ISO/TR 14799-2:2023

Comparison of worldwide escalator and moving walk safety standards - Part 2: Abbreviated comparison and comments

This document consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the following worldwide safety standards (excluding local deviations): a) Europe (CEN) – EN 115‑1:2017, Safety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Construction and installation; b) North America - ASME A17.1/CSA B44:2016, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators; c) Japan – Safety requirements mainly comprised of Building Standard Law Enforcement Order (BSLJ-EO), Notifications of Ministry of Construction (MOC-N), and Japan Elevator Association Standard (JEAS).

Comparaison des normes mondiales de sécurité des escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants — Partie 2: Comparaison abrégée et commentaires

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-May-2023
• ICS: 91.140.90 - Lifts. Escalators
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 178 - Lifts, escalators and moving walks
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 178/WG 5 - Escalators and moving walks
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 10-May-2023
• Completion Date: 10-May-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO/TR 14799-2:2015 - Comparison of worldwide escalator and moving walk safety standards - Part 2: Abbreviated comparison and comments
• Effective Date: 09-May-2020

Overview

ISO/TR 14799-2:2023 is a technical report that provides an abbreviated comparison and expert comments on worldwide safety standards for escalators and moving walks. Published as the third edition (May 2023) by ISO/TC 178, it compares selected topics from the leading regional documents: EN 115‑1:2017 (Europe), ASME A17.1/CSA B44:2016 (North America), and the principal Japanese codes (BSLJ-EO, MOC‑N, JEAS). The report is intended to help standards writers and users understand differences, commonalities and the technical rationale behind key safety requirements - it is not a replacement for the underlying standards.

Key Topics

ISO/TR 14799-2:2023 focuses on abbreviated topic-by-topic comparisons and includes comments on:

• Terminology and definitions - harmonizing terms used differently across EN 115‑1, A17.1/B44 and Japanese codes (e.g., balustrade, skirting, moving walk terminology).
• Design and construction elements - construction and installation safety principles referenced to EN 115‑1.
• Operational parameters - rated speed, rated load and structural/supporting load considerations.
• Mechanical safety items - brake loads, auxiliary brakes, safety factors, multiplex chains.
• Guarding and panels - balustrade panelling, deck boards, comb plates and skirt-guard provisions.
• Inspection, maintenance and detection - overview of comparable detection events and inspection cover/plate requirements.
• Standards structure & technical basis - historical origins, rationale and how each code functions (mandatory vs. voluntary, performance vs. design orientation). Notes: due to copyright limits, A17.1‑2016/CSA B44‑16 text is referenced by clause numbers rather than reproduced.

Applications

ISO/TR 14799-2 is practical for:

• Standards developers and committees seeking background and consensus points when drafting or revising national codes.
• Regulators and authorities having jurisdiction who need to understand alignment and differences between regional codes.
• Manufacturers, designers and safety engineers comparing compliance routes for international projects.
• Facility owners, inspectors and maintenance teams using the report as a roadmap to interpret which requirements overlap or diverge across jurisdictions.

Practical uses include harmonizing procurement specifications, cross-border compliance assessments, risk analyses, and informing training or inspection protocols.

Related Standards

• EN 115‑1:2017 - Safety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Construction and installation (lead reference in this report)
• ASME A17.1/CSA B44:2016 - Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators (North America)
• Japanese codes - BSLJ-EO, MOC‑N, JEAS
• ISO/TR 14799 series (other parts) and ISO/TC 178 publications

