ISO 10784-1:2011
(Main)Space systems - Early operations - Part 1: Spacecraft initialization and commissioning
Space systems - Early operations - Part 1: Spacecraft initialization and commissioning
A general definition of initialization is that it begins at separation of the spacecraft (SC) from the launcher. In some cases, a more exact definition will be that initialization begins in flight, upon planned change in mode or state of the SC from the launch configuration. Commissioning is completed when the SC, including its payload, is certified for initial mission operations. Prior to certification for mission operations, the SC is described as a test article in the three parts of ISO 10784. ISO 10784 does not include a requirement for contingency plans, but does include a statement of the need for contingency planning. ISO 10784-1:2011 outlines general descriptive information for SC initialization and commissioning as might be appropriate for programme management, project engineering or programme test documentation. Since the SC is considered a test article at this phase of its operational life, ISO 17566 is used as a normative reference in constructing the initialization plan and the commissioning report. It provides SC manufacturers, SC operators and other stakeholders with a common language and form to verify and document spacecraft initialization and commissioning prior to normal SC mission operations.
Systèmes spatiaux — Opérations initiales — Partie 1: Initialisation et prise en mains du véhicule spatial
General Information
Overview
ISO 10784-1:2011 - "Space systems - Early operations - Part 1: Spacecraft initialization and commissioning" defines a common descriptive framework and language for the early-operations phase of spacecraft life. It covers the period from spacecraft separation (or a planned in-flight mode change) through completion of commissioning when the spacecraft, including payload(s), is certified for initial mission operations. The standard is intended for programme management, project engineering and test documentation to verify and record spacecraft readiness prior to normal mission operations.
Key topics and requirements
- Scope and definitions: Clear definitions of initialization, early operations, and commissioning to align stakeholder expectations.
- Introduction clause content: Guidance on what to include in the introduction of an initialization plan or commissioning report - purpose, overall initialization sequence, and certification criteria.
- Initialization and commissioning strategy matrix: A notional matrix that sequences pre-launch and post-launch events (e.g., power application, flight software load, separation, solar-array deployment, telemetry/TT&C verification, payload calibration) to plan and document activities and prerequisites.
- Spacecraft configuration: Requirements to document the spacecraft configuration (identification, reference frames, mass properties) and maintain a configuration matrix that reflects changes during initialization.
- Operational constraints: Identification of initialization constraints and limitations, including thermal, power and operational-mode considerations.
- Commissioning report structure: Recommended content for commissioning reports - approach, event flow, analyses, input parameters/tolerances, instrumentation, success criteria, evaluation of results, deviations and conclusions.
- Orbital‑debris considerations: Statements on hardware retention, avoiding unintentional release of objects, collision-avoidance measures and conjunction analysis (references ISO 24113 and IADC guidelines).
- Normative references: ISO 17566 (general test documentation) is used as a normative reference for constructing initialization plans and commissioning reports; ISO 10784-3 and ISO 24113 are also cross-referenced.
Applications and users
Who uses ISO 10784-1:
- Spacecraft manufacturers preparing initialization plans and commissioning reports.
- Spacecraft operators verifying readiness for mission operations.
- Programme managers and systems engineers coordinating early-operations activities.
- Test teams and mission assurance documenting test articles and certification criteria. Practical applications include standardizing the format and content of initialization plans and commissioning reports, ensuring consistent verification of subsystems and payloads, and supporting safe, documented transition from launch to operational mission phases.
Related standards
- ISO 10784-2 / ISO 10784-3 (other parts of the series covering the initialization plan and commissioning report formats)
- ISO 17566 - Space systems: General test documentation (normative reference)
- ISO 24113 - Space debris mitigation requirements
Keywords: ISO 10784-1, spacecraft initialization, spacecraft commissioning, early operations, initialization plan, commissioning report, space systems, orbital debris, payload commissioning.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 10784-1:2011 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Space systems - Early operations - Part 1: Spacecraft initialization and commissioning". This standard covers: A general definition of initialization is that it begins at separation of the spacecraft (SC) from the launcher. In some cases, a more exact definition will be that initialization begins in flight, upon planned change in mode or state of the SC from the launch configuration. Commissioning is completed when the SC, including its payload, is certified for initial mission operations. Prior to certification for mission operations, the SC is described as a test article in the three parts of ISO 10784. ISO 10784 does not include a requirement for contingency plans, but does include a statement of the need for contingency planning. ISO 10784-1:2011 outlines general descriptive information for SC initialization and commissioning as might be appropriate for programme management, project engineering or programme test documentation. Since the SC is considered a test article at this phase of its operational life, ISO 17566 is used as a normative reference in constructing the initialization plan and the commissioning report. It provides SC manufacturers, SC operators and other stakeholders with a common language and form to verify and document spacecraft initialization and commissioning prior to normal SC mission operations.
