ISO 3689:2024
(Main)Paper and board — Determination of bursting strength after immersion in water
Paper and board — Determination of bursting strength after immersion in water
This document specifies a method for the determination of the wet strength of paper and board by measuring its bursting strength after it has been immersed in water for a specified period. The method is applicable to most kinds of paper and board, provided that an appropriate immersion time is agreed between the interested parties. Different results can be found if the sample is re-tested after a period of time.
Papier et carton — Détermination de la résistance à l'éclatement après immersion dans l'eau
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 3689
Third edition
Paper and board — Determination
2024-10
of bursting strength after
immersion in water
Papier et carton — Détermination de la résistance à l'éclatement
après immersion dans l'eau
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus, reagents and materials . 2
6 Sampling . 4
7 Test pieces . 4
7.1 Preparation .4
7.2 Conditioning.4
8 Procedure . 4
8.1 Immersion .4
8.1.1 Immersion of the test pieces .4
8.1.2 Immersion times . .4
8.1.3 Excess water removal .5
8.2 Determination .5
8.3 Number of tests .5
9 Expression of results . 5
10 Precision . 6
11 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Examples for support systems . 8
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
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this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3689:1983), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Clause 2 has been updated;
— Terms for burst index (3.3), felt side (3.4), and wire side (3.5) have been added in Clause 3;
— Clause 5 has been revised;
— 7.2 “conditioning” has been updated;
— Clause 8 “Procedure” is revised, especially immersion time (8.1.2) and excess water removal (8.1.3) has
been added;
— Former 8.3 “determination” in particular the limits of the bursting strength are revised;
— Former 8.4 “number of tests” is revised;
— Former Clause 9 “Expression of results” is technically revised;
— Clause 10 “Precision” has been updated;
— Clause 11 “Test report” is revised;
— Annex A with examples of possible support systems has been added;
— editorially revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 3689:2024(en)
Paper and board — Determination of bursting strength after
immersion in water
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the wet strength of paper and board by measuring
its bursting strength after it has been immersed in water for a specified period.
The method is applicable to most kinds of paper and board, provided that an appropriate immersion time is
agreed between the interested parties.
Different results can be found if the sample is re-tested after a period of time.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 2758, Paper — Determination of bursting strength
ISO 2759, Board — Determination of bursting strength
ISO 14487, Pulps — Standard water for physical testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bursting strength after immersion
limited resistance offered by a single sheet of paper or board, after immersion in water to a uniformly
distributed pressure applied at right angles to its surface up to the point at which it breaks, under the
specified conditions of test
3.2
bursting strength retention after immersion
percentage ratio of the bursting strength of a single sheet of paper or board after immersion in water to that
of the same paper or board in the dry state measured under the specified conditions of test
3.3
burst index
bursting strength of paper, in kilopascals, divided by the grammage of the paper
Note 1 to entry: Grammage of the paper is determined in accordance with ISO 536.
[SOURCE: ISO 2758:2014, 3.2, modified — text from the definition moved to Note 1 to entry.]
3.4
felt side
Right side
Top side
side of a sheet of machine-made paper that was not in contact with the wire of the papermaking machine
during manufacture
3.5
wire side
side of a sheet or web of paper that was formed in contact with the papermaking machine's forming wire, as
opposed to that formed on the top side of the paper
4 Principle
Immersion in water for the specific period (see 8.1.2) of a test piece of the paper or board to be tested and
determination of the bursting strength.
5 Apparatus, reagents and materials
5.1 Burst testing apparatus in accordance with ISO 2758 or ISO 2759
5.1.1 Burst tester, configured in accordance with ISO 2758, for papers having expected wet bursting
strengths within the range of 70 kPa to 1 400 kPa.
5.1.2 Burst tester, configured in accordance with ISO 2759, for all types of board (including corrugated
and solid fibreboard) having bursting strengths within the range 350 kPa to 5 500 kPa and for papers or
boards having bursting strengths as low as 250 kPa if the paper or board is to be used to prepare a material
of higher bursting strength, such as corrugated board.
2 2
5.2 Blotting paper, with a grammage of 250 g/m ± 25 g/m . The blotting paper shall have dimensions
larger than the test piece and smaller than the width of the metal roller (5.3).
5.3 Metal roller with a smooth face, 200 mm wide ±10 mm, a diameter of 90 mm ± 10 mm, and a mass of
10 kg ± 0,5 kg.
5.4 Tank of water, maintained under a standard atmosphere according to ISO 187, large enough to
hold the test pieces in a vertical position, cleaned with reagent water (5.6) to ensure that it is free from
surfactants. The temperature shall be measured with a thermometer before immersion (5.7) to ensure that
the water temperature is maintained in accordance with ISO 187.
If the tank (5.4) is maintained in a non-conditioned atmosphere, the tank shall include thermostatic control
in accordance with ISO 187. If evaporation could expose samples to the air, a lid shall be added and the water
level shall be monitored. Tanks should be cleaned periodically using tap water, cloths, and brushes with a
following tap water rinse to eliminate any paper fibre film on the tank side walls and bottoms.
The used temperature shall be stated in the test report (see Clause 11).
5.5 Support system, either in the vertical or horizontal attitude, to facilitate immersion (8.1) in water
and to prevent a test piece from folding over on itself or coming in contact with other test pieces (examples
are given in Annex A, Figures A.1 to A.4). A sketch of a possible support system is shown in Figure 1. The
support system shall keep the test pieces:
a) above the bottom of the soak tank;
b) 20 mm below the surface of the water;
c) away from the sides/ends
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