ISO/IEC 26925:2006

Information technology - Digital storage media for information interchange - Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format - Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 8X)

ISO/IEC 26925:2006 specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm rewritable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the phase change method. These disks are identified as +RW HS (High Speed). ISO/IEC 26925:2006 also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These disks have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller dimensions.

Technologies de l'information — Supports de stockage numérique pour échange de données — Échange de données sur disque optique de 120 mm et 80 mm en utilisant le format +RW HS — Capacité: 4,7 Gbytes et 1,46 Gbytes par face (vitesse d'enregistrement de 8X)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 29-Oct-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Oct-2006
• ICS: 35.220.30 - Optical storage devices
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 10-Jun-2009
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 26925:2009 - Information technology - Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format - Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)
• Effective Date: 26-Jun-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 26925
First edition
2006-11-01
Information technology — Digital storage
media for information interchange — Data
Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm
Optical Disk using +RW HS Format —
Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side
(Recording speed 8X)
Technologies de l'information — Supports de stockage numérique pour
échange de données -— Échange de données sur disque optique de
120 mm et 80 mm en utilisant le format +RW HS — Capacité:
4,7 Gbytes et 1,46 Gbytes par face (vitesse d'enregistrement de 8X)

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2006
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ii © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction.viii
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance.1
2.1 Optical Disk.1
2.2 Generating system .2
2.3 Receiving system .2
2.4 Compatibility statement.2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Conventions and notations .4
5.1 Representation of numbers.4
5.2 Names.5
6 List of acronyms.5
7 General description of the optical disk.6
8 General Requirements .7
8.1 Environments.7
8.2 Safety requirements.8
8.3 Flammability.8
9 Reference Drive .8
9.1 Optical system.8
9.2 Optical beam .9
9.3 Read channel 1 .10
9.4 Disk clamping .10
9.5 Rotation of the disk.11
9.6 Wobble channel (Read channel 2).11
9.7 Tracking channel (Read channel 2).11
9.8 Reference servo systems .11
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk.14
10 Dimensional characteristics.14
10.1 Reference Planes.15
10.2 Overall dimensions .16
10.3 First transition area.16
10.4 Second transition area.17
10.5 Clamping Zone.17
10.6 Third transition area.17
10.7 Information Zone .17
10.8 Rim area.18
10.9 Remark on tolerances.18
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved iii

11 Mechanical characteristics. 18
11.1 Mass. 18
11.2 Moment of inertia. 18
11.3 Dynamic imbalance . 18
11.4 Axial runout. 18

11.5 Radial runout. 19
12 Optical characteristics in the Information Zone.20
12.1 Index of refraction. 20
12.2 Thickness of the substrate . 20
12.3 Reflectivity. 20
12.4 Birefringence. 20
12.5 Angular deviation. 21
Section 3 - Format of information . 21
13 Data format. 21
13.1 Data Frames.
13.2 Scrambled Frames. 24
13.3 ECC Blocks. 25
13.4 Recording Frames . 26
13.5 Modulation and NRZI conversion. 27
13.6 Physical Sectors . 27
13.7 Layout of a Recording UNit (RUN) . 28

13.8 d.c. component suppression control . 29
14 Track format . 30
14.1 Track shape. 30
14.2 Track path. 31
14.3 Track pitch. 31
14.4 Track layout. 31

Section 4 - Format of the Information Zone . 51
15 General description of the Information Zone. 51
16 Layout of the Information Zone. 51
16.1 Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs). 52
17 Lead-in Zone. 52
17.1 Initial Zone. 52
17.2 Inner Disk Test Zone . 52
17.3 Inner Drive Test Zone . 52
17.4 Guard Zone 1. 53
17.5 Reserved Zone 1 . 53
17.6 Reserved Zone 2 . 53
17.7 Inner Disk Identification Zone . 54
17.8 Reserved Zone 3 . 54
17.9 Reference Code Zone. 54
17.10 Buffer Zone 1. 54
17.11 Control Data Zone. 54
17.12 Buffer Zone 2 .56
18 Data Zone .56
19 Lead-out Zone.57
19.1 Buffer Zone 3 .57
19.2 Outer Disk Identification Zone .57
19.3 Guard Zone 2 .57
19.4 Reserved Zone 4.57
19.5 Outer Drive Test Zone.58
19.6 Outer Disk Test Zone .58
19.7 Guard Zone 3 .58
iv © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

20 Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) .58
21 Formatting.58
21.1 Pre-formatting.59

