ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999
(Main)Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) - Part 4:
Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) - Part 4:
This Recommendation | International Standard provides for the unique registration of JPEG and SPIFF Profiles, SPIFF Tags, SPIFF colour Spaces, application specific Markers, SPIFF Compression types and images Registration authorities as defined in the CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. Unless otherwise specified, (P)rofiles, (T)ags, colour (S)paces, (M)arkers, (C)ompression types and image (R)egistration authorities will be referred to as PTSMCR items. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29 will delegate to a designated Authority the role to collect, study, approve, register and disseminate the relevant information to allow for the customization of JPEG standard. The following table gives an overview of the main issues about registration of PTSMCR items.
Technologies de l'information — Compression numérique et codage des images fixes de nature photographique: Enregistrement des profils JPEG, profils SPIFF, "SPIFF tags", espaces de couleur SPIFF, marqueurs APPn, types de compression SPIFF et autorités d'enregistrement (REGAUT) — Partie 4:
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) - Part 4:". This standard covers: This Recommendation | International Standard provides for the unique registration of JPEG and SPIFF Profiles, SPIFF Tags, SPIFF colour Spaces, application specific Markers, SPIFF Compression types and images Registration authorities as defined in the CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. Unless otherwise specified, (P)rofiles, (T)ags, colour (S)paces, (M)arkers, (C)ompression types and image (R)egistration authorities will be referred to as PTSMCR items. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29 will delegate to a designated Authority the role to collect, study, approve, register and disseminate the relevant information to allow for the customization of JPEG standard. The following table gives an overview of the main issues about registration of PTSMCR items.
This Recommendation | International Standard provides for the unique registration of JPEG and SPIFF Profiles, SPIFF Tags, SPIFF colour Spaces, application specific Markers, SPIFF Compression types and images Registration authorities as defined in the CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. Unless otherwise specified, (P)rofiles, (T)ags, colour (S)paces, (M)arkers, (C)ompression types and image (R)egistration authorities will be referred to as PTSMCR items. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29 will delegate to a designated Authority the role to collect, study, approve, register and disseminate the relevant information to allow for the customization of JPEG standard. The following table gives an overview of the main issues about registration of PTSMCR items.
ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.040 - Information coding; 35.040.30 - Coding of graphical and photographical information. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999/Amd 1:2013, ISO/IEC 10918-4:2024. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 10918-4
First edition
1999-08-15
Information technology — Digital
compression and coding of
continuous-tone still images: Registration
of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF
tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers,
SPIFF compression types and
Registration Authorities (REGAUT)
Technologies de l’information — Compression numérique et codage
des images fixes de nature photographique: Enregistrement des profils
JPEG, profils SPIFF, «SPIFF tags», espaces de couleur SPIFF,
marqueurs APPn, types de compression SPIFF et autorités
d’enregistrement (REGAUT)
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 1999
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© ISO/IEC 1999
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ii © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved
Contents
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references. 1
2.1 Identical ITU-T Recommendations | International Standards . 1
2.2 Additional references . 2
3 Definitions, abbreviations, and symbols. 2
3.1 Definitions. 2
3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms . 3
3.3 Symbols. 3
4 General . 3
4.1 JPEG and SPIFF profiles (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1). 3
4.1.1 Purpose of a profile . 4
4.1.2 Criteria for acceptance of a profile. 4
4.1.3 Contents of the submission. 4
4.1.4 Normative section. 4
4.2 SPIFF tags (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.2) . 5
4.2.1 Purpose of a SPIFF tag. 5
4.2.2 Criteria. 5
4.2.3 Contents of the submission. 5
4.3 SPIFF colour space (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1.1). 5
4.3.1 Purpose of a SPIFF colour space. 5
4.3.2 Criteria. 5
4.3.3 Contents of the submission. 6
4.4 APPn marker (see CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1, B.2.4.6). 6
4.4.1 Purpose of an APPn marker . 6
4.4.2 Criteria. 6
4.4.3 Contents of the submission. 6
4.5 SPIFF compression type (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1). 7
4.5.1 Purpose of SPIFF compression type registration . 7
4.5.2 Criteria. 7
4.5.3 Contents of the submission. 7
4.6 Registration Authority (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.3.2.13) . 7
4.6.1 Purpose of Image Registration Authority (REGAUT) IDs . 8
4.6.2 Criteria. 8
4.6.3 Contents of the submission. 8
5 Submission, review, and appeal process. 9
5.1 Submission process . 9
5.2 Review process. 9
5.3 Notification and appeal process . 10
Annex A – JPEG marker and SPIFF tag usage tables . 12
Annex B – Examples of registered PTSMCR items . 14
B.1 Example of a JPEG profile: NITFS Lossless JPEG Profile . 14
B.1.1 Normative description . 14
B.1.2 Informative description . 23
B.2 Example of SPIFF tag . 24
B.2.1 Normative description . 24
B.2.2 Origin of request. 24
B.2.3 Typical application. 24
B.2.4 Content . 24
B.3 Example of a SPIFF colour space . 24
B.3.1 Origin of request. 24
B.3.2 Typical application. 24
iii
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 10918 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 10918-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information,in
collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Recommendation T.86.