Keywords: ISO/TR 14799-2, escalator safety standards, moving walk safety, EN 115-1, ASME A17.1, CSA B44, Japanese elevator codes, standards comparison, escalator safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 14799-2
Third edition
2023-05
Comparison of worldwide escalator
and moving walk safety standards —
Part 2:
Abbreviated comparison and
comments
Comparaison des normes mondiales de sécurité des escaliers
mécaniques et trottoirs roulants —
Partie 2: Comparaison abrégée et commentaires
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms and list of terms used in the codes . 1
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 1
4.2 List of terms used in the codes . 2
5 Basis for escalator and moving walk safety standards . 3
5.1 Historical origin and development of standards . 3
5.1.1 European Standard EN 115-1 . 3
5.1.2 North American Standard A17.1/B44 . 4
5.1.3 Japanese codes . . 4
5.2 General — Technical basis and structure of standards . 5
5.3 Abbreviated comparison and comments . 5
6 Overview of comparable events of detection . 132
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/TR 14799-2:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the content is updated according to the latest revision of EN 115-1:2017 and A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16
and Japan Codes 2016;
— the comments are updated;
— a new Clause 4 is introduced to provide an overview of comparable events of detection;
— A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 content is not included due to copyright issues.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14799 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document is intended to aid standards writers in developing their safety requirements and to help
standards users understand the basis for the requirements as they are applied throughout the world.
This document is not intended to replace existing safety standards which can have been updated.
Conclusions are arrived at in some cases, but only where is unanimity amongst the various experts. In
other cases, the reasons for the divergent views are expressed.
This document is to be read in conjunction with the various safety standards. Unless approved by
the relevant standard writing organizations, the information contained in this document does not
necessarily represent the opinions of these standards writing organizations.
This document was done with EN 115-1:2017 as a reference document shown as the only one in its
normal sequence. All other codes are not in their normal sequence and logical order. They are structured
differently to EN 115-1:2017. The result incorrectly leaves the impression of incompleteness of these
standards. These standards in their original structure inclusive of their references to other standards
and requirements are however complete.
This comparison no longer includes the Australian, Korean, and Russian safety codes as there are
intentions on national level to bring theses codes in line with one of the remaining three codes.
Due to copyright issues, A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 (North America) detailed text comparison is not
covered in this document.
Due to copyright restrictions, in this document there is no code text of ASME A17.1/B44:2016 available,
only references to relevant sections and clause numbers are made. The leading standard for the
comparison is EN 115-1:2017. The numbering sequence of the first column follows the EN 115-1:2017
structure.
In addition to the compared standards and other regulations, escalators and moving walks can be
required to conform to the requirements of other standards, as appropriate.
v
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14799-2:2023(E)
Comparison of worldwide escalator and moving walk
safety standards —
Part 2:
Abbreviated comparison and comments
1 Scope
This document consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the
following worldwide safety standards (excluding local deviations):
a) Europe (CEN) – EN 115-1:2017, Safety of escalators and moving walks — Part 1: Construction and
installation;
b) North America - ASME A17.1/CSA B44: 2016, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators;
c) Japan – Safety requirements mainly comprised of Building Standard Law Enforcement Order (BSLJ-
EO), Notifications of Ministry of Construction (MOC-N), and Japan Elevator Association Standard
(JEAS).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Abbreviated terms and list of terms used in the codes
4.1 Abbreviated terms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BSLJ The Building Standard Law of Japan
BSLJ-EO The Building Standard Law Enforcement Order (Japan)
CEN/CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalization (European Committee for Standardization)
CIRA Commission Internationale pour la Réglementation des Ascenseurs et Monte-charge
CSA Canadian Standards Association
EN European Norm (standard)
EUIL-MO Electrical Utilities Industry Law - Ministerial Ordinance of technical standards for
electrical equipment
EXP Explanation/Interpretation of BSLJ-EO, MOC-N (Japan)
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO International Standardization Organization
JEAC Japan Electrical Association Code
