreword
The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organisations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards (DIS) adopted by technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18629-43 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A complete list of parts of ISO 18629 is available from the Internet:
http://www.tc184-sc4.org/titles
vi
Introduction
ISO 18629 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable exchange of information related
to manufacturing processes. Taken together, all the parts contained in the ISO 18629 Standard provide
a generic language for describing a manufacturing process throughout the entire production process
within the same industrial company or across several industrial sectors or companies, independently
from any particular representation model. The nature of this language makes it suitable for sharing
process specifications and properties related to manufacturing during all the stages of a production
process.
This part of ISO 18629 provides a description of the definitional extensions of the language related to
activity extensions defined within ISO 18629.
All parts of ISO 18629 are independent of any specific process representation model used in a given
application. Collectively, they provide a structural framework for improving the interoperability of
these applications.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18629-43:2006(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Process
specification language —
Part 43:
Definitional extension: Activity ordering and duration
extensions
1. Scope
This part of ISO 18629 provides a specification of non-primitive concepts of the language, using a set
of definitions written in the language of ISO 18629. These definitions provide an axiomatization of
the semantics for terminology in this part of ISO 18629.
The following is within the scope of this part of ISO 18629:
⎯ definitions of concepts using terminology specified in ISO 18629-13.
The following is outside the scope of this part of ISO 18629:
⎯ definitions of state and time-related concepts using only terminology specified in ISO 18629-11
and ISO 18629-12.
2. Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology ― Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) ― Part 1:
Specification of basic notation
ISO 15531-1, Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 1: General overview
ISO 15531-42, Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 42: Time Model
ISO 18629-1: 2004, Industrial automation systems and integration ― Process specification language
― Part 1: Overview and basic principles
ISO 18629-11 2005, Industrial automation systems and integration – Process specification language
– Part 11: PSL core
ISO 18629-12, Industrial automation systems and integration –– Process specification language ―
Part 12: Outer core
ISO 18629-13, Industrial automation systems and integration ― Process specification language ―
Part 13: Duration and ordering theories
3. Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1.1
automorphism
one-to-one mapping of elements on a set that preserves the relations and functions in some model
[ISO 18629-13]
3.1.2
axiom
well-formed formula in a formal language that provides constraints on the interpretation of symbols in
the lexicon of a language
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.3
defined lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote defined concepts
NOTE Defined lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
EXAMPLE terms with conservative definitions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.4
definitional extension
extension of PSL-Core that introduces new linguistic items which can be completely defined in terms
of the PSL-Core
NOTE: Definitional extensions add no new expressive power to PSL-Core but are used to specify the semantics
and terminology in the domain application.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.5
duration
interval of time
length of a period of time, measured using a given unit of time
[ISO 15531-42]
3.1.6
endomorphism
mapping from a set onto a subset that preserves the relations and functions in some model
[ISO 18629-13]
3.1.7
extension
augmentation of PSL-Core containing additional axioms
NOTE 1 The PSL-Core is a relatively simple set of axioms that is adequate for expressing a wide range of
basic processes. However, more complex processes require expressive resources that exceed those of the PSL-
Core. Rather than clutter the PSL-Core itself with every conceivable concept that might prove useful in
describing one process or another, a variety of separate, modular extensions need to be developed and added to
the PSL-Core as necessary. In this way a user can tailor the language precisely to suit his or her expressive
needs.
NOTE 2 All extensions are core theories or definitional extensions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.8
grammar
specification of how logical symbols and lexical terms can be combined to make well-formed
formulae
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.9
homomorphism
mapping between sets preserves some relations on the elements of the set
[ISO 18629-13]
3.1.10
language
combination of a lexicon and a grammar
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.11
lexicon
set of symbols and terms
NOTE The lexicon consists of logical symbols (such as Boolean connectives and quantifiers) and non-logical
symbols. For ISO 18629, the non logical part of the lexicon consists of expressions (constants, function symbols,
and relation symbols) chosen to represent the basic concepts of the ontology.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.12
manufacturing
function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a
state of further completion
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.13
manufacturing process
structured set of activities or operations performed upon material to convert it from the raw material
or a semifinished state to a state of further completion
NOTE Manufacturing processes may be arranged in process layout, product layout, cellular layout or fixed
position layout. Manufacturing processes may be planned to support make-to-stock, make-to-order, assemble-
to-order, etc., based on strategic use and placements of inventories.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.14
monomorphism
one to one mapping between sets preserves some relation on the elements of the set
[ISO 18629-13]
3.1.15
primitive concept
lexical term that has no conservative definition
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.16
primitive lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote primitive concepts
NOTE Primitive lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.17
process
structured set of activities involving various enterprise entities, that is designed and organised for a
given purpose
NOTE The definition provided here is very close to that given in ISO 10303-49. Nevertheless ISO 15531 needs
the notion of structured set of activities, without any predefined reference to the time or steps. In addition, from
the point of view of flow management, some empty processes may be needed for a synchronisation purpose
although they are not actually doing anything (ghost task).
