ISO 18097:2013
(Main)Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of maximum service temperature
Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of maximum service temperature
ISO 18097:2013 specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the maximum service temperature of flat insulation products. It is applicable to thermal insulating products.
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations industrielles — Détermination de la température maximale de service
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18097
First edition
2013-03-01
Thermal insulating products for
building equipment and industrial
installations — Determination of
maximum service temperature
Produits isolants thermiques pour l’équipement du bâtiment et
les installations industrielles — Détermination de la température
maximale de service
Reference number
ISO 18097:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Test specimens. 3
6.1 Dimensions of test specimens . 3
6.2 Number of test specimens . 4
6.3 Conditioning of test specimens . 4
7 Procedure. 4
7.1 Test conditions . 4
7.2 Test procedure . 4
8 Calculation and expression of results . 5
8.1 Thickness deformation versus time . 5
8.2 Dimensional changes . 5
8.3 Additional tests and/or observations . 6
8.4 Internal self-heating . 6
9 Accuracy of measurement . 7
10 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Modifications of and additions to the general test method for mineral
wool products . 9
Annex B (normative) Modifications of and additions to the general test method for cellular
glass products .12
Annex C (normative) Modifications of and additions to the general test method for phenolic
foam products.13
Annex D (normative) Modifications of and additions to the general test method for polyethylene
foam (PEF) and flexible elastomeric foam (FEF) products .15
Bibliography .17
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18097 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods.
ISO 18097 includes the original EN 14706 prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 88, Thermal
insulating materials and products. However, the following have been modified to reflect conditions for
tropical countries:
6.3 “Conditioning of test specimens”;
7.1 “Test conditions”;
Clause 10 “Test report.”
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of existing European Standards on test methods for
products used to insulate building equipment and industrial installations which comprises the following
group of International Standards:
Respective
ISO standard Title
EN standard
ISO 12623 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13472
tions — Determination of short-term water absorption by partial immersion
of preformed pipe insulation
ISO 12624 Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13468
tions — Determination of trace quantities of water soluble chloride, fluoride,
silicate, sodium ions and pH
ISO 12628 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13467
tions — Determination of dimensions, squareness and linearity of preformed
pipe insulation
ISO 12629 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13469
tions — Determination of water vapour transmission properties of pre-
formed pipe insulation
ISO 18096 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 14707
tions — Determination of maximum service temperature for preformed pipe
insulation
ISO 18097 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 14706
tions — Determination of maximum service temperature
ISO 18098 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13470
tions — Determination of the apparent density of preformed pipe insulation
ISO 18099 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installa- EN 13471
tions — Determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion
A further series of existing European Standards on test methods was adopted by ISO. This “package” of
standards comprises the following group of interrelated standards:
Respective
ISO standard Title
EN standard
ISO 12344 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12089
bending behaviour
ISO 12968 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination EN 13495
of the pull-off resistance of external thermal insulation composite systems
(ETICS) (foam block test)
ISO 29465 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 822
length and width
ISO 29466 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 823
thickness
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
ISO 29467 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 824
squareness
ISO 29468 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 825
flatness
ISO 29469 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 826
compression behaviour
ISO 29470 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1602
the apparent density
ISO 29471 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination EN 1603
of dimensional stability under constant normal laboratory conditions
(23 degrees C/50 % relative humidity)
ISO 29472 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1604
dimensional stability under specified temperature and humidity conditions
ISO 29764 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1605
deformation under specified compressive load and temperature conditions
ISO 29765 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1607
tensile strength perpendicular to faces
ISO 29766 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1608
tensile strength parallel to faces
ISO 29767 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1609
short-term water absorption by partial immersion
ISO 29768 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12085
linear dimensions of test specimens
ISO 29769 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12430
behaviour under point load
ISO 29770 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12431
thickness for floating-floor insulating products
ISO 29771 Thermal insulating materials for building applications — Determination of EN 13820
organic content
ISO 29803 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of EN 13497
the resistance to impact of external thermal insulation composite systems
(ETICS)
ISO 29804 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of EN 13494
the tensile bond strength of the adhesive and of the base coat to the thermal
insulation material
ISO 29805 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of EN 13496
the mechanical properties of glass fibre meshes
ISO 16534 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1606
compressive creep
ISO 16535 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12087
long-term water absorption by immersion
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
ISO 16536 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12088
long-term water absorption by diffusion
ISO 16537 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12090
shear behaviour
ISO 16544 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Conditioning to EN 12429
moisture equilibrium under specified temperature and humidity conditions
ISO 16545 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 13793
behaviour under cyclic loading
ISO 16546 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12091
freeze-thaw resistance
The Application of Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement),
Modes 1, 2, 4, and 5, was not approved by CEN/TC 88 and the necessity not seen by its stakeholders.