JEAS Japan Elevator Association Standard
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
MOC-N Notifications of the Ministry of Construction (Japan)
MLIT-N Notifications of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Japan)
NEC National Electrical Code (USA)
NFPA National Fire Protection Association (USA)
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)
4.2 List of terms used in the codes
Table 1 shows those terms which are used differently for the same item in the standards dealt with.
Definitions in the Japanese standard are based on unofficial translation, whereas the terms in European
and American codes are official language.
The items in parenthesis reference the clauses where the terms are used in the various standards.
Table 1 — Differences in terminology (list of terms used in the codes)
A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16
EN 115–1:2017 Japanese codes
(North America)
Auxiliary brake (5.4.2.2)
Balustrade decking (3.1.3, 5.5.2.2) (6.1.6.3.1, 6.2.3.3.7, 6.2.6.3.1) Deck board
Balustrade exterior panelling (mod) Exterior panel
Balustrade interior panelling (mod) (6.1.3.3.1, 6.2.3.3.4) Interior panel
Brake load (3.1.4) (6.1.3.9.3, 6.2.3.10.3, 6.2.5.3.1,
6.2.5.3.2)
Criss-cross (A.2.3, A.2.4) 6.1.3.3.13 Criss-cross
Safety factor (5.4.1.3.2, 5.4.3.2) (3.6.1, 3.6.4) Safety factor
Height above the steps (A.2.1) (8.10.4.1.1) Height above the steps
Inclination (3.1.1) (6.2.3.1, 6.2.3.7, 6.2.3.9.1)
Inspection cover and floor plate (6.2.7.3.3)
(5.2.4)
Lower inner decking (5.5.2.6) (6.1.3.3.4)
Multiplex chain (5.4.1.3.1, 5.4.2.2.1)
Not easy to ignite (0.5.1) (6.1.2.1, 6.2.2.1)
a
Definitions vary from code to code (see Annexes); terms in European, American, and Japanese code are official terms.
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16
EN 115–1:2017 Japanese codes
(North America)
Moving walk Moving (side) walk
a a
Rated load (6.2.3.10) Rated load
a a
Rated speed (3.6) (6.1.4, 6.2.4) Rated speed
Skirting (3.1.23, 5.5.3) (6.1.3.3.6, 6.2.3.3.6) Skirt guard (panel)
Structural load (6.1.3.9.1, 6.2.3.10.1)
Supporting structure (5.2) (6.1.2, 6.1.3.7, 6.1.3.10.1, 6.2.3.11.1, Truss
6.2.7.1.2)
Supporting structure (of the combs) (6.1.6.3.13, 6.2.6.3.11, 6.2.8.3), Comb plate
(8.3.2.4, 8.3.2.6, 16.2.1.1.1) (6.1.7.3, 6.2.7.3)
Maximum capacity (Annex H.1)
6.1.6.3.6 Skirt guard switch [JEAS-406F
(draft), 2.1]
MOC-N (no. 1424–2000), 2(d)
Horizontal movement (5.7.2.1) (6.1.3.6.5) (Flat step)
a
Definitions vary from code to code (see Annexes); terms in European, American, and Japanese code are official terms.
5 Basis for escalator and moving walk safety standards
5.1 Historical origin and development of standards
5.1.1 European Standard EN 115-1
5.1.1.1 Rationale for EN 115-1
The ever-increasing number of escalators put in operation in Europe after the second world war
required the drawing-up of guidelines for models and safety for escalators, especially as not all
European countries had their own standard or national regulation for escalators.
Therefore, specialists/experts from the European countries joined together and developed the
first draft of EN 115, which was accepted by CEN on 3rd January 1995 which has been continuously
developed since then. The last complete revised document was published in 2017
According to the Internal Regulations of CEN/ CENELEC, the CEN members are bound to give this
EN 115-1 the status of a National Standard without any national deviations.
The following countries are CEN Members:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
5.1.1.2 What is the code (law, standard, requirement)?
The purpose of EN 115 is to define minimum safety requirements in order to reduce the possibility of
accidents on escalators and moving walks.
The harmonized standard is essentially a method of demonstrating compliance with the essential
safety requirements of the machinery directive which is embodied in the laws of each country member
of CEN/CENELEC and therefore, demonstrates compliance with the laws of the member states.
5.1.1.3 Is EN 115-1 a compulsory standard?
Some exceptions are possible (such as section 1).
5.1.1.4 Is EN 115-1 a technical description, a requirement, or a recommendation?
Conformity with EN 115-1 is one way to satisfy the requirements of the European Machinery Directive.
5.1.1.5 Is EN 115-1 a performance or a design standard?
EN 115-1 has to be considered as a minimum requirement for safe operation of escalators and moving
walks.
5.1.2 North American Standard A17.1/B44
5.1.2.1 Rationale for A17.1/B44
A17.1/B44 is intended to enhance public health and safety. It serves as the basis for state, municipal, and
other jurisdictional authorities in drafting regulations governing the installation, testing, inspection,
maintenance, alteration, and repair of elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, moving walks, material
lifts with automatic transfer devices, wheelchair lifts, and stairway chair lifts. It is also intended as
a standard reference of safety requirements for the guidance of architects, engineers, insurance
companies, manufacturers, and contractors, and as a standard of safety practices for owners and
managements of structures where equipment covered in the scope of the code is used.
