ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd 1:2004

Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5: Multimedia description schemes — Amendment 1: Multimedia description schemes extensions

Technologies de l'information — Interface de description du contenu multimédia — Partie 5: Schémas de description multimédia — Amendement 1: Extensions de schémas de description multimédia

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Jun-2004
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 29-Jun-2004
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Amends: ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 - Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5: Multimedia description schemes
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Child: ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 - Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5: Multimedia description schemes
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15938-5
First edition
2003-05-15
AMENDMENT 1
2004-07-01
Information technology — Multimedia
content description interface —
Part 5:
Multimedia description schemes
AMENDMENT 1: Multimedia description

schemes extensions
Technologies de l'information — Interface de description du contenu
multimédia —
Partie 5: Schémas de description multimédia
AMENDEMENT 1: Extensions de schémas de description multimédia

Reference number
ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004
ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Amendment 1 to ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,
Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia
information.
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)

Information technology — Multimedia content description
interface —
Part 5:
Multimedia description schemes
AMENDMENT 1: Multimedia description schemes extensions
Except where noted otherwise, add the content of the following subclauses at the end of the corresponding
subclauses of ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003.

4.2.1 Introduction
This subclause also specifies extensions of two tools defined in ISO/IEC 15938-5. The AudioDType and
AudioDSType are extended by providing each with an optional attribute that denotes which audio channels are
used in computing the values of the Audio D and Audio DS, respectively. The convention of handling multi-
channel signals (e.g. 5.1 surround format) is given in more details in ISO/IEC 15938-4.
In 4.2.2 Base types syntax, replace the syntax definition of Audio D and Audio DS with the following definition,
which adds new attributes:




















In 4.2.3 Base types semantics, replace the semantics definition of Audio D and Audio DS with the following
definition, which adds new attributes:

Semantics of the AudioDType:
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Name Definition
AudioDType
Describes audio features of multimedia content (abstract). AudioDType extends DType and
provides a base abstract type for audio Descriptors.
channels
Indicates which audio channels are used for computing the value of the Audio D (optional).
The channels descriptor applies for a multi-channel audio signal. If a value for channels is
not given, it is assumed by default that all audio channels are used to compute the value of the
Audio D. The channels attribute is specified as an integerVector that lists the relevant
audio channel numbers used for computing the Audio D.

Semantics of the AudioDSType:
Name Definition
AudioDSType
Describes audio concepts and audio features of multimedia content (abstract). AudioDSType
extends DType and provides a base abstract type for audio Description Schemes.
channels
Indicates which audio channels are used for computing the value of the Audio DS (optional).
The channels descriptor applies for a multi-channel audio signal. If a value for channels is
not given, it is assumed by default that all audio channels are used to compute the value of the
Audio DS. The channels attribute is specified as an integerVector that lists the relevant
audio channel numbers used for computing the Audio DS.

Add the following subclause 4.2.4 after 4.2.3.

4.2.4 Base types examples
The following example shows the use of AudioDType and the channels attribute in describing features of a
segment of audio using AudioWaveform D (defined in ISO/IEC 15398-4). The example shows that audio
channels 1, 2, and 3 are used for computing the first instance of the AudioWaveform D, audio channels 3 and 4
are used for computing the second instance of the AudioWaveform D, and audio channel 6 is used for computing
the final instance of the AudioWaveform D.








In 4.4.5.1 Introduction, replace the content with the following sentence.

This subclause specifies tools for describing different multimedia content entities. The different multimedia content
entity tools correspond to the different types of multimedia content: image, video, audio, AV data, mixed multimedia
content, signals, ink content, edited video, linguistic content, and text content.

4.4.5.2 Multimedia content entity description tools syntax



















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ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)




4.4.5.3 Multimedia content entity description tools semantics
Semantics of the LinguisticType:
Name Definition
LinguisticType
Multimedia content entity for describing linguistic content. Linguistic content is textual,
spoken, visually written, and other information that is regarded as natural-language
expressions or utterances. LinguisticType extends MultimediaContentType.
Linguistic
Describes the linguistic content. The linguistic content may correspond to a full linguistic
document or a segment. Linguistic is of type LinguisticDocumentType, which is
defined in 7.11.
Semantics of the TextType:
Name Definition
TextType
Multimedia content entity for describing textual information. The element Text
describes 1-D data stream representing characters of textual information.
TextType extends MultimediaContentType.
Text
Describes the textual information. Text is of type TextSegmentType.