A general definition of initialization is that it begins at separation of the spacecraft (SC) from the launcher. In some cases, a more exact definition will be that initialization begins in flight, upon planned change in mode or state of the SC from the launch configuration. Commissioning is completed when the SC, including its payload, is certified for initial mission operations. Prior to certification for mission operations, the SC is described as a test article in the three parts of ISO 10784. ISO 10784 does not include a requirement for contingency plans, but does include a statement of the need for contingency planning. ISO 10784-1:2011 outlines general descriptive information for SC initialization and commissioning as might be appropriate for programme management, project engineering or programme test documentation. Since the SC is considered a test article at this phase of its operational life, ISO 17566 is used as a normative reference in constructing the initialization plan and the commissioning report. It provides SC manufacturers, SC operators and other stakeholders with a common language and form to verify and document spacecraft initialization and commissioning prior to normal SC mission operations.
ISO 10784-1:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 49.140 - Space systems and operations. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10784-1
First edition
2011-12-01
Space systems — Early operations —
Part 1:
Spacecraft initialization and
commissioning
Systèmes spatiaux — Opérations initiales —
Partie 1: Initialisation et prise en mains du véhicule spatial
Reference number
ISO 10784-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Introduction clause of an initialization plan or commissioning report . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Overall sequence of initialization events . 2
4.3 Overall relations of commissioning functions . 2
4.4 Orbital-debris considerations in spacecraft initialization and commissioning . 2
5 Objectives of spacecraft initialization and commissioning . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Spacecraft initialization and commissioning strategy matrix . 3
6 Spacecraft configuration for spacecraft initialization and commissioning . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Identification and general configuration . 5
6.3 Deviations from the planned configuration. 5
6.4 Functional configuration . 5
7 Spacecraft initialization plan . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Spacecraft configuration . 6
7.3 Initialization constraints and limitations . 6
8 Spacecraft commissioning report . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Approach and methodology . 6
8.3 Event flow . 6
8.4 Supporting analyses . 6
8.5 Input parameters, tolerances, and limits . 7
8.6 Instrumentation . 7
8.7 Success criteria . 7
8.8 Evaluation of results . 7
8.9 Deviations . 7
8.10 Conclusion . 7
Bibliography . 8
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10784-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
ISO 10784 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems — Early operations:
— Part 1: Spacecraft initialization and commissioning
— Part 2: Initialization plan
— Part 3: Commissioning report
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The three parts of ISO 10784 provide spacecraft (SC) manufacturers and operators with a specific form and
format for writing SC initialization plans and commissioning reports required to configure and verify the SC
to perform normal mission operations. Often, SC manufacturers and operators have defined these plans
and reports uniquely for each programme, or regional, national and corporate organizations have unique
initialization plans and commissioning reports. The three parts of ISO 10784 aim at establishing a common
language and form for SC stakeholders. The use of one form and format will simplify stakeholder understanding
of initialization and commissioning activities.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10784-1:2011(E)
Space systems — Early operations —
Part 1:
Spacecraft initialization and commissioning
1 Scope
A general definition of initialization is that it begins at separation of the spacecraft (SC) from the launcher. In
some cases, a more exact definition will be that initialization begins in flight, upon planned change in mode or
state of the SC from the launch configuration. Commissioning is completed when the SC, including its payload,
is certified for initial mission operations. Prior to certification for mission operations, the SC is described as a
test article in the three parts of ISO 10784. ISO 10784 does not include a requirement for contingency plans,
but does include a statement of the need for contingency planning.