5.1.2.2 What is the code (law, standard, requirement)?
The A17.1/B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators is a voluntary reference standard that is used
by people and organizations involved in the industry. Developed by a consensus of experts in the
industry, it is used to guide them in maintaining a high level of safety in their respective functions.
After it is developed by the ASME under the auspices and consensus procedures established by ANSI, it
becomes an American National Standard.
5.1.2.3 Is A17.1/B44 a compulsory standard?
As published, A17.1/B44 is a voluntary standard. It is used by authorities having jurisdiction as a basis
for the code they enforce and becomes law when the governing legislative body over their jurisdiction
adopts it.
5.1.2.4 Is A17.1/B44 a technical description, a requirement, or a recommendation?
A17.1/B44 presents most of its requirements as mandatory when following the standard. However,
some rules can be in the form of a permissive recommendation.
5.1.2.5 Is A17.1/B44 a performance or a design standard?
The A17.1/B44 code is developed as a performance standard under the procedures established by the
ASME and the CSA. Due to the unique nature of the industry, some rules are of a design nature, but
efforts are continually underway to replace them with performance language.
5.1.3 Japanese codes
5.1.3.1 Rationale for Japanese codes?
The Japanese codes are established to protect life, health, and property of the nation, and thereby, to
contribute to promoting public welfare.
5.1.3.2 What is the code (law, standard, requirement)?
The codes consist of four kinds of laws (BSLJ, BSLJ-EO, MOC-N, and EUIL-MO) and three kinds of
standards (JIS, JEAS, and JEAC).
5.1.3.3 Are the Japanese codes compulsory standards?
The Japanese codes are compulsory standards.
5.1.3.4 Are the Japanese codes a technical description, a requirement, or a recommendation?
The Japanese codes are technical descriptions, requirements, and recommendations.
5.1.3.5 Are the Japanese codes performance or design standards?
The Japanese codes are considered as performances and design standards.
5.2 General — Technical basis and structure of standards
Table 2 shows the abbreviated comparison and comments of worldwide escalator and moving walk
safety standards. In Table 2, all comments from the ISO/TC 178/WG 5 are shown in italics. Reference to
a table or figure refers to information from ISO/TR 14799-1 as well as to the original codes.
The following logic for the structure of comments is applied:
— Remark: to give clarification (Remark is equal to Note)
— Agreed upon: general acceptance of the consensus
— Fundamental differences: no possibility to find a consensus (e.g. caused by national building codes
and regulations)
— Worldwide acceptance: giving the values today which fulfil all three codes
5.3 Abbreviated comparison and comments
Table 2 — Abbreviated comparison and comments of worldwide escalator and moving walk
safety standards
EN 115-1:2017 A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 Japan codes 2016
(North America)
1 Scope 1.1 BSLJ-EO (Structure of escalator)
This European Standard is applicable for 1.1.1 Article 129-3
new escalators and moving walks (pallet
The provisions of this section shall
or belt type) as defined in Clause 3.
apply to Escalator however for the
This European Standard deals with all escalators of special construction
significant hazards, hazardous situations and use, Article 129–12, paragraph
and events relevant to escalators and 1 is not applied.
moving walks when they are used as
intended and under conditions of misuse
which are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer (see Clause 4).
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
EN 115-1:2017 A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 Japan codes 2016
(North America)
This European Standard is not applicable No equivalent requirements. BSLJ (Exclusion of application)
to escalators and moving walks which
Article 3
were manufactured before the date of its
publication. It is, however, recommended
BSLJ and related order etc. shall
that existing installations be adapted to
apply to the modification of exist-
this standard.
ing escalators or escalators in case
that the construction (modifi-
cation) work is started after the
enforcement of the provisions of a
regulation.
No equivalent requirements. 1.1.3 BSLJ (Exclusion of application)
1.3 Article 3
BSLJ and related order etc. shall
not apply to existing escalators or
escalators under work when the
regulation is enforced.
No equivalent requirements. 8.11.1.4 No equivalent requirements.
No equivalent requirements. 6.1.3.14 No equivalent requirements.
6.2.3.17
2. Normative references Part 9 No equivalent requirements.
The following documents, in whole or in
part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its
application. For dated references, only the
edition cited applies. For undated refer-
ences, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments)
applies
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the
terms and definitions given in EN ISO
12100:2010 and the following apply.
3.1.1 6.1.3.1 No equivalent requirements.
angle of inclination
maximum angle to the horizontal in which