ISO/IEC 10918 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Digital compression
and coding of continuous-tone still images:
� Part 1: Requirements and guidelines
� Part 2: Compliance testing
� Part 3: Extensions
� Part 4: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF
compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT)
� Part 5: MHEG subset for base level implementation
Annexes A to C of this part of ISO/IEC 10918 are for information only.
Please note that the following definitions were omitted in subclause 3.2 “Abbreviations and Acronyms”:
JBIG Joint Bi-level Image experts Group
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
PTSMCR Profiles, Tags, colour Spaces, Markers, Compression type and REGAUT
REGAUT REGistration AUThority
SPIFF Still Picture Interchange File Format
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved v
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1998 (E)
ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E)
ITU-T RECOMMENDATION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND
CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES: REGISTRATION OF
JPEG PROFILES, SPIFF PROFILES, SPIFF TAGS, SPIFF COLOUR SPACES,
APPn MARKERS, SPIFF COMPRESSION TYPES AND
REGISTRATION AUTHORITIES (REGAUT)
1 Scope
This Recommendation | International Standard provides for the unique registration of JPEG and SPIFF Profiles,
SPIFF Tags, SPIFF colour Spaces, application specific Markers, SPIFF Compression types and images Registration
authorities as defined in the CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. Unless
otherwise specified, (P)rofiles, (T)ags, colour (S)paces, (M)arkers, (C)ompression types and image (R)egistration
authorities will be referred to as PTSMCR items. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29 will delegate to a designated Authority the role
to collect, study, approve, register and disseminate the relevant information to allow for the customization of
JPEG standard.
The following table gives an overview of the main issues about registration of PTSMCR items.
Designation Origin of requests Qty range Notes
P Profile std. implementers units fundamental issue
T index Tag application field tens various contents (Note 1)
S colour Space std implementers units technical issue
M Marker std implementers units restricted use
C Compression conceptor units standards use
R REGAUT institutions thousands through National Bodies (Note 2)
NOTE 1 – Tags can create a language problem, and this Recommendation | International Standard stipulates that only the English
version of the content can be registered to avoid misunderstanding. The National Bodies should provide translation facilities for
registrants in their countries.
NOTE 2 – Due to the large number of potential applicants, the PTSMCR Authority delegates the National Bodies to register new
REGAUTs. This disposition solves the language and the legal problems raised from different countries.
2 Normative references
The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through references in this text,
constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently
valid ITU-T Recommendations.
2.1 Identical ITU-T Recommendations | International Standards
– CCITT Recommendation T.81 (1992) | ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994, Information technology – Digital
compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Requirements and guidelines.
– ITU-T Recommendation T.82 (1993) | ISO/IEC 11544:1993, Information technology – Coded
representation of picture and audio information – Progressive bi-level image compression [plus
Technical Corrigendum 1 (1995)].
ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E) 1
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
– ITU-T Recommendation T.83 (1994) | ISO/IEC 10918-2:1995, Information technology – Digital
compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Compliance testing.