21.2 Background formatting.59

21.3 Sequential recording without formatting.60
22 Disk Control Blocks .61

22.1 General format of Disk Control Blocks .61
22.2 Format of the Formatting DCB (FDCB) .63
22.3 Format of the Write inhibit DCB (WDCB) .67
Section 5 - Characteristics of the groove .69
23 General.69
24 Method of testing.69
24.1 Environment.69

24.2 Reference Drive .69

24.3 Definition of signals .70

25 Characteristics of the groove signals .70
25.1 Phase depth .70
25.2 Push-pull signal.70
25.3 Track Cross signal .71
25.4 Normalized wobble signal .71
25.5 Characteristics of the wobble .71
Section 6 - Characteristics of the recording layer .71
26 Method of testing.71
26.1 Environment.72
26.2 Reference Drive .72
26.3 Write conditions .73

26.4 Measurement conditions .73
27 Characteristics of the recorded signals . 74
27.1 Channel bit length. 74
27.2 Definition of signals. 74
27.3 Read stability. 76
28 Additional testing conditions . 76
28.1 Test environment. 76
28.2 Definition of signals. 77
29 Quality of the recording layer. 79
29.1 Defects. 79
29.2 Data errors. 79
Section 7 - Characteristics of user data . 80
30 Method of testing. 80
30.1 Environment. 80
30.2 Reference Drive. 80
31 Minimum quality of a Recording Unit . 81
31.1 Tracking. 81
31.2 User-written data. 81
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved v

Annex A (normative) 80 mm disk . 82
Annex B (normative) Structure for Extended format information in the Data Zone . 85
Annex C (normative) Measurement of light reflectivity. 88
Annex D (normative) Measurement of birefringence . 90
Annex E (normative) Measuring conditions for operation signals . 93
Annex F (normative) Measurement of the differential phase tracking error. 96
Annex G (normative) The write pulse wave form for testing. 100
Annex H (normative) 8-to-16 Modulation. 103
Annex I (normative) Optimum Power Control . 112
Annex J (normative) Logical to Physical address translation . 117
Annex K (informative) Explanation about the usage of the reference servos . 118
Annex L (informative) Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude. 123
Annex M (informative) Transportation . 125
Annex N (informative) Defect Management and Physical Formatting. 126
Annex O (informative) Video Content Protection System .127
Annex P (informative) How to use the Physical format information in ADIP.128
Annex Q (informative) Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications .130

vi © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 26925 was prepared by TC31 (as ECMA-371) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track
procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval
by national bodies of ISO and IEC.

© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved vii

Introduction
Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and
Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions
to ISO/IEC toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm
and 356 mm media. Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by Ecma,
almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International
Standards.
In February 2002, a group of companies proposed to TC31 to develop a standard for 120 mm
rewritable optical disks using Phase Change recording technology and based on the DVD - Read-Only
standard (ISO/IEC 16448) and the +RW format (ISO/IEC 16969). TC31 adopted this project and started
the work that has resulted in ISO/IEC 17341.
In February 2005, a proposal was made to TC31 to develop a new International Standard that supports
high-speed recording of 120 mm and 80 mm rewritable disks based on the same technology as
ISO/IEC 17341.
This International Standard specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks, one (Type S) making use of
recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 4,7 or 1,46 Gbytes per
disk and the other (Type D) making use of recording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal
capacity of 9,4 or 2,92 Gbytes per disk.
This International Standard, taken together with a standard for volume and file structure, such as for
instance developed in Ecma Technical Committee TC15, provides the requirements for information
interchange between systems.
viii © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 26925:2006(E)

Information technology — Digital storage media for information
interchange — Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical
Disk using +RW HS Format — Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per
Side (Recording speed 8X)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm
rewritable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded
and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information
interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the
phase change method. These disks are identified as +RW HS (High Speed).
This International Standard also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These
disks have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the
smaller dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in Annex A.
This International Standard specifies:
− two related but different Types of this disk (see Clause 7);
− the conditions for conformance;
− the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored;
− the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical
interchange between data processing systems;
− the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the
error correcting codes and the coding method;
− the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the
data from the disk.
This International Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a
standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk
shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its
Type.
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved 1