4.4.5.4 Multimedia content entity description tools examples
The following example shows the use of the multimedia content entity LinguisticType for describing linguistic
content. The example describes the linguistic annotation of the sentence: “Tom visited his mother.”







Tom
visited
his mother .






The following example shows the use of the multimedia content entity TextType for describing a textual document
corresponding to a movie review.
4 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)






file://review.txt



Movie review





6.5.1 Introduction
This subclause also defines a stream locator.

Add the following subclause 6.5.7 after subclause 6.5.6.

6.5.7 StreamLocator datatype
6.5.7.1 Introduction
The StreamLocator describes the location of data within a stream.
6.5.7.2 StreamLocator datatype syntax













6.5.7.3 StreamLocator datatype semantics
Semantics of the StreamLocatorType:
Name Definition
StreamLocatorType
Specifies the location of a data stream such as data representing textual
information. Localization within a data stream can be specified using the
StreamSection element.
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ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Name Definition
StreamSection
Specifies the localization of a section within a given data stream using a
number of units to specify the start and length. If only the start is specified,
the segment is "open-ended", i.e., the end of the section corresponds to the
end of the located media data. Units can be for instance characters or bytes
Replace 7.4.2.1, 7.4.2.2 and 7.4.2.3 with the following.
7.4.2.1 Introduction
The SubjectClassificationScheme DS allows encoding of standard thesauri and classification schemes
such as Library of Congress Thesaurus of Graphical Material (TGM)-I and Library of Congress Subject Headings
(LCSH). The SubjectClassificationScheme DS generically accommodate more complex thesauri and
classification schemes than those supported by the Classification Scheme DS defined in ISO/IEC 15938-5.
The SubjectClassificationScheme DS extends the ClassificationSchemeBaseType DS. The
SubjectClassificationScheme DS includes attributes defined in the ClassificationScheme DS, but also
further accommodates notes and subdivisions, which cannot be encoded using the ClassificationScheme DS.
In order to accommodate subdivisions, the SubjectClassificationScheme DS defines a subdelim tag
definition. The subdelim tag is used to allow subdivision of defined terms by providing additional terms that
subdivide those concepts. For example, in TGM I subdivisions are preceded by two tag characters and the tag
character is often used to join terms in a description that subdivide the main term (e.g., Gambling--United States--
1910-1920). In order to accommodate the use of subdivisions, a modification of the resolution procedure for
controlled terms and classification schemes is proposed in order to allow the addition of subdivision terms to any
controlled term.
7.4.2.2 ClassificationScheme DS syntax
The following defines the syntax of the SubjectClassificationScheme DS:








maxOccurs="unbounded"/>





7.4.2.3 ClassificationScheme DS semantics
Semantics of the SubjectClassificationScheme Type:
Name Definition
SubjectClassificationScheme Type
Describes a set of subject terms along with their meaning,
relations, notes and subdivisions.
SubjectClassificationScheme Type extends
ClassificationSchemeBaseType.
6 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Name Definition
Term
Describes a term in the subject classification scheme. The
termID for each term shall be unique within the classification
scheme.
subdelim Describes a tag to be used in the subject classification
scheme for subdividing subjects. The tag must not be a
substring of any of the terms within the classification scheme.

Add the following subclause 7.4.2.5.3 after subclause 7.4.2.5.2.

7.4.2.5.3 SubjectClassificationScheme DS examples
7.4.2.5.3.1 Example 1
The following example shows the encoding of an excerpt of Library of Congress Thesaurus of Graphical Material
(TGM)-I using the proposed SubjectClassificationScheme DS. Notice that the subdivisions and notes of
TGM, which could not be adequately expressed using the ClassificationScheme DS defined in ISO/IEC
15938-5 can now be expressed with the SubjectClassificationScheme DS.
Committees --[nationality]--[country or state]--[city]
Public Note Body of persons appointed for a special function.
Broader Term Organizations
Related Term Delegations
Governmental investigations
Juries
The following describes the TGM-I excerpt using SubjectClassificationScheme DS:


uri="urn:example:TGMI" subdelim="--">

Committees
--[nationality]--[country or state]--[city]

Body of persons appointed for a special function.