This part of ISO 10784 outlines general descriptive information for SC initialization and commissioning as might
be appropriate for programme management, project engineering or programme test documentation. Since the
SC is considered a test article at this phase of its operational life, ISO 17566 is used as a normative reference in
constructing the initialization plan and the commissioning report. It provides SC manufacturers, SC operators
and other stakeholders with a common language and form to verify and document spacecraft initialization and
commissioning prior to normal SC mission operations.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10784-3:2011, Space systems — Early operations — Part 3: Commissioning report
ISO 17566, Space systems — General test documentation
ISO 24113:2011, Space systems — Space debris mitigation requirements
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
commissioning
certification of a spacecraft as ready for mission operations
3.1.2
early operations
period from initialization to commissioning for mission operations
3.1.3
initialization
initial functional and operational checkout of a spacecraft following separation from the launch vehicle
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms
LV launch vehicle
PL payload
SC spacecraft
4 Introduction clause of an initialization plan or commissioning report
4.1 General
The introduction clause of an initialization plan or commissioning report shall provide general information about
the technical content of the initialization plan and the commissioning report. It shall include a brief description
of the initialization sequence. The overall initialization objective shall be described, and the criteria for the SC
certification shall be stated.
4.2 Overall sequence of initialization events
This subclause of the introductory clause shall summarize the overall sequence of functional and operational
sequences conducted to demonstrate the initial operational status of the spacecraft with respect to the
operational environment and shall explain how the test in question fits into this sequence. The starting mode
of the spacecraft shall be the same as the launch mode. The ending mode of the spacecraft shall be the initial
operational mode.
4.3 Overall relations o
...
기사 제목: ISO 10784-1:2011 - 우주 시스템 - 초기 운영 - 제1부: 우주선 초기화 및 적합화 기사 내용: 초기화의 일반적인 정의는 우주선(SC)이 발사체로부터 분리되기 시작할 때 시작된다. 일부 경우에는 더 정확한 정의로 초기화는 우주선이 발사 구성에서 계획된 모드 또는 상태 변경 시에 비행 도중에 시작된다. 적합화는 우주선과 그 페이로드가 초기 미션 운영을 위해 인증될 때 완료된다. 미션 운영 인증 이전에 우주선은 ISO 10784의 세 부분에서 테스트 항목으로 설명된다. ISO 10784에는 예비 계획 요구사항이 포함되어 있지 않지만, 예비 계획의 필요성에 대한 명시가 포함되어 있다. ISO 10784-1:2011은 프로그램 관리, 프로젝트 엔지니어링 또는 프로그램 테스트 문서에 적합한 우주선 초기화 및 적합화에 대한 일반적인 기술적 정보를 제공한다. 이 운영 단계에서 우주선은 테스트 아이템으로 간주되므로 초기화 계획과 적합화 보고서 작성에 ISO 17566이 규범적 참조로 사용된다. 이는 우주선 제조업체, 운영자 및 기타 이해 관계자들에게 정상적인 우주선 미션 운영 이전에 우주선 초기화 및 적합화를 검증하고 문서화하기 위한 공통 언어와 형식을 제공한다.
記事のタイトル：ISO 10784-1:2011 - スペースシステム - 初期運用 - 第1部：宇宙船の初期化と就役 記事の内容：初期化の一般的な定義は、宇宙船（SC）が打ち上げ装置から分離することから始まるとされています。いくつかの場合、より正確な定義として、初期化は予定されたモードまたは状態の変更が宇宙船の飛行中に行われるときに始まるとされています。就役は、宇宙船とそのペイロードが初期のミッション運用に認定されるまで完了します。ミッション運用に認定される前は、宇宙船はISO 10784の3つの部分でテストアイテムとして説明されます。ISO 10784には予備計画の要件は含まれていませんが、予備計画の必要性に関する声明が含まれています。ISO 10784-1:2011は、プログラム管理、プロジェクトエンジニアリング、またはプログラムのテスト文書に適した、宇宙船の初期化と就役のための一般的な記述情報を提供します。この運用段階では、宇宙船はテストアイテムと見なされるため、初期化計画と就役報告書の作成にはISO 17566が規範的な参照として使用されます。これらの基準の目的は、通常の宇宙船のミッション運用が開始される前に、初期化と就役のプロセスを検証し文書化するための共通の言語と形式を宇宙船の製造業者、運用業者、および他の利害関係者に提供することです。
The article discusses ISO 10784-1:2011, which is a standard for spacecraft initialization and commissioning in space systems. Initialization is defined as the start of operations after the spacecraft separates from the launcher, while commissioning is the process of certifying the spacecraft and its payload for initial mission operations. Before certification, the spacecraft is referred to as a test article. The standard does not require contingency plans but emphasizes the importance of contingency planning. ISO 10784-1:2011 provides general descriptive information for SC initialization and commissioning and references ISO 17566 for constructing the initialization plan and commissioning report. The goal of these standards is to provide a common language and form for verifying and documenting these processes before the spacecraft's normal mission operations begin.
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