This International Standard is one of a series of standards which specify test methods for determining
dimensions and properties of thermal insulating materials and products. The original EN 14706 supports
a series of product standards for thermal insulating materials and products which derive from the
Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations, and administrative
provisions of the Member States relating to construction products (Directive 89/106/EEC) through the
consideration of the essential requirements.
This International Standard contains the following four normative annexes:
Annex A — Modifications of and additions to the general test method for mineral wool products;
Annex B — Modifications of and additions to the general test method for cellular glass products;
Annex C — Modifications of and additions to the general test method for phenolic foam products;
Annex D — Modifications of and additions to the general test method for polyethylene foam (PEF)
and flexible elastomeric foam (FEF) products.
This International Standard has been prepared for products used to insulate building equipment and
industrial installations, but it may also be applied to products used in other areas.
1)
A similar standard is available for testing of preformed pipe insulation: ISO 18096:— , Thermal
insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of maximum
service temperature for preformed pipe insulation.
1) To be published.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18097:2013(E)
Thermal insulating products for building equipment and
industrial installations — Determination of maximum
service temperature
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the maximum
service temperature of flat insulation products. It is applicable to thermal insulating products.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 7884-1, Glass — Viscosity and viscometric fixed points — Part 1: Principles for determining viscosity
and viscometric fixed points
ISO 7884-7, Glass — Viscosity and viscometric fixed points — Part 7: Determination of annealing point and
strain point by beam bending
ISO 16544, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Conditioning to moisture equilibrium
under specified temperature and humidity conditions
ISO 29466, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness
ISO 29768, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of linear dimensions of
test specimens
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
maximum service temperature
highest temperature at which the insulation product, when installed at the recommended thickness in a
given application, continues to function within specified limits of performance
[SOURCE: ISO 9229:2007, definition 2.6.9.1]
Note 1 to entry: The required performance may be in the areas of dimensional stability, thermal properties,
and mechanical properties, as well as changes in appearance and resistance against creation of hazards such as
internal self-heating (see Annexes A and C and possible requirements in the relevant product standard).
Note 2 to entry: In the present test procedure, which is used as a reference, the test specimen is exposed to
a temperature difference going from ambient to the maximum service temperature. This may not reflect the
actual application conditions when products are exposed to different temperatures on the two main faces, e.g. in
multilayer systems or for faced products where the facing may limit the maximum service temperature.
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
4 Principle
Measure thickness, length, and width after one-sided heat treatment for a specified time period, at the
maximum service temperature, achieved using a specified rate of temperature increase. The thickness
of the test specimen is measured during heat treatment, and the length and width only after cooling to
ambient temperature.
NOTE The procedure may be an iterative process.
Additional requirements for assessing the maximum service temperature of specific materials are
described in normative annexes to this International Standard or the relevant product standard or any
other international technical specification.
5 Apparatus
A general arrangement of the apparatus is indicated in Figure 1 and comprises:
5.1 Flat square or circular hot plate, with a uniform temperature distribution in the measuring zone
on the hot face and a heat flux perpendicular to the face of the hot plate. The deviation from flatness of the
hot plate shall not exceed 1 mm in the measuring zone at ambient temperature.