– ITU-T Recommendation T.84 (1996) | ISO/IEC 10918-3:1997, Information technology – Digital
compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions.
2.2 Additional references
– ITU-T Recommendation T.85 (1995), Application profile for Recommendation T.82 – Progressive
bi-level image compression (JBIG coding scheme) for facsimile apparatus.
– ITU-T Recommendation T.87 (1998) | ISO/IEC 14495-1: 1998, Information technology – Lossless and
near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images – Baseline.
– ISO 3166-1:1997, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1:
Country codes.
– ISO 8601:1988, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of
dates and times.
– ISO 8859-1:1987, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 1: Latin
alphabet No. 1.
– ISO 8859-2:1987, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 2: Latin
alphabet No. 2.
– ISO 8859-3:1988, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 3: Latin
alphabet No. 3.
– ISO 8859-4:1988, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 4: Latin
alphabet No. 4.
– ISO 8859-5:1988, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 5:
Latin/Cyrillic alphabet.
– ISO 8859-6:1987, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 6:
Latin/Arabic alphabet.
– ISO 8859-7:1987, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 7:
Latin/Greek alphabet.
– ISO 8859-8:1988, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 8:
Latin/Hebrew alphabet.
– ISO/IEC 8859-9:1989, Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets – Part 9:
Latin alphabet No. 5.
– ISO/IEC 8859-10:1992, Information technology – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets –
Part 10: Latin alphabet No. 6.
– ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, Information technology – Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
– Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
– CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) space, CIE Publication No. 15.2, Colorimetry, 2nd Ed. (1986).
3 Definitions, abbreviations, and symbols
3.1 Definitions
In addition to the definitions used in CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, the
following definitions used in this Recommendation | International Standard are listed below.
3.1.1 License Plate (LP): A unique identifier, appearing in the SPIFF directory, delivered by a REGAUT in
compliance with ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3 containing COPIR_ID, REGCON, REGAUT and REGID. The
length is 8 + 64 bits.
3.1.2 PROFILE: A specific set of capabilities, parameter values or ranges, and optionally file format. A specific
implementation of the encoding processes in CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 |
ISO/IEC 10918-3.
3.1.3 PTSMCR Authority: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 or its delegate is the PTSMCR Authority.
2 ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E)
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
3.1.4 PTSMCR Registration: Official unique listing of a profile, tag, colour space, marker, compression type, or
image Registration Authorities (REGAUT).
3.1.5 Joint Bi-level Image experts Group (JBIG): The joint ISO/ITU committee responsible for developing
standards for bi-level image coding. It also refers to the standard produced by this committee: ITU-T Rec. T.82 |
ISO/IEC 11544.
3.1.6 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG): The joint ISO/ITU committee responsible for developing
standards for continuous tone still picture coding. It also refers to the standards produced by this committee: CCITT
Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1, ITU-T T.83 | ISO/IEC 10918-2, and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3.
3.1.7 REGistration AUThority (REGAUT): An identifier specifying a particular registration authority as
designated by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29.
3.1.8 Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF): A file format defined by ITU-T Rec. T.84 |
ISO/IEC 10918-3 intended for use by a wide variety of applications to exchange still pictures.
3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following abbreviations apply.
3.3 Symbols
For a listing of symbols used in this Recommendation | International Standard see CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1
and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3.
4 General
This Specification provides for the unique registration of JPEG and SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces,
SPIFF compression types, image registration authorities, and application specific markers found in the CCITT Rec. T.81
| ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. Unless otherwise specified, (P)rofiles, (T)ags, colour
(S)paces, (M)arkers, (C)ompression type, and (R)egistration Authorities (REGAUT) will be referred to as PTSMCR
items. A registration authority, hereafter referred to as the PTSMCR Authority, shall collect all approved markers and
disseminate this information to allow for the customization of JPEG.
