ISO/IEC 23200-1:2021

Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management - Part 1: Interference rejection performance test method between a tag as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a heterogeneous wireless system

This document defines a test method to evaluate the interference rejection performance of tags covered by ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a heterogeneous wireless system using different access technologies, e.g. radio frequency identification and cell phone network. It specifies the general requirements and test requirements. The test method in this document makes it possible to compare the relative interference rejection performance among tags under a single wireless interference environment. In addition, this document can be used in a benchmarking test according to requirements in a given application or service.

Titre manque — Partie 1: Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jun-2021
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 07-Jun-2021
• Due Date: 06-Apr-2022
• Completion Date: 07-Jun-2021

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 3834-6:2024 - Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 6: Guidelines on implementing the ISO 3834 series
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview

ISO/IEC 23200-1:2021 specifies a laboratory test method to evaluate interference rejection performance between UHF RFID tags (as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-63) and heterogeneous wireless systems (e.g., LoRaWAN, NB‑IoT, WiFi‑HaLow, cellular). The standard defines general requirements, environmental conditions, test set-ups and reporting conventions so stakeholders can compare relative tag performance in a single interference environment or run benchmarking tests for specific applications.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope: Measures how other wireless access technologies affect tag receive sensitivity and overall operation in shared frequency bands.
• Test environment: Controlled air environment at 23 °C ± 3 °C and 40–60% relative humidity; known RF environment recommended (anechoic chamber for propagative tags).
• Test configurations: Supports both bistatic and monostatic interrogator set-ups using test equipment (TE) such as an interrogator emulator compliant with ISO/IEC 18000‑63.
• Far‑field placement: Device under test (DUT) must be in the far field; the standard uses the far‑field distance formula (D = 2L²/λ) and recommends D ≈ 50 cm as a practical minimum in some set-ups.
• Antenna and polarization: Linear (vertical/horizontal) or circular polarization permitted; sufficient isolation required between interrogator transmit/receive ports or via circulator/directional coupler.
• Pre‑conditioning and tolerances: Interrogators should be conditioned for 24 h before testing; default tolerance on equipment and procedure values is ±5%.
• Reporting and uncertainty: Test reports must state total measurement uncertainty and identify DUTs; optional statistical summaries (min, max, mean, standard deviation) are supported.
• Test variations: Procedures cover tag sensitivity under non‑interference and interference environments and allow for different communication parameters (forward/return link).

Applications and users

ISO/IEC 23200-1:2021 is practical for:

• RFID tag manufacturers validating interference robustness
• Compliance and test laboratories performing standardized measurements and benchmarking
• System integrators and solution providers assessing deployments where LPWAN, cellular and RFID coexist
• Network operators and regulators evaluating coexistence and interference mitigation strategies

Use cases include retail inventory, logistics, asset tracking and IoT deployments where UHF RFID must operate reliably alongside LoRaWAN, NB‑IoT, LTE‑M and other wireless systems.

Related standards

• ISO/IEC 18000‑63 (UHF RFID air interface) - tags under test
• ISO/IEC 18046‑3:2012 - related interference tests between homogeneous RFID systems
• ISO/IEC 19762 - harmonized vocabulary referenced for terms