The hot plate shall be capable of being controlled to within ± 2 % of a predetermined temperature or
± 10 °C, whichever is smaller.
The hot plate shall be capable of being heated at 50 °C/h and/or 300 °C/h.
If a small-size equipment (e.g. Ø 100 mm) is used, the free movement of the test specimen during the test
is critical and shall be controlled strictly.
5.2 Edge insulation, with a gap as small as possible (e.g. ≤ 1 mm/100 mm test specimen size) which
will permit free movement during the test of the test specimen and of the pressure plate.
5.3 Square or circular pressure plate, with the same dimensions as the test specimen exerting the
required load on the test specimen.
5.4 Device, e.g. electromechanical, for measuring the thickness of the test specimen during the test to
the nearest 0,1 mm.
When determining the thickness of the test specimen, the thermal movement of the apparatus (e. g.
quartz rod) shall be taken into account up to the maximum service temperature.
5.5 Temperature sensors, e.g. thermocouples, capable of recording the hot plate temperature to the
nearest ± 1 % in centigrade but not less than ± 1 °C, which are placed within grooves on the hot plate.
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 device for measuring thickness, e.g. electromechanical 5 hot plate
device 6 thermocouple
2 test specimen 7 small gap
3 pressure plate
4 edge insulation
Figure 1 — Example of an apparatus for determining maximum service temperature
6 Test specimens
6.1 Dimensions of test specimens
Length and width: Test specimens shall be cut as squares or cylinders (as appropriate) and the cross-
section dimensions shall be as follows:
100 mm × 100 mm (or diameter 100 mm) or
150 mm × 150 mm (or diameter 150 mm) or
200 mm × 200 mm (or diameter 200 mm) or
300 mm × 300 mm (or diameter 300 mm).
Thickness: The thickness shall be (100 ± 5) mm, prepared by slicing if needed.
The length and width or diameter shall be as specified in the relevant product standard or in annexes
to this International Standard.
NOTE 1 In the absence of a product standard or any other international technical specification, the dimensions
may be agreed between parties.
NOTE 2 Testing may be performed on multilayer systems to simulate the conditions existing in the application.
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
6.2 Number of test specimens
The number of test specimens shall be as specified in the relevant product standard. If the number is not
specified, then at least three test specimens shall be used.
NOTE In the absence of a product standard or any other international technical specification, the number of
test specimens may be agreed between parties.
6.3 Conditioning of test specimens
The test specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C. In case of dispute, they shall be stored at
(23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (RH) for the time specified in the relevant product standard
or at least 24 h.
In tropical countries, different conditioning and testing conditions can be relevant. In this case, the
conditions shall be (27 ± 5) °C and (65 ± 5) % RH.
7 Procedure
7.1 Test conditions
The initial temperature of the test specimen and the hot plate shall be (23 ± 5) °C.
In tropical countries, different conditioning and testing conditions can be relevant. In this case, the
conditions shall be (27 ± 5) °C and (65 ± 5) % RH.
7.2 Test procedure
Measure the length, l , and width, b , (or the diameter) of the test specimen in accordance with ISO 29768,
1 1
read to the nearest 0,5 mm.
Measure the thickness of the test specimen, d , in accordance with ISO 29466 using the load specified in
0
the relevant product standard.
Install the test specimen in the apparatus, ensuring contact between the test specimen and the hot plate.
Load the test specimen with a pressure of 500 Pa and record the thickness, d , to the nearest 0,1 mm.
1
NOTE For polyethylene foam and flexible elastomeric foam products, see Annex D.
Heat the test specimen using a temperature rate of increase of 50 °C/h or 300 °C/h, as specified in the
relevant product standard or annex of this International Standard.
Maintain the temperature of the hot side, at the expected maximum service temperature, for 72 h, within
± 2 % of this temperature or ± 10 °C, whichever is smaller.
Record the thickness continuously during the test and at the end of the 72-h period, d , to the nearest 0,1 mm.