Organizations


Delegations


Organizations


Juries





© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 7

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
7.4.2.5.3.2 Example 2
The following example shows the encoding of an excerpt of Library of Congress Thesaurus of Graphical Material
(TGM)-I using the proposed SubjectClassificationScheme DS. In this example, the types of notes and
relationships are described using externally defined classification schemes, i.e., using
urn:example:TGMI:Notes and urn:example:TGMI:Relations, respectively. This demonstrates the
capability of the SubjectClassificationScheme DS to be generalized to accommodate other schemes for
defining notes and relations between subjects and terms.
Diners (Restaurants)
--[country or state]--[city]
Public Note Includes activities and structures.
Broader Term Restaurants
The following describes the TGM-I excerpt using SubjectClassificationScheme DS:


uri="urn:example:TGMI" subdelim="--">

Diners (Restaurants)
--[country or state]--[city]

Includes activities and structures.


Restaurants





7.4.2.5.3.3 Example 3
The following example shows the encoding of an excerpt of Library of Congress Subject Headings using the
proposed SubjectClassificationScheme DS.
Construction Equipment (Indirect) (TH900)
sa Boring machinery
Building-Tools and implements
Scrapers (Earthmoving machinery)
x Builder’s plant
Construction Industry-Equipment and supplies
xx Building
Building-Tools and implements
Machinery
- Brakes (TH900)
- Drawing
See Construction equipment-Drawings
- Drawings
x Construction equipment-Drawing
xx Mechanical drawing
- Trade and manufacture (Indirect)
Construction equipment operators
see Construction machinery operators
8 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Construction hinges (Concrete)
see Concrete construction-Hinges

Construction Industry (Indirect)
Here are entered works dealing with…
sa Building
Building materials industry
x Building industry
xx Building
Example under reference from Industries
Note under Building
- Accidents
see Building-Accidents
(double)- Legal status, laws, etc. (Indirect)
- Energy conservation (TJ163.5C65)
Note under Energy Conservation

The following describes the LCSH excerpt using SubjectClassificationScheme DS:


uri="urn:example:TGMI">

Construction Equipment
Indirect
TH900

Boring machinery


Building-Tools and implements


Scrapers (Earthmoving machinery)


Builder’s plant


Construction Industry-Equipment and supplies


Building


Building-Tools and implements


Machinery


Brakes
TH900


Drawing

Construction equipment-Drawings
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 9

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)


Drawings

Construction equipment-Drawing


Mechanical drawing



Trade and manufacture
Indirect


Construction equipment operators

Construction machinery operators



Construction hinges (Concrete)

Concrete construction-Hinges





Construction Industry
Indirect
Here are entered works dealing with .

Building


Building materials industry


Building industry


Building

Example under reference from Industries
Note under Building

Accidents

Building-Accidents



Legal status, laws, etc.
Indirect


Energy conservation
TJ163.5C65
under Energy Conservation

10 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)




7.4.2.5.3.4 Example 4
The following encoding corresponds to a section of the TGM I classification scheme. As shown, some of the terms
have nationality, country or state, city subdivisions and/or notes. Note that the Health & welfare term contains only
a cataloguer’s note, and that the History term appears as a main term and also as a subdivision. In TGM I
subdivisions are optional and are included in the appendix. The –[nationality]--[country or state]--[city] facet
(example 1, example 5) indicates that the term may be subdivided according to the facet. For example, committees
(example 1) may be subdivided by all three facets, whereas Children & safety (below) should not be subdivided. All
terms may be chronologically subdivided, but the way the subdivision is made is not stipulated by TGM I. Finally,
only some terms can have certain subdivisions. These subdivisions are optional and are included in the appendix
of TGM I. For example, topical subdivisions are explicitly stated in the appendix- a list of suitable subdivisions is
provided for names of ethnic, racial, and regional groups, and for a specific list of classes of persons. It should also
be noted that some of the terms (e.g., proper names for these groups) are not explicitly in TGM I, but rather
obtained from LOC SH.
Children & safety
Related Term Children
Safety
4-H clubs
--[country or state]--[city]
Public Note Includes activities and structures.
Catalogers Note Double index under ORGANIZATIONS' FACILITIES (or NTs) for images
that focus on facilities.
Used For  Four-H clubs
Broader Term Clubs
Youth organizations
Related Term  Children
Farmers' groups
Health & welfare
Catalogers Note Used only as a subdivision with names of ethnic, racial, and
regional groups, and with classes of persons (Appendix A).