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.18
product
Thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.19
resource
any device, tool and means at the disposal of the enterprise to produce goods or services
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 15531-1 The concept of resource as defined in ISO 15531-1 includes an assumption
seeing that resources except raw material, products and components that are considered from a system theory
point of view as parts of the environment of the system and then do not belong to the system itself. That is not
the case here. Furthermore ISO 15531-1 definition encompasses ISO 10303-49 definition but is included in the
definition that applies for this part of ISO 18629 (In addition to ISO 15531 resources of this part of ISO 18629
resources include raw materials and consumables as well as in ISO 18629-14).
NOTE 2 Resources as they are defined here include human resources considered as specific means with a
given capability and a given capacity. Those means are considered as being able to be involved in the
manufacturing process through assigned tasks. That does not include any modelling of an individual or common
behaviour of human resource excepted in their capability to perform a given task in the manufacturing process
(e.g.: transformation of raw material or component, provision of logistic services). That means that human
resources are only considered, as the other, from the point of view of their functions, their capabilities and their
status (e.g.: idle, busy). That excludes any modelling or representation of any aspect of individual or common
«social» behaviour.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.20
theory
set of axioms and definitions that pertain to a given concept or set of concepts
NOTE this definition reflects the approach of artificial intelligence in which a theory is the set of assumptions
on which the meaning of the related concept is based.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.2 Abbreviations
⎯ KIF Knowledge Interchange Format.
4. General information on ISO 18629
The parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629 specify definitional extensions needed to give precise definitions
and the axiomatization of non-primitive concepts of ISO 18629. Definitional extensions are
extensions of ISO 18629-11 and ISO 18629-12 that introduce new items for the lexicon. The items
found in definitional extensions can be completely defined in terms using theories of ISO 18629-11
and ISO 18629-12. The definitional extensions provide precise semantic definitions for elements used
in the specification of individual applications or types of applications for the purpose of
interoperability. Definitional extensions exist in the following categories:
⎯ Activity Extensions;
⎯ Temporal and State Extensions;
⎯ Activity Ordering and Duration Extensions;
⎯ Resource Roles;
⎯ Resource Sets;
⎯ Processor Activity Extensions.
Individual users or groups of users of ISO 18629 may need to extend ISO 18629 for specifying
concepts that are currently absent in parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629. They shall use the elements
presented in ISO 18629 for doing so. User-defined extensions and their definitions constitute
definitional extensions but shall not become part of parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629.
Certain parts are under development
Note: User-defined extensions must conform to ISO 18629 as defined in ISO 18629-1:2004, 5.1 and 5.2.
Parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629 provide:
⎯ the semantic definitions, using concepts in ISO 18629-11 and ISO 18629-12, of elements that are
specific to the six concepts outlined above;
⎯ a set of axioms for constraining the use of elements in definitional extensions.
The parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629 do not provide:
⎯ definitions and axioms for concepts that are part of the ISO 18629-11 and ISO 18629-12;
⎯ elements that are not defined using the elements in ISO 18629-11 and ISO 18629-12;
⎯ user-defined extensions.
5. Organization of this part of ISO 18629
The fundamental theories that constitute this part of ISO 18629 are:
⎯ Strong partially ordered activities;
⎯ Duration constraints for activity occurrences;
⎯ State-based duration;
⎯ Time-based duration;
⎯ Duration based on state and time;
⎯ Ordering and duration constraints on activity occurrences;
⎯ Ordering and duration constraints on embedded activity occurrences;
⎯ Spoilage preconditions for activities;
⎯ Scheduled embedding constraints;
⎯ Duration-based effects;
⎯ Effects of activities based on duration and state;
⎯ Complex sequence ordering relations.