2
Cool the test specimen in the equipment to a temperature of < 35 °C and remeasure the thickness, d ,
3
to the nearest 0,1 mm, unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standard or annex of this
International Standard.
Take the test specimen from the apparatus and remeasure the length, l , and the width, b , (or diameter)
2 2
of the test specimen as before to the nearest 0,5 mm.
In the case of non-rectangular edges, this shall be taken into account when measuring l and b (or diameter).
2 2
Examine the test specimen visually and note any changes caused by the test.
If the relevant product standard or annex of this International Standard specifies additional requirements,
the observations and/or tests shall be performed accordingly.
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Repeat the test procedure for the other test specimens.
8 Calculation and expression of results
8.1 Thickness deformation versus time
The curves thickness deformation versus time and temperature versus time recorded during testing
shall be given. An example is shown in Figure 2.
8.2 Dimensional changes
Calculate the dimensional changes of thickness, Δε , length, Δε , and width, Δε , in percentage, using the
d l b
following formulae:
-
d d
2o()r13
D = 100 x (1)
ed
d
1
-
l21l
Δe = 100× (2)
l
l1
-
b b
21
Δe = 100× (3)
b
b
1
where
d is the measured thickness installed before heating, in millimetres;
1
d is the measured thickness installed after the 72-h period at constant temperature, in mil-
2
limetres;
d is the measured thickness after cooling down to a temperature of < 35 °C, in millimetres;
3
l , b are the measured length and width before heating, in millimetres;
1 1
l , b are the measured length and width after the 72-h period at constant temperature and after
2 2
cooling down, in millimetres.
In case of circular test specimens, the diameter/diameter change is calculated instead of length and
width. Formula (2) can be used by inserting diameter instead of length.
If the dimensional change in thickness is larger by using d instead of d in Formula (1), this thickness
3 2
shall be used in the calculation of the test result.
Calculate the test result as the mean values of dimensional changes, De , De , and De , as a percentage
d l b
rounded to the nearest 0,5 % from the test results of the individual test specimens.
If the change in the mean value (test result) for any of the dimensions exceeds the value specified in
the relevant product standard, the test shall be repeated at a lower temperature until the dimensional
changes are smaller than or equal to the specified value. This temperature is then considered as the
maximum service temperature (see Figure 3), providing that the requirements given in 8.3 and 8.4 are
also fulfilled.
The steps in centigrade for the indication of the maximum service temperature shall be as specified in
the relevant product standard or annex to this International Standard. If the steps are not specified, the
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
maximum service temperature shall be declared in steps of not less than 5 °C for temperatures up to
100 °C and in steps of not less than 10 °C for temperatures above 100 °C.
NOTE Results may not be comparable for a product tested at different thicknesses and/or different loads.
8.3 Additional tests and/or observations
The result of the visual examination shall be noted.
If a relevant annex of this International Standard and/or the relevant product standard specifies
additional requirements, the calculations and/or observations shall be noted accordingly.
8.4 Internal self-heating
Evidence of internal self-heating is found when the test specimen temperature at any time during the
test exceeds the temperature of the hot plate.
The test procedure is described in the relevant annexes of this International Standard.
Key
1 period of heating
2 period of testing
Δε change in thickness in percentage
d
ϑ temperature of the hot plate in centigrade
H
t time in hours
Figure 2 — Example of hot plate temperature and thickness change versus time curves
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ISO 18097:2013(E)
Key
1 maximum change of thickness of the relevant product standard in percentage
2 maximum service temperature in centigrade
Δε change in thickness in percentage
d
ϑ temperature of the hot plate in centigrade
H
Figure 3 — Example of determination of the maximum service temperature (after 72 h)
9 Accuracy of measurement
An interlaboratory test was performed with ten pieces of equipment from seven laboratories. Two
products were tested.
The results, analysed according to ISO 5725-2:1994, are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Relative change of thickness at a chosen temperature
(equipment verificati
...
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