History
--[country or state]--[city]
Public Note  For the subject of history in general and the activities of
historians. Search also under the subdivision --HISTORY used with names of ethnic,
racial, and regional groups, and with classes of persons (Appendix A).
Catalogers Note Prefer the subdivision.
Related Term  Centennial celebrations
Civilization
Firsts
Historians
Time capsules
--History
Public Note  For the subject of a group’s development over a span of time.
Search also under the corresponding thesaurus term HISTORY.
Catalogers Note Used in a note under the corresponding thesaurus term HISTORY.

The following describes the TGM I excerpt using SubjectClassificationScheme DS:
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 11

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)


uri="urn:example:TGMI" subdelim="--">

Children & safety

Children


Safety



4-H clubs
--[country or state]--[city]

Includes activities and structures.


Double index under ORGANIZATIONS' FACILITIES (or NTs) for images
that focus on facilities.


Four-H clubs


Clubs

relation="urn:example:TGMI:Relations:BT">
Youth Organizations


Children

relation="urn:example:TGMI:Relations:RT">
Farmers’ groups



Health & welfare

Used only as a subdivision with names of ethnic, racial, and
regional groups, and with classes of persons (Appendix A).


History
--[country or state]--[city]

For the subject of history in general and the activities of
historians. Search also under the subdivision --HISTORY used with
names of ethnic, racial, and regional groups, and with classes of
persons (Appendix A).


Prefer the subdivision.

relation="urn:example:TGMI:Relations:RT">
12 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Centennial celebrations


Civilization


Firsts


Historians


Time capsules





7.4.2.5.3.5 Example 5
The following example illustrates the use of a term defined using the SubjectClassificationScheme DS. In
this example, the term is defined to allow subdivision. The instance of the term in the description includes
subdivisions. The resolution of the term requires that only the core term (part prior to subdelim tag) is resolved.
The part following the initial subdelim tag describes the subdivision, which is not resolved using the classification
scheme.
Consider the following definition of a subject classification scheme, which allows subdivision in the term “Railroad
dining cars” by [nationality], [country or state] and [city]. The subdelim tag is defined as “--“.


uri="urn:example:TGMI" subdelim="--">

Railroad dining cars
[nationality]--[country or state]--[city]

For images that focus on the exterior or interior of dining cars


Diners (Railroad cars)


Dining cars


Railroad passenger cars


Eating & drinking





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ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
The following example shows the use of the term “Railroad dining cars” in describing the cataloging of an
image. The term is referenced as follows: “urn:example:TGMI:Railroad dining cars--American--
New_York--New_York”. Since the definition of the SubjectClassificationScheme DS defines the
subdelim tag “--“, the term is referenced in urn:example:TGMI as “urn:example:TGMI:Diners”, whereas
the subdivision is described as “--American--New_York--New_York”.





image.jpg










7.4.3.1 Introduction
This subclause also defines the SubjectTermDefinition DS, which is used in defining terms in the
SubjectClassificationScheme DS.
7.4.3.2 TermDefinition DS syntax
The following defines the syntax of the SubjectTermDefinitionType:








minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>




type="mpeg7:termNoteQualifierType"
use="optional" default="PN"/>








14 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
type="mpeg7:termRelationQualifierType"
use="optional" default="NT"/>








The following defines the syntax of the termNoteQualifierType:

