the steps, the pallets or the belt move.
3.1.2 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
authorized person
suitably trained person with authoriza-
tion to access restricted areas of esca-
lators and moving walks(e.g. machinery
spaces, separate machine rooms) and to
work there for the purpose of inspection,
testing and maintenance.
Note 1 to entry:  Authorized persons
should be competent for the tasks they
have been authorized for (see also 3.1.8).
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
EN 115-1:2017 A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 Japan codes 2016
(North America)
3.1.3 6.1.3.3 No equivalent requirements.
balustrade 6.2.3.3
part of the escalator/moving walk which
ensures the user's safety by providing
stability, protecting from moving parts
and supporting the handrail.
3.1.4 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
balustrade decking
transverse member of the balustrade
which meets the handrail guidance pro-
file and which forms the top cover of the
balustrade.
3.1.5 6.1.3.9.3 No equivalent requirements.
brake load
load on the step/pallet/belt which the
brake system is designed to stop the esca-
lator/moving walk.
3.1.6 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
comb
pronged section at each landing that
meshes with the grooves.
3.1.7 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
comb plate
platform at each landing to which the
combs are attached.
3.1.8 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
competent person
a person which is in possession of the
necessary technical knowledge, skills,
qualification and experience to perform a
work or task
Note 1 to entry: National Regulation may
require certification of competence
3.1.9 1.3 BSLJ-EO (Scope of application)
escalator Article 129–3, EXP. 1. (2)
power-driven, inclined, continuous mov- The escalator means “power
ing stairway used for raising or lowering driven, continuous stairway or
persons in which the user carrying sur- walkway for the transport of pas-
face (e.g. steps) remains horizontal. sengers”.
Note 1 to entry: Escalators are machines -
even when they are out of operation - and
cannot be considered as fixed staircases.
3.1.10 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
exterior panel
part of the exterior side of the enclosure
of an escalator or moving walk.
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
EN 115-1:2017 A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 Japan codes 2016
(North America)
3.1.11 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
failsafe circuit
safety related electrical and/or electronic
system with defined failure mode behav-
iour.
3.1.12 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
handrail
power-driven moving rail for persons to
grip while using the escalator or moving
walk.
3.1.13 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
interior panel
panel located between the skirting or
lower inner decking and the handrail
guidance profile or balustrade decking.
3.1.14 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
lower inner decking
profile that connects the skirting with the
interior panel when they do not meet at a
common point.
3.1.15 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
lower outer decking
profile that connects the exterior panels
with the interior panel.
3.1.16 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
machinery
escalator or moving walk machine(s)
mechanisms and associated equipment.
3.1.17 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
machinery spaces
space(s) inside or outside of the truss
where the machinery as a whole or in
parts is placed.
3.1.18 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
maximum capacity
maximum flow of persons that can be
achieved under operational conditions.
3.1.19 1.3 BSLJ-EO (Scope of application)
moving walk Article 129–3, EXP. 1. (2)
power-driven installation for the con- Inclination of a passenger convey-
veyance of persons in which the user or: equal to or less than 15°
carrying surface remains parallel to its
Height difference between pallets:
direction of motion and is uninterrupted
equal to or less than 4 mm
(e.g. pallets, belt).
Note 1 to entry: Moving walks are
machines - even when they are out of op-
eration – and should not be used as a fixed
access.
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
EN 115-1:2017 A17.1-2016/CSA B44-16 Japan codes 2016
(North America)
3.1.20 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
Newel
End of balustrade.
3.1.21 1.3 BSLJ-EO (Structure of escalator)
nominal speed Article 129–12, EXP. 1. (5)
speed in the direction of the moving Rated speed: Speed in the up direc-
steps, pallets or the belt stated by the tion of the moving steps, pallets, or
manufacturer for which the escalator or the belt when operating the equip-
moving walk has been designed, without ment under no load condition.
load on the steps/pallets/belt at nominal
frequency and nominal voltage.
REMARK: All codes have in common, that the speed definition is one of the design parameters for the escalator/moving walk.
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES: In each code speed is named differently. EN 115-1 and JIS define the speed under no load condi-