Registration of JPEG and SPIFF profiles and APPn markers gives implementers the ability to document the capabilities
and requirements of their JPEG and SPIFF implementations. The PTSMCR authority serves as a repository of this
information which may be queried by implementers to ensure interoperability. Registration of SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour
spaces and SPIFF compression types allows for the extension of SPIFF capabilities without requiring that new standards
be written. Image registration authorities provide producers of digital imagery unique identifiers to be inserted inside
image files for legal protection of content. Any institution which servers as an image registration authority must
empowered to do so by the PTSMCR Authority via the registration process.
4.1 JPEG and SPIFF profiles (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1)
Profiles shall define a specific set of capabilities and parameter values or ranges that are a subset of the JPEG standard.
A profile specifies the exact value, a range of values or an excluded status for every marker allowed in JPEG parts 1
and 3. For example, a JPEG profile could require restart markers, at certain intervals in the image, whereas the basic
standard provides that markers are optional.
These profiles may be assigned a SPIFF profile ID number (see the SPIFF file header syntax). There is a number
reserved for profiles that have not yet been registered and a number reserved to indicate that a profile number is defined
in a special tag. A profile ID number of 254 (X’FE’) is reserved for use in unregistered profiles. This profile ID may be
used provisionally while an applicant awaits assignment of a permanent profile ID from the PTSMCR Authority. The
profile ID number 255 (X’FF’) is reserved for future use and shall indicate that the profile ID number follows in a special
tag.
A profile is not intended to replace the normal signalling in a JPEG data stream. All necessary tags must still be present
even though they are redundant to a decoder that comprehends the profile.
NOTE – Signalling a profile shall be done either in the SPIFF header or in a separately registered APPn marker.
ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E) 3
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
4.1.1 Purpose of a profile
Profiles define conforming subsets or combinations of the specific markers and tags used to provide particular JPEG
functionality. The choice of options and ranges should be restricted so as to maximize the probability of achieving the
objective of the profile. A profile can also describe file format or non-JPEG functionality (e.g. colour spaces).
4.1.2 Criteria for acceptance of a profile
A proposed new profile shall meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It shall not duplicate a profile already defined.
• Valid – It shall be a valid instantiation of the JPEG standard or SPIFF format.
• Correct submission – It shall be a syntactically correct submission that includes appropriate explanations
of purpose.
• Utility – It shall demonstrate utility to the user.
Given these criteria are met, the profile shall be accepted.
4.1.3 Contents of the submission
The profile description shall include a normative section and an informative section. The normative section contains
information necessary to properly decode the data file. This section can point to other standards or describe, in detail,
application specific information necessary to understand the file. The normative section defines which markers and tags
are required, excluded, or allowed. For each tag that is required or allowed, the value, set of values, and/or range of
values is specified for each parameter. This section can also specify a file structure.
When a profile registrant contacts the PTSMCR Authority, they will be required to complete two sets of tables. The first
set (three tables) describe which JPEG markers and SPIFF tags are required, allowed, or excluded in the profile. An
example of the use of these tables is given in B.1. The second set of tables consist of the marker and tag tables from
CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3.
The submission must also include an informative section that describes why this profile is important, what it is used for,
and how to optimally use it. This may include special processing used by the applications of the profile that is not
described in the JPEG standard. Pre- and post-processing of the compressed image that improves quality is an example
of informative information. The informative section could also suggest file format, a particular parameterization, pre and
post-processing, etc. Note that a new informative section can be registered to an existing profile.
An example of a JPEG profile is supplied in Annex B. This profile is included for informative purposes and illustrates
the level of detail that may be contained in a profile.
4.1.4 Normative section
The normative section of a profile consists of two parts: marker and tag usage, and parameter specification. Additionally
a file structure specification may be included.
4.1.4.1 Marker and tag usage
Tables A.1 to A.3 provide a format for registrants to specify marker and tag usage. Each marker and tag is listed. The
registrant indicates whether a marker or tag is "required" (req.), "capable" (cap.), or "excluded" (exc.) A marker or tag
that is "required" must be used with the proper parameterization in the file. A marker or tag that is "capable" may or may
not be used in the file and a profile compliant application must be able to decode a stream with this marker or tag. If it is
used it must have the proper parameterization. A marker or tag that is "excluded" shall not be used in the file.