All definitional extensions in this part of ISO 18629 are extensions of the ISO 18629-13, itself an
extension of ISO 18629-12 and ISO 18629-11.
6. Strong partially ordered activities
This clause characterizes all definitions pertaining to Strong partially ordered activities.
6.1 Primitive lexicon of the Strong partially ordered activities
No primitive relations are introduced by the lexicon of Strong partially ordered activities.
6.2 Defined lexicon for concepts of Strong partially ordered activities
The following relations are defined in this clause:
⎯ (same_bag ?s1 ?s2 ?a);
⎯ (snapshot ?s1 ?s2 ?a);
⎯ (rotate ?s ?a);
⎯ (reflect ?s ?a);
⎯ (flip ?s ?a);
⎯ (turn ?s ?a);
⎯ (bag ?occ);
⎯ (strong_poset ?occ);
⎯ (choice_poset ?occ);
⎯ (complex_poset ?occ).
Each concept is described by informal semantics and a KIF axiom.
6.3 Core theories required by Strong partially ordered activities
This extension requires:
⎯ soo.th;
⎯ act_occ.th;
⎯ complex.th;
⎯ atomic.th;
⎯ subactivity.th;
⎯ occtree.th;
⎯ psl_core.th.
6.4 Definitional extensions required by Strong partially ordered activities
No definitional extensions are required by Strong partially ordered activities.
6.5 Definitions of concepts for Strong partially ordered activities
The following concepts are defined for Strong partially ordered activities.
6.5.1 same_bag
This relation is used to specify which subactivity occurrences are elements of the same AND-junction.
(forall (?s1 ?s2 ?a) (iff (same_bag ?s1 ?s2 ?a)
(exists (?s3 ?s4)
(and (next_subocc ?s1 ?s3 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s3 ?s2)
(next_subocc ?s2 ?s4 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s4 ?s1)))))
6.5.2 snapshot
The subactivity occurrence ?s1 in the activity tree for ?a is order-homomorphic to the element ?s2 of
the subactivity occurrence ordering.
(forall (?s1 ?s2 ?a) (iff (snapshot ?s1 ?s2 ?a)
(and (iso_occ ?s1 ?s2)
(soo ?s2 ?a)
(implies (root_soo ?s2 ?a)
(root ?s1 ?a))
(forall (?s3)
(implies (soo_precedes ?s3 ?s2 ?a)
(exists (?s4)
(and (min_precedes ?s4 ?s1 ?a)
(or (mono ?s3 ?s4 ?a)
(= ?s3 ?s4)))))))))
6.5.3 rotate
Within the activity tree for ?a containing ?s, the set of next subactivity occurrences is a copy of the set
of siblings for ?s.
(forall (?s ?a) (iff (rotate ?s ?a)
(and (forall (?s1)
(implies (next_subocc ?s ?s1 ?a)
(exists (?s2)
(and (sibling ?s ?s2 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s2)))))
(forall (?s3)
(implies (sibling ?s ?s3 ?a)
(same_bag ?s ?s3 ?a))))))
6.5.4 reflect
Within the activity tree for ?a containing ?s, the set of next subactivity occurrences is a copy of the set
of successors of ?s in the subactivity occurrence ordering.
(forall (?s ?a) (iff (reflect ?s ?a)
(forall (?s1)
(iff (next_subocc ?s ?s1 ?a)
(exists (?s2 ?s3)
(and (next_soo ?s2 ?s3 ?a)
(snapshot ?s ?s2 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s3)))))))
6.5.5 flip
Within the activity tree for ?a containing ?s, the set of next subactivity occurrences is a copy of the set
of successors of ?s in the subactivity occurrence ordering, together with a copy of the siblings of ?s.
(forall (?s ?a) (iff (flip ?s ?a)
(forall (?s1)
(iff (next_subocc ?s ?s1 ?a)
(or (exists (?s2 ?s3)
(and (snapshot ?s ?s2 ?a)
(next_soo ?s2 ?s3 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s3)))
(exists (?s2)
(and (sibling ?s ?s2 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s2))))))))
6.5.6 turn
Within the activity tree for ?a containing ?s, the set of next subactivity occurrences is a copy of the set
of successors of ?s in the subactivity occurrence ordering, together with a copy of the siblings of ?s
that are in the same bag.