tion where A17.1 defines speed under rated load condition.
3.1.22 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
rise
vertical distance between the upper and
lower finished floor levels.
3.1.23 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
safety circuit
part of the electric safety system consist-
ing of electrical safety devices
3.1.24 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
safety devices
part of a safety circuit consisting of safety
switches and/or failsafe circuits
3.1.25 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
safety integrity level SIL
discrete level for specifying the safety
integrity requirements of the safety func-
tions to be allocated to the E/E/PE.
Note 1 to entry: In this European Stand-
ard SIL 1 is representing the lowest level
and SIL 3 the highest, even when it does
not make use of SIL 3.
3.1.26 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
Safety related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic devices, E/E/
PE
system for control, protection or moni-
toring based on one or more electrical,
electronic or programmable electronic
devices, including all elements of the
system such as power supplies, sensors
and other input devices, data highways
and other communication paths, and
actuators and other output devices, used
in safety related applications as listed in
Table 8 and Table 9
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3.1.27 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
safety system
safety related part of the electrical con-
trol system as an arrangement of safety
circuits and monitoring devices
3.1.28 1.3 No equivalent requirements.
skirting
vertical part of the balustrade interfacing
with the steps, pallets or belt
3.1.29 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
skirt deflector
device to minimize the risk of trapping
between the step and the skirting.
3.1.30 No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
structural rated load
load which the structure is designed for
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
See Table 1
4 List of significant hazards No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
4.1 General
This clause contains all the significant
hazards, hazardous situations and events,
as far as they are dealt with in this stand-
ard, identified by risk assessment as sig-
nificant for escalators and moving walks
and which require action to eliminate or
reduce the risk. These significant hazards
are based upon EN ISO 12100:2010.
4.2 Mechanical hazards No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
Mechanical hazards on escalators and
moving walks and in their immediate
vicinity can occur because of the design of
the machine or access to it.
These include:
—  contact with moving machinery parts
(e.g. driving unit, handrail drive) normal-
ly not accessible to the public (see 5.2.1.1,
5.2.1.2, 5.2.1.3, 5.2.1.5, 5.2.1.6, 5.2.3, 5.2.4,
5.8.1, 5.8.4, 5.12.3.13, A.3.2, A.3.3);
—  crushing and shearing of fingers
between handrail and balustrade and
between balustrades (see 5.5.2.5, 5.6.2);
—  cutting hazard caused by adjacent
cover profile parts (see 5.5.2.4);
—  impact on bodies caused by collision
with building structures (wall, roof, criss-
cross arrangement), or with persons on
adjacent escalators/moving walks (see
A.2.1, A.2.2, A.2.3, A.2.4);
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—  drawing-in at handrail entry into the
balustrade (see 5.6.4.3, 5.6.5);
—  trapping between skirting and steps,
between comb and step/pallet (see 5.3.4,
5.3.5, 5.5.3, 5.5.5, 5.7.2.5, 5.7.3, Fig. G.2);
—  trapping between the floor/fixed de-
vices and the handrail (see 5.6.4.1, 5.6.4.2,
A.5);
—  trapping between step and step or
pallet and pallet (see 5.3.2).
4.3 Electric hazards No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
Electric hazardous situations can occur
due to:
—  contact of persons with live parts (see
5.8.3.3, 5.11.1.3);
—  indirect contact (see 5.11.1.4, A.6);
—  inadequate emergency stops (see
5.12.3.8);
—  wrong assembly of electric compo-
nents (see 5.11.4.4);
—  electrostatic phenomena (see
5.12.1.5);
—  external influences on electric equip-
ment (see 5.12.2.4, 5.12.2.6.1.3).
4.4 Radiation hazards No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
4.4.1 Electromagnetic radiation gener-
ated by the machine
Electromagnetic radiation can be emit-
ted by the escalator or moving walk
during normal operation (see 5.11.1.2.3,
5.12.2.4).
4.4.2 Electromagnetic radiation re-
ceived from outside
Electromagnetic radiation, like low
frequency radiation, radio frequency radi-
ation and microwaves, can be received by
the escalator or moving walk during nor-
mal operation (see 5.11.1.2.3, 5.12.2.4).
4.5 Fire hazard No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
Fire hazards can be generated by accumu-
lation of combustible material inside the
truss, by the insulation material for cables
and overloading of drives (see 5.2.1.4,
5.9).
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4.6 Hazards generated by neglecting No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
ergonomic principles in machinery
design
Hazardous situation can occur because of:
—  neglecting ergonomic dimensions for