4.1.4.2 Parameterization
Each marker that is "required" or "capable" in a profile must be parameterized according to its table as described in
CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. These tables allow the registrant to
specify a single value, a set of values, a range of values, or sets of ranges of values allowed for each parameter. These
values could be the full range allowed by the standard.
4.1.4.3 File structure
A description of file structure (i.e. placement of APPn markers and RSTn markers within the encoded file) should be
complete with all variants described. The file structure descriptions of SPIFF in ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3
provide a good example.
4 ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E)
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
4.2 SPIFF tags (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.2)
New SPIFF tags shall be defined and registered for any purpose as long as they conform to the directory syntax
of SPIFF. Note that these tags can only be used in a SPIFF directory. Such a tag would allow the addition of metadata or
image information to the file format. The ETAG value X’00E00000’ is reserved for unregistered tag usage. This value
shall be used provisionally while an applicant awaits assignment of a permanent ETAG from the PTSMCR Authority.
4.2.1 Purpose of a SPIFF tag
In order to make SPIFF as flexible as possible, a provision has been made to allow specific applications to add
information to a SPIFF conformant file that could not be described using the tag values defined in the ITU-T Rec. T.84 |
ISO/IEC 10918-3. It should be noted, however, that such use is application specific and other applications may not
recognize these entries. Unrecognized application specific tags should be ignored. However, many implementations can
take advantage of registered tags.
4.2.2 Criteria
A proposed new SPIFF tag must meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It must not duplicate the function of another existing tag.
• Correct submission – The syntactically correct submission along with all appropriate explanations of
purpose must be submitted.
• Utility – The SPIFF tag should demonstrate utility to the user.
Given these criteria are met, the tag will be accepted.
4.2.3 Contents of the submission
The submission must include a normative section that conforms to the syntax of ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3,
F.2.2. It must include a description of the parameters and the sizes of the parameters. The PTSMCR Authority assigns
the ETAG parameter.
The submission must include an informative section that describes the reason for this tag. It should also explain and
demonstrate proper usage of the tag.
4.3 SPIFF colour space (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1.1)
A number of colour spaces are defined in the SPIFF file header. As this list does not contain all possible colour spaces,
there is a facility for registering new ones. This Specification allows a broad interpretation of the term "colour space."
For example, it could include multi-band description, or it could simply describe the character of the bands. A colour
space number of 254 (X'FE') is reserved for use in unregistered colour spaces. This value may be used provisionally
while an applicant awaits assignment of a permanent colour space number from the PTSMCR Authority. The colour
space number 255 (X'FF') is reserved for future use and shall indicate that the colour space number follows in a special
tag.
4.3.1 Purpose of a SPIFF colour space
In order to make the colour space conversion as flexible as possible, a provision has been made that allows specific
applications to add information to a SPIFF colour space conversion that could not be described using the tag values
defined in the ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3. It should be noted, however, that such use is application specific and
other applications may not recognize these colour spaces. Unrecognized application specific colour spaces should be
ignored.
NOTE – This is a parameter in a SPIFF header.
4.3.2 Criteria
A proposed new SPIFF colour space must meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It must not duplicate a colour space already defined.
• Correct submission – The syntactically and technically correct submission along with all appropriate
explanations of purpose must be submitted.
• Utility – The SPIFF colour space should demonstrate utility to the user.
Given these criteria are met, the SPIFF colour space will be accepted.
ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E) 5
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
4.3.3 Contents of the submission
The submission should include a normative section or reference, if possible, that defines a colour space or defines an
exact relation to another colour space.
The submission must also include an informative section that describes the reason for this colour space. It should also
explain and demonstrate proper usage of this colour space.
Note that although the term colour space is used throughout, this identification number can designate any
multi-component decorrelation or pre-processing. It could also indicate band types, such as indexed colour.
4.4 APPn marker (see CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1, B.2.4.6)
This Specification allows for the unique registration and promulgation of the APPn markers as defined in CCITT
Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1. These markers were originally "reserved for application use." Since these segments could
be defined differently in different applications, the previous standard recommended (but did not require) that these
markers be removed for interchange. This Recommendation | International Standard offers the user a method of
registering an APPn marker so that it can be understood by another application.