7.4.3.3 TermDefinition DS semantics
Semantics of the SubjectTermDefinitionType:
Name Definition
SubjectTermDefinitionType
Describes a term definition in a subject classification scheme.
SubjectTermDefinitionType extends
TermDefinitionBaseType.
Classification
Describes a classification for the subject or term (optional).
Subdivision
Describes the subdivision of the subject or term (optional).
Note Describes a note for the subject or term (optional).
type
Indicates the type of the note. The default value is "PN" (public note).
Other values that are datatype-valid with respect to
mpeg7:termReferenceType are reserved.
Term
Describes a related subject or term (optional).
relation Indicates the type of the relation between the containing term and
the containing term. The default value is "NT" (narrower term). Other
values that are datatype-valid with respect to
mpeg7:termReferenceType are reserved.
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 15

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
Semantics of the termNoteQualifierType:
Name Definition
termNoteQualifierType
Indicates a type of note.
PN Public note.
CN
Cataloguer’s note.
HN
Historical note.
scope
Scope of term.
code Code for term.
The following defines the SubjectsRelationsClassificationScheme:




sa
Term is used, usually narrower or related.



x
Term is not used.


xx
Term is used, usually broader or related.



-
Subdivision.


--
Subdivision.


see
See term.




16 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
In 7.7.3.2 Relation DS syntax, replace the syntax definition of Relation DS with the following, which extends the
types of three attributes:










use="optional" default="true"/>
use="optional" default="1.0"/>






In 7.7.3.3 Relation DS semantics, replace the semantics definition of Relation DS with the following:

Name Definition
RelationType
Describes a relation among DS instances and controlled terms. The arguments of
a relation are categorized into the source (first) and the target (second)
arguments. Both the source and target arguments for a relation are ordered. A
relation may have a variable number of arguments in each of the source and the
target.
Identifies the relation type by a list of controlled terms in some classification
type
schemes. The default interpretation of this list is the sequential composition of the
binary relations represented by the controlled terms. Non-default interpretations
should be stipulated in the definitions of individual controlled terms.
Refers to the DS instances and/or controlled terms that are the source
source
argument(s) of the relation. The items contained in this attribute are ordered so
that the first one identifies the first source argument, the second one the second
argument, and so on.
Refers to the DS instances and/or controlled terms that are the target argument(s)
target
of the relation. The items contained in this attribute are ordered so that the first
one identifies the first target argument, the second one the second argument, and
so on.
Indicates that the relation is directed (optional). That is, the arguments of the
directed
relation are distinguished as source and target arguments. For undirected
relations no such distinction is made. The default value is true.
Indicates the strength of the relationship on a scale from [0,1], where one is the
strength
strongest value and zero the weakest (optional). This can be used to represent
fuzzy graphs. The default value is one.
termReferenceListType
Specifies a sequence of controlled-term references.
termReferenceType
Specifies a term reference. If a term reference is specified using anyURI, then
lexical spaces should be encoded by %20.

© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 17

ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd.1:2004(E)
7.7.3.5 Relation DS examples
The following example illustrates the use of term reference list to describe composition of two relations: “disjoint”
and “refines”. In this case, the “source” collection is “disjoint” from some entity that refines the “target” collection.














source="#source" target="#target"/>





In general, the type attribute defaults to represent the composition of the binary relations represented by the
controlled terms in its value, unless otherwise specified in the definition of the individual controlled terms. Namely,
type=”R R … R ” by default means that there are entities A , …, A such that A R A (A and A as the first and
1 2 n 0 n i-1 i i i-1 i
the second arguments, respectively, are in relation R) for 0 < i u n, A is the source argument, and A is the target
i 0 n
argument of the current relation. Thus we can skip explicit descriptions of the intermediate entities (A , …, A ) in the
2 n-1
composition; in the above example, we avoid explicit description of the entity that is disjoint from the “source”
collection and refines the “target” collection.
Similarly, the following example means that something appears from below a table (what appears is not explicitly
referred to in this description).
source="#anAppearanceEvent" target="#aTable"/>
A non-default example follows, which means that Tom is the first of those who gather.
source="#aGatheringEvent" target="#Tom"/>
Here, controlled term initial is not simply composed with object, but in
...