the users (e.g. height of balustrade, width
of handrail) (see 5.5.2.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3);
—  inadequate lighting in the working
places and access to them (see 5.8.3.1,
5.8.3.2, A.3.3, A.3.4);
—  insufficient space in working places
(see 5.8.2.1, 5.8.2.2, 5.8.2.3, A.3.5, A.3.6,
A.3.7);
—  missing lifting equipment for heavy
loads (see 5.8.2.2, 5.10).
4.7 Hazard generated by failure of No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
control circuit
Hazardous situation can occur because of:
—  no stopping in case of dangerous situ-
ations (see 5.11.2, 5.12.1.2);
—  short circuit of electric wiring (see
5.11.1.4, 5.11.1.6, 5.11.4);
—  overload of electric wiring (see
5.12.1.3, 5.11.4, 5.12.1.2, 5.12.3);
—  unexpected start of machine after an
interruption (see 55.12.3, 5.12.3.5.1);
—  unexpected reversal of drive (see
5.4.2.3, 5.12.1.2);
—  excessive speed (see 5.4.2.3, 5.12.1.2);
—  excessive deceleration during stop-
ping (see 5.12.1.2).
4.8 Hazards generated by break-up No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
during operation
Even if the design of an escalator or mov-
ing walks follows the requirements of EN
115-1, there are specific hazards which
can occur due to
—  greater than specified user and struc-
tural loads on the truss (see 5.2.5);
—  loads greater than specified onto the
balustrade (see 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2.4);
—  loads greater than specified on the
steps/pallets by unforeseeable misuse
(see 5.3.3);
—  loads greater than specified on the
drive unit (see 5.4.1.3, 5.4.3, 5.4.4).
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4.9 Slipping, tripping and falling haz- No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
ards
Most of the dangerous situations on es-
calators and moving walks are caused by
the slipping and falling of persons.
These include:
—  slipping on steps/pallets/belt, on
the comb plate and floor plate (see 5.3.1,
5.5.4, 5.7.1);
—  falling caused by handrail speed
deviation (incl. standstill) (see 5.6.1, Fig.
G.1, Fig. G.3);
—  falling caused by change of the direc-
tion of movement (see 5.4.2.3);
—  falling caused by increased accel-
eration/deceleration (see 5.2.2, 5.4.1.1,
5.4.1.2, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.7.2.1, 5.7.2.2,
5.7.2.3, 5.7.2.4);
—  falling caused by unexpected start/
stopping or excessive speed of the ma-
chine (see 5.12.3.5.1);
—  falling caused by inadequate lighting
at the landings (see A.2.8, A.2.9).
4.10 Hazards specific for this type of No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
machine
Many hazards are specific for that type of
machine. These include:
—  missing steps or pallets (see 5.3.6);
—  trapping by hand winding device (see
5.4.1.4);
—  misuse by transporting other items
than persons (e.g. shopping or luggage
trolleys, push chairs) (see 7.4.1 d), A.4, Fig.
G.4, Annex I);
—  climbing on the outside of the balus-
trade (see 5.5.2.2);
—  sliding between balustrades (see
5.5.2.2);
—  climbing over the balustrade (see
5.5.2.6);
—  surfing on the handrail (see 5.5.2.2);
—  storage of merchandise adjacent to
the balustrade (see 7.4.1 d));
—  creation of traffic jam at blocked land-
ings or intermediate exits of consecutive
escalators or moving walks (see A.2.5,
A.2.6);
—  disturbance of the person flow in
connected escalators/moving walks (see
A.2.5, A.2.6);
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—  lifting by the handrail at the newel
ends and falling over adjacent fixed
barrier or the balustrade of the escalator/
moving walk (see A.2.7).
NOTE For the actual type of machinery,
noise is not considered as a significant nor
relevant hazard.
4.11 Significant hazards due to seismic No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
events
—  Damage to equipment (see M.2, M.3,
M.5);
—  Crushing by displacement of equip-
ment (see M.4).
REMARK: Only EN provides a list of the significant hazards.
5 Safety requirements and/or protec- No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
tive/risk reduction measures
5.1 General
5.2 Supporting structure (truss) and 6.1.2 No equivalent requirements.
enclosure
6.2.2
5.2.1 General
5.2.1.1 Complete enclosure
No equivalent requirement 6.1.1 No equivalent requirements.
Note: Floor openings to be protected
AGREED UPON: The truss sides and undersides are to be covered with limited combustibility material. These materials are
determined by individual building or fire codes in each country.
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES: A17.1/B44 requires that side and undersides of a truss are to be enclosed with materials de-
fined as either non-combustible or limited combustible to protect both the escalator and the environment.
5.2.1.2 gaps or openings ≤ 4 mm risk of Defined in building codes. No equivalent requirements.
contact with moving parts. Force of 250 N
for exterior panel on an area of 2 500 mm
without breakage. Fixing to carry twice
the deadload of the enclosure.
5.2.1.3 Omission of enclosure No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
REMARK: The omission of enclosure is only mentioned in EN. The protection in case of fire are to be in accordance to the
agreed upon point to 5.2.1.1