4.4.1 Purpose of an APPn marker
In order to make the JPEG file format as flexible as possible, a provision has been made that allows specific applications
to add information to an application marker. It should be noted, however, that such use is application specific and other
applications may not recognize these entries. Unrecognized application specific tags should be ignored. However, many
implementations can take advantage of registered markers.
APPn markers can be used to signal anything that the registrant desires. However, understanding the marker should not
be fundamental to decoding the image. This allows enhanced or expanded capabilities to be implemented without
rendering useless a JPEG implementation that already conforms to the standard. More precisely, the use of an APPn
marker shall not prevent the expansion of the coded image when the marker is not recognized by a given
implementation. The utility of the resulting image, however, may be limited by failure to recognize an APPn marker.
4.4.2 Criteria
A proposed new APPn marker must meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It must not duplicate the null terminate identification string of another APPn marker (with the
same n value).
• Correct submission – The syntactically and technically correct submission along with all appropriate
explanations of purpose must be submitted.
• Utility – The APPn marker should demonstrate utility to the user.
Given these criteria are met, the APPn marker will be accepted.
4.4.3 Contents of the submission
The submission must include a normative section that specifies the value of n and a unique null terminated string for
identification. Figure 4-1 shows the syntax of the marker. Also, the character and syntax of the information, if any, after
the identification string must be specified.
The submission must also include an informative section that describes the reason for this tag. It should also explain and
demonstrate proper usage of the tag. APPn markers can be used for anything. (Note that the APP marker is specific to
SPIFF and will not be assigned to another tag).
6 ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E)
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
APP Length ID String 0x00 Data
n
Figure 4-1 – Syntax of the APPn markers
4.5 SPIFF compression type (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.1)
A number of compression spaces are defined in the SPIFF file header. As this list does not contain all possible
compression types, there is a facility for registering new ones. A compression type number of 254 (X’FE’) is reserved for
provisional use with compression technologies undergoing the registration process. This value may be used until
assignment of a permanent compression type number from the PTSMCR Authority. The compression type number 255
(X’FF’) is reserved for future use and shall indicate that the compression type number follows in a special tag.
4.5.1 Purpose of SPIFF compression type registration
This mechanism does not allow the registration of application specific compression technologies. Its purpose is to allow
the addition of other standardized compression technologies to the SPIFF format. Of all PTSMCR types, the addition of
new compression types will be the most strictly controlled. Applicants may suggest standardized technologies that they
wish to be included in the SPIFF format.
NOTE – The compression type is a parameter in the SPIFF header.
4.5.2 Criteria
A proposed new SPIFF compression type must meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It must not duplicate a compression type already defined.
• Correct submission – The syntactically and technically correct submission along with all appropriate
explanations of purpose must be submitted. The proposed compression technology must be a standardized
algorithm.
• Utility – The SPIFF compression type should demonstrate utility to the user.
Given these criteria are met, the SPIFF compression type will be considered.
4.5.3 Contents of the submission
The submission should include a normative section with a reference to the standards document describing the
compression algorithm.
The submission must also include an informative section that describes the reason for inclusion of this compression type.
It should also explain and demonstrate proper usage of this compression type within the SPIFF format.
4.6 Registration Authority (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3, F.2.3.2.13)
The image registration authority is defined in ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3 and referred to as REGAUT. It is in
charge of delivering unique identifiers to be inserted inside image files for legal protection of content. Image registration
authorities provide a means by which producers of digital imagery may register and uniquely identify their imagery. For
this purpose, it delivers an image "License Plate" (LP) to each accepted request for an image ID. The License Plate is
structured as shown in Figure 4-2. As stated in the Scope (clause 1) of this Recommendation | International Standard,
due to the fact that a very large number of registration applications are foreseen, the PTSMCR Authority will delegate
the task of certifying such REGAUTs to the National Bodies. A REGAUT is defined by two bytes representing the
number, from 1 to 65K, of the registered REGAUT in the National Body registers. The registration authority is therefore
fully defined by association of the Country code (REGCON as per ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3) with the
REGAUT number and appears in full inside the contact information tag (see ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3,
Table F.17).
ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E) 7
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
COPY RID REGCON REGAUT REGID
Figure 4-2 – License Plate concept
4.6.1 Purpose of Image Registration Authority (REGAUT) IDs
Institutions wishing to serve as image registration authorities must be empowered to do so by the PTSMCR Authority.
This mechanism allows the National Body, on behalf of the PTSMCR Authority, to deliver a certificate of validity to the
registrant upon receipt of the input form duly completed and checked. The information contained in the input form is
then disseminated to users. Multiple REGAUT allocations are possible inside a given country, provided that the
registrants fulfil the exploitation conditions. A collective right society, an image agency, a public or private institution
may apply for qualification as a REGAUT.
4.6.2 Criteria
A proposed new REGAUT ID must meet the following criteria:
• Unique – It must not duplicate a REGAUT ID already assigned.
• Correct submission – The syntactically and technically correct submission along with all appropriate
explanations of purpose must be submitted.
• Suitability – The proposed image registration authority must be a well-known institution recognized as a
professional in the digital imagery domain. Furthermore, this institution must be willing to fulfil its
obligation as a registration authority.
Given these criteria are met, the REGAUT ID will be considered.
4.6.3 Contents of the submission
The registration Authority called REGAUT in the JPEG-3 standard is in charge of delivering the license plates to
identify the applicable multimedia objects, in this case, still pictures. Figure 4-2 shows the content of a license plate. The
license plate uniquely identifies an image and indicates whether the image owner has retained copyright protection
(see F.2.3.2.11 and F.2.3.2.13 in ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3). The National Body of the country where the
REGAUT is to be established has responsibility for approving the request of an institution or organization to become a
REGAUT. In applying for approval to become a REGAUT, the registrant will be required to complete a request form,
containing information such as:
• identification and contact information for the registrant;
• object of the registration and foreseen flow;
• operational information;
• security and legal information;
• means of communication and coordination;
• means of financial support for the operation.
When the appropriate National Body accepts the request, a probationary authorization is given to start operation of the
REGAUT. During this probationary period, the REGAUT will be required to provide the appropriate National Body
with registered images, based on non-disclosure agreements as deemed necessary. The National Body will determine
compliance of the registered images to the standard. Following the successful demonstration of compliance, the
probationary number is updated to a definitive, final number and the actual REGAUTs operations may begin. The
registration numbers will be clearly differentiated when applied to probationary REGAUTs and final REGAUTs.
Once approved and operational, the REGAUT shall create a number of registers for private and/or public use, and will
be required to provide information regarding the items in the register. The REGAUT, at a minimum shall provide:
• registration process description (maybe some particular conditions);
• registration content in terms of quantity and numbering;
• on-going test period news and recommendations to users;
8 ITU-T Rec. T.86 (1998 E)
ISO/IEC 10918-4 : 1999 (E)
• final acceptance date as previewed;
• listing of Registrants;
• access to IPR tags for the registered images.
NOTE – REGAUT IDs are made public by the relevant National Body or by ISO. Each registrant should be able to access his
own registration status and review his registered images. To reduce the size of the registered files and the risk of getting it
disclosed, a typical registration process only registers vignettes, which are small representations of the original images, carrying
all the tags for IPR protection and a native sample taken into the original file for authentication purposes.
5 Submission, review, and appeal process
This clause provides requirements for the submission and approval of new or updated profiles, tags, colour spaces,
markers and compression types as defined previously. Additionally, this clause recommends ways for the establishment
of a new REGAUT (Registration Authority) whose purpose will be to register images.
All the registration processes have a common set of requirements for the submitter as well as requirements and processes
based on the category of submission (PTSMCR) and are described in detail below.
5.1 Submission process
The registration submission process conforms to the specifications described in clause 4 and is graphically shown in
Figure 5-1, which shows the process flow for submission of a new item to the relevant PTSMCR Authority. This process
flow is focused on access based on an Internet based submission and approval system, but could be applied to other
(non-electronic) processes as provided for by the Authority.