Keywords: ISO/IEC 23200-1:2021, RFID interference test, UHF RFID, interference rejection, ISO/IEC 18000‑63, LoRaWAN, LPWAN, test method, benchmarking.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23200-1
First edition
2021-06
Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 1:
Interference rejection performance
test method between a tag as
defined in ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a
heterogeneous wireless system
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2021
© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Conditions applicable to the test methods . 2
5.1 Test environment . 2
5.2 Radio frequency (FR) environment . 2
5.3 Pre-conditioning . 2
5.4 Default tolerance . 2
5.5 Total measurement uncertainty . 3
5.6 Test result reporting . 3
5.7 Test mounting material . 3
5.8 Test communication parameters . 3
6 Test set-up . 3
6.1 DUT placement . 3
6.2 Test setup for tag’s R sensitivity power measurement under non-interference
X
environment . 3
6.2.1 Test apparatus and test circuits . 3
6.2.2 Setup of the devices . 4
6.2.3 Antenna polarization and requirements . 4
6.3 Test setup for tag’s R sensitivity power measurement under interference environment . 5
X
6.3.1 Sub-1GHz wireless communications technologies . 5
6.3.2 Setup of the devices . 5
6.3.3 Antenna polarization and requirements . 6
7 Test procedure . 7
7.1 General description . 7
7.2 Tag’s R sensitivity power measurement under non-interference environment . 7
X
7.2.1 Purpose . 7
7.2.2 Test procedure . 7
7.3 Tag’s R sensitivity power measurement under interference environment . 8
X
7.3.1 Purpose . 8
7.3.2 Test procedure . 8
7.4 Test report . 9
Bibliography .13
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives) or www .iec .ch/ members
_experts/ refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html. In the IEC, see www .iec .ch/ understanding -standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 23200 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html and www .iec .ch/ national
-committees.
iv © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document provides test procedures and method to evaluate the impact on tag as defined in
ISO/IEC 18000-63 of interference generated by other wireless systems. The interference rejection test
method of this document is different to ISO/IEC 18046-3:2012, 8.8. This document covers interference
effect between the tags and heterogeneous wireless system, while ISO/IEC 18046-3 covers interference
effect between tags and homogeneous wireless systems.
Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless technology that connects
billions of everyday items to the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling consumers and businesses to identify,
locate, authenticate, and engage each item. IoT applications require a data connection between the
physical and digital world, and UHF RFID is the ideal technology to bridge these realms with the ability
to bring low cost, unique identification to everyday items. Low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN)
operate at long read ranges of 2 km to 3 km. While LoRaWan devices have a very slow data-transfer
rate, they are useful for transmitting sensor data. For example, LoRaWAN, WiFi-Halow (802.11ah),
Sigfox, NB-IoT, WB-IoT, and LTE-M are representative technologies.
The frequencies used by LoRaWAN systems differ by region and country, as do the frequency bands
designated for UHF RFID systems. In particular, LoRaWAN and RFID systems use different power levels
and heterogeneous protocols in shared frequency bands. They are susceptible to interference generated
by other wireless systems. This harsh signal propagation environment combined with interference
from coexisting wireless technologies can lead to a degradation of the performance or even application
failures. To evaluate possible interference on UHF RFID systems, industrial stakeholders make a
constructive discussion on how to overcome interference problems.
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23200-1:2021(E)
Information technology — Radio frequency identification
for item management —
Part 1:
Interference rejection performance test method between
a tag as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a heterogeneous
wireless system
1 Scope
This document defines a test method to evaluate the interference rejection performance of tags covered
by ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a heterogeneous wireless system using different access technologies, e.g.
radio frequency identification and cell phone network.
It specifies the general requirements and test requirements.
The test method in this document makes it possible to compare the relative interference rejection
performance among tags under a single wireless interference environment. In addition, this document
can be used in a benchmarking test according to requirements in a given application or service.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions provided in ISO/IEC 19762 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
ANT T interrogator antenna in the bistatic test set-up
TX X
ANT R interrogator antenna in the bistatic test set-up
RX X
ANT interrogator antenna in the monostatic test set-up
TRX
ANT antenna connected to the radio frequency interference source
INT
CW continuous wave
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved 1

D distance between the tag and the antenna connected to the RF interference source
Interference
D distance between the tag and the interrogator antenna
Interrogator
DUT device under test
G antenna gain
dBi
GFSK Gaussian frequency shift keying
LHCP left hand circular polarization
OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
P minimum power required to activate a UHF RFID tag. P is the power at the position
min min
of a tag
P P under a single wireless interference environment
min_under_int min
PF interference rejection performance between a UHF RFID tag and other wireless systems
iRej
QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
RHCP right hand circular polarization
R receiver
X
SG signal generator
TE test equipment (RFID interrogator emulator)
T transmitter
X
5 Conditions applicable to the test methods
5.1 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in an air environment with a temperature of
23 °C ± 3 °C (73 °F ± 5 °F) and relative humidity within the range of 40 % to 60 %.
5.2 Radio frequency (FR) environment
The tests shall be performed in a known RF environment.
For measurements of propagative tags (ISO/IEC 18000-63), an anechoic chamber is the recommended
test environment.
5.3 Pre-conditioning
Where pre-conditioning is required by the test method, the identification interrogators to be tested
shall be conditioned to the test environment for a period of 24 h before testing.
5.4 Default tolerance
Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of ±5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given
to specify the characteristics of the test equipment (e.g. linear dimensions) and the test method
procedures (e.g. test equipment adjustments).
2 © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

5.5 Total measurement uncertainty
The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated
in the test report.
NOTE Basic information is given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.
5.6 Test result reporting
Each test result shall be reported with the DUTs tested. Optionally, for statistical evaluation, minimum
value, maximum value, mean value and standard deviation may be reported as well.
5.7 Test mounting material
For the tags, the tests may be performed with or without applying a mounting material. When the
mounting material is defined by the tag manufacturer, the tests shall be performed with the specified
mounting material in free air.
If the indicative dielectric parameter or other critical parameters of the material are known, they shall
be mentioned in the test report.
5.8 Test communication parameters
All of the tests may be performed for various communication parameters (forward and return link).
The test conditions shall be recorded in the test report.
6 Test set-up
6.1 DUT placement
The DUT shall be placed in the far field according to Figure 1 or Figure 2. The distance, D, shall be as in
Formula (1):
2L
D= (1)
λ
where
λ is the wavelength at the centre frequency of the interrogato
...