5.2.1.4 Cleaning inside of enclosure. 8.6.8.13 No equivalent requirements.
8.6.9.11
5.2.1.5 Apertures for ventilation. 6.1.2/ 6.2.2 No equivalent requirements.
AGREED UPON: Escalators/moving walks are to be effectively ventilated to dissipate excessive heat. Apertures are to not ena-
ble contact with moving parts.
5.2.1.6 Requirement for safety device 6.1.7.3.3 No equivalent requirements.
6.2.7.3.3
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE: EN requires an electrical interlock and A17.1/B44 requires mechanical lock.
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5.2.2 Angle of inclination 6.1.3 BSLJ-EO Art.129–12 1.(2)
Angle of inclination α ≤ 30° 6.1.3.1 α ≤ 30°
α ≤ 35°, if rise ≤6 m and v ≤ 0,5 m/s 6.2.3.1 Moving walks: α ≤ 15°
Moving walks: α ≤ 12° BSLJ-EO; Art. 129–12 EXP. 1 (2)
(1)(a) α ≤ 35°, rise: ≤ 6 m, speed: ≤
0,5 m/s, step depth: ≤ 35 cm, num-
ber of flat steps: ≥2
[MOC-N (No.1413–2000) 2–1]
(2)(a) α ≤ 4°, step width
1,1 < z ≤ 1,6 m
(3)(e) The escalator of which speed
varies in halfway of travel.
Position where the speed of step
varies: α≤ 4°
Position other than the mentioned
above: α≤ 8°
REMARK:
— Escalators: A17.1/B44 specifies an angle of inclination less or equal to 30°. EN and JIS permit an angle up to 35° under
special conditions (EN and Japan: Rise max. 6 m, speed max. 0,5 m/s).
— Moving walks: Historical background: EN permits inclined moving walks in order to support the use of trolleys (see
Annex I.2).
5.2.3 Access to the interior 8.1.3 No equivalent requirements.
Requirements on authorization
REMARK: EN and A17.1/B44 are defining specific requirements to access inside the truss machinery spaces and separate ma-
chinery spaces outside the escalator (separate machine rooms).
5.2.4 Inspection covers No equivalent requirements. No equivalent requirements.
i) Inspection covers for
inspection and maintenance
require safety device
ii) Closing/Opening requirements
for inspection covers
iii) Multiple part inspection covers
requirement
iv) Inspection cover requirements
according to their location
v) No requirement
REMARK: Same intention of secure foothold requirements, but EN covered under 5.7.1 surface properties.
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE: EN requires an electrical interlock and ANSI requires mechanical lock and guarding. ANSI
defines a weight limitation, EN follows occupational health and safety requirements.
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5.2.5 Structural design 6.1.3.9 BSLJ-EO (Structure of escalator)
the dead weight of the escalator or mov- 6.2.3.10 Article 129–12
ing walk plus a structural rated load of
6.1.3.9.1 P = 2 600 A N/m2
5 000 N/m2.
6.2.3.10.1 where:
deflection shall not exceed 1/750 of the
distance l1 between the supports.
P is the carrying load for the esca-
lator, in Newton;
Based on the structural rated load for the
comb plate and floor plate the maximum
A is the horizontal projected area
deflection shall not exceed 4 mm
of the steps of the escalators, in
square meters.
the meshing of the combs shall be en-
sured.
MOC-N (No.1418–2000)
(see Figure 5)
1. Load for stress calculation
G1+α(G2+P)
α: 1.0(Normal condition) /
1.5(Safety device is actuated)
[see 2.4.2 Table 2]
2.(2) Safety factor
Steel or other metal steps
S F: 3 . 0 ( Nor m a l c on d i t ion)/
2.0(Safety device is actuated)
Steel materials in steel construc-
tion
S F: 3 . 0 ( N or m a l c on d i t i on)/
2.0(Safety device is actuated)
[see 2.4.2 Table 3]
JEAS-A1003 (2014)
Escalator specifications.
JEAS-1004B (2002)
Structural calculation for escalator.
5.2.5
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE:
— A specific deflection of the truss (supporting structure) is required by EN.
— The machinery load, used for the calculation of the driving machine and the power transmission components, is clearly
defined in A17.1/B44; EN and JIS are using the rated load for the calculation of the power transmission components.
No equivalent requirements. 6.2.3.9 No equivalent requirements.
No equivalent requirements. 6.1.3.7 No equivalent requirements.
5.3 Steps, pallets, belt 6.1.3.5.1 No equivalent requirements.
5.3.1 General 6.2.3.5.5
i) Step tread horizontally (±1°),
ii) Secure foothold defined.
REMARK: All steps treads are to remain horizontal in the area accessible to passengers.
No equivalent requirements. 6.1.3.5.1(a) and (b) No equivalent requirements.
6.2.3.5.5 (a) and (b)
No equivalent requirements. 6.1.3.5.8 No equivalent requirements.
6.2.3.5.6
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REMARK: A17.1/B44 is the only code which explicitly requires measures to prevent steps from falling into the interior in case of
roller and assembly failures.
5.3.2 Dimensions 6.2.3.7 BSLJ-EO (Structure of escalator)
Article 129–12
5.3.2.1 General
not more than 1,10 m for escalators
0,58 m ≤ z ≤ 1,10 m
MOC-N (No. 1413–2000; 2 (2)(c)
For moving walks with an angle of incli-
and 2(3)(f)
nation up to 6° widths up to 1,65 m are
permitted For moving walks z ≤ 1,6 m for not
more than 4°
z ≤ 1,1 m for more than 4°
REMARK: Minor differences in dimensions of treadway
AGREED UPON: 560 mm ≤ z ≤ 1 100 mm
WORLDWIDE ACCEPTANCE: 580 mm ≤ z ≤ 1 020 mm
5.3.2.2 Step treads and pallets (see Fig- 6.1.3.5.2 MOC-N (No.1413–2000)
ure 5, detail X and Fi
...