(forall (?s ?a) (iff (turn ?s ?a)
(and (exists (?s5)
(and (sibling ?s5 ?a)
(same_bag ?s ?s5 ?a)))
(forall (?s1)
(implies (next_subocc ?s ?s1 ?a)
(or (exists (?s2 ?s3)
(and (snapshot ?s ?s2 ?a)
(next_soo ?s2 ?s3 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s3)))
(exists (?s2)
(and (sibling ?s ?s2 ?a)
(iso_occ ?s1 ?s2))))))))
6.5.7 bag
A bag is an activity tree in which all elements are rotated. Intuitively, this corresponds to a process
flow diagram which contains only AND junctions with no linear orderings.
(forall (?occ) (iff (bag ?occ)
(forall (?a ?s ?occ1)
(implies (and (same_grove ?occ ?occ1)
(occurrence_of ?occ ?a)
(subactivity_occurrence ?s ?occ1))
(rotate ?s ?a)))))
6.5.8 choice_poset
A choice poset is an activity tree in which all elements are reflected. Intuitively, this corresponds to a
process flow diagram which contains only OR junctions.
(forall (?occ) (iff (choice_poset ?occ)
(forall (?a ?s ?occ1)
(implies (and (same_grove ?occ ?occ1)
(occurrence_of ?occ ?a)
(subactivity_occurrence ?s ?occ1))
(reflect ?s ?a)))))
6.5.9 strong_poset
A strong poset is an activity tree in which all elements are flipped. Intuitively, this corresponds to a
process flow diagram which contains linear orderings within AND junctions.
(forall (?occ) (iff (strong_poset ?occ)
(forall (?a ?s ?occ1)
(implies (and (same_grove ?occ ?occ1)
(occurrence_of ?occ ?a)
(subactivity_occurrence ?s ?occ1))
(flip ?s ?a)))))
6.5.10 complex_poset
A complex poset is an activity tree in which all elements are turned. Intuitively, this corresponds to a
process flow diagram which contains both AND and OR junctions.
(forall (?occ) (iff (complex_poset ?occ)
(forall (?a ?s ?occ1)
(implies (and (same_grove ?occ ?occ1)
(occurrence_of ?occ ?a)
(subactivity_occurrence ?s ?occ1))
(turn ?s ?a)))))
6.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Strong partially ordered activities
The following grammar sentences describe process descriptions and auxiliary rules specified in KIF
for Strong partially ordered activities.
NOTE: The function and importance of grammar sentences in ISO 18629 is explained in ISO 18629-1: 2004,
3.1.9, 4.3.4, and 5.1.
< strongposet_spec > ::= (and (strong_poset ?occ)
< soo_axiom >)
< tree_formula > ::= (exists (< variable >+)
(and (same_tree < variable > ?occ)
(subactivity_occurrence < variable > < variable >)))
< precedes_formula > ::= (soo_precedes < variable > < variable > < term >) |
(and < precedes_formula >+)
< parallel_formula > ::= (parallel < variable > < variable > <
term >) |
(and < precedes_formula >+)
< soo_axiom > ::=
(forall (?occ < variable >*)
(implies (exists (< variable >+)
(and < precedes_formula >*
< parallel_formula >*
< tree_formula >))))
7. Duration constraints for activity occurrences
This clause characterizes all definitions pertaining to Duration constraints for activity occurrences.
7.1 Primitive lexicon of Duration constraints for activity occurrences
No primitive relations are introduced by the lexicon of Duration constraints for activity occurrences.
7.2 Defined lexicon of Duration constraints for activity occurrences
The following functions are defined in this clause:
⎯ (dur ?occ);
⎯ (delay ?occ1 ?occ2).
The following relations are defined in this clause:
⎯ (dur_equiv ?occ1 ?occ2);
⎯ (delay_equiv?occ1 ?occ2);
⎯ (constant ?a);
⎯ (interval_duration ?a);
⎯ (variable ?a).
Each concept is described by informal semantics and a KIF axiom.
7.3 Core theories required by Duration constraints for activity occurrences
This definitional extension requires;
⎯ duration.th;
⎯ psl_core.th.
7.4 Definitional extensions required by Duration constraints for activity occurrences
No definitional extensions are required
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