The registrant (individual or institution) shall submit a request for registration of a new item to the PTSMCR Authority,
possibly via Internet access, for example. The first operation is the identification of the registrant, which takes the steps
shown on the block diagram: either the registrant is unknown to the PTSMCR Authority, or previously registered an
item and is listed in the PTSMCR Authority registers. If it is the first time the registrant provided a submission to the
Authority, they must complete a general identification form.
In order to provide some level of security to the registration process, a password is set by the registrant and must be used
every time the registrant contacts the PTSMCR Authority for an active operation (this exclude consultation of the
contents for example). Only the registrant will be allowed modification of the password and all the registered
information regarding his personal identification (name, company, etc.). The registrant may also request, under certain
conditions to be defined by the Authority and registration submission form, that the input information remains
undisclosed.
5.2 Review process
Following validation of the individual’s right to access the Authority’s Registration System, the actual registration of the
desired item begins. This is done according to the conformity of the submission to the specific contents. The PTSMCR
Authority verifies (manually or automatically) the conformity of the request to the specifications, and notifies the
registrant of a positive or negative response to the registration request. The Authority must respond within one month to
the registrant’s request. If no response is received within one month, the probationary period shall begin.
The response of the PTSMCR Authority shall be positive if the item has not been registered (i.e. is new and unique), and
if the contents of the su
...
The article is about ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999, a standard that allows for the registration of various elements related to JPEG and SPIFF image compression. These elements include profiles, tags, color spaces, markers, compression types, and image registration authorities. The standard sets out guidelines for how these items should be registered. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29 is responsible for delegating the role of collecting, studying, approving, registering, and disseminating information related to customizing the JPEG standard. The article also provides a table summarizing the main issues regarding the registration of these elements.
記事のタイトル: ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 - 情報技術-連続トーン静止画像のデジタル圧縮と符号化：JPEGプロファイル、SPIFFプロファイル、SPIFFタグ、SPIFFカラースペース、APPnマーカ、SPIFF圧縮タイプおよび登録機関（REGAUT）の登録 記事内容: この推奨事項 | 国際規格は、CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1およびITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3で定義されたJPEGとSPIFFプロファイル、SPIFFタグ、SPIFFカラースペース、アプリケーション固有のマーカ、SPIFF圧縮タイプおよび画像登録機関の一意の登録を提供します。それ以外の場合、プロファイル（P）、タグ（T）、カラースペース（S）、マーカ（M）、圧縮タイプ（C）および画像登録機関（R）はPTSMCRアイテムとして参照されます。 ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29は、JPEG標準のカスタマイズに関連情報を収集し、検討し、承認し、登録し、配布する役割を指定した機関に委任します。以下のテーブルは、PTSMCRアイテムの登録に関する主要な問題の概要を示しています。
제목: ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999 - 정보 기술 - 연속 화질 정지 이미지의 디지털 압축 및 인코딩: JPEG 프로파일, SPIFF 프로파일, SPIFF 태그, SPIFF 색 공간, APPn 마커, SPIFF 압축 유형 및 등록 기관 (REGAUT) 등의 등록 내용: 이 권장사항 및 국제 표준은 JPEG와 SPIFF 프로파일, SPIFF 태그, SPIFF 색 공간, 응용 프로그램 특정 마커, SPIFF 압축 유형 및 이미지 등록 기관을 CCITT Rec. T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 및 ITU-T Rec. T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3에서 정의된대로 고유하게 등록할 수 있도록 해줍니다. 그 외의 경우, 프로파일(P), 태그(T), 색 공간(S), 마커(M), 압축 유형(C) 및 이미지 등록 기관(R)은 PTSMCR 항목으로 언급될 것입니다. ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 29는 JPEG 표준의 맞춤화를 위해 관련 정보를 수집, 검토, 승인, 등록 및 보급할 수 있는 지정된 기관에 역할을 위임합니다. 다음 표는 PTSMCR 항목 등록에 관한 주요 문제에 대한 개요를 제공합니다.
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