2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is
in accordance with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle both Types of
optical disk according to 2.1.
2.4 Compatibility statement
A claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this International Standard shall include a
statement listing any other standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers of the standards,
the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or both
reading and writing.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 4873:1991, Information technology — ISO 8-bit code for information interchange — Structure and
rules for implementation
ISO/IEC 16448:2002, Information technology — 120 mm DVD — Read-only disk
ISO/IEC 16449:2002, Information technology — 80 mm DVD — Read-only disk
ISO/IEC 17341:2005, Information technology — Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using
+RW format — Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 4X)
ISO/IEC 17344:2005, Information technology — Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using
+R format — Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 8X)
ISO/IEC 25434:2006, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R DL Format — Capacity:
8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 2,4X)
nd
ECMA-287, Safety of electronic equipment — 2 edition (December 2002)
The efficiency and data reliability of +RW HS disks can be improved by the use of Background Formatting and
Defect Management. An example of such a system is referred to in Annex N.
Unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format
can be prevented by applying the Video Content Protection System as referred to in Annex O.
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
Channel bit
elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk
2 © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

4.2
Clamping Zone
annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device
4.3
Digital Sum Value
DSV
arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value +1 to bits set to ONE and the
decimal value −1 to bits set to ZERO
4.4
Disk Reference Plane
plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the Clamping Zone of the
disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation
4.5
dummy substrate
layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and, in some cases,
of the recording layer as well
4.6
entrance surface
surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges
4.7
field
subdivision of a sector
4.8
groove
trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track
location
NOTE The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the so-called land in between the grooves. The
recording is made on the groove.
4.9
interleaving
process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to
burst errors
4.10
mark
feature of the recording layer which may take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit, or any other type or
form that can be sensed by the optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.11
phase change
physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to change
from an amorphous state to a crystalline state, and vice versa
4.12
Physical Sector
smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently
of other addressable parts of the Zone
4.13
recording layer
layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and/or use
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved 3

4.14
Reed-Solomon code
RS
error detection and/or correction code
4.15
Reference velocity
linear velocity that results in the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s
4.16
space
feature of the recording layer which may take the form of an crystalline, a non-pit, or any other type or form
that can be sensed by the optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.17
substrate
transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the
optical beam accesses the recording layer
4.18
track
360° turn of a continuous spiral
4.19
track pitch
distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction
4.20
Video Content Protection System
VCPS
defines a method to prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded
in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format
4.21
wobble
continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline
NOTE Location information is included as phase modulated data in the wobble.
4.22
zone
annular area of the disk
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance,
it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02
allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,274.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
4 © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most
significant bit shown to the left. In a pattern of n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b
(n-1) 0
shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b shall be recorded first.
(n-1)
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement.
In each data field, the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, shall be
recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last.
In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b the least significant bit (lsb). Bit
(8n-1)
b shall be recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with an initial capital.
6 List of acronyms
a.c. alternating current
ADIP Address in Pre-groove
ASM Asymmetry
BP Byte Position
BPF Band Pass Filter
CAV Constant Angular Velocity
CLD Constant Linear Density
CLV Constant Linear Velocity
d.c. direct current
DCB Disk Control Block
DCC d.c. Component suppression Control
DOW Direct OverWrite
DSV Digital Sum Value
ECC Error Correction Code
EDC Error Detection Code
EI Extended Information
FDCB Formatting DCB
HF High Frequency
ID Identification Data
IED ID Error Detection code
LPF Low Pass filter
LSB Least Significant Byte
lsb Least Significant Bit
LSN Logical Sector Number
MSB Most Significant Byte
msb Most Significant Bit
NA Numerical Aperture
NRZ Non Return to Zero
NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted
NSL Normalized Slicing Level
OPC Optimum Power Control
OTP Opposite Track Path
PAA Physical Address in ADIP
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved 5

PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
PI Parity of Inner-code
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PO Parity of Outer-code
PP Push-Pull
pp peak-to-peak
PSN Physical Sector Number
PTP Parallel Track Path
RIN Relative Intensity Noise
RPM Revolutions per Minute
RS Reed-Solomon code
RSV Reserved (in use by specific applications)
RUN Recording UNit
SNR Signal to Noise Ration
SPS Start Position Shift
SYNC Synchronization code
7 General description of the optical disk
The optical disk that is the subject of this International Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by
an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer(s) is (are) on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on
the edge of the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently accessed. Clamping is performed in
the Clamping Zone. This International Standard provides for two Types of such disks.
Type S5 consists of a substrate, a single recording layer and a dummy substrate. The recording layer can
be accessed from one side only. The capacity is 4,7 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and 1,46
Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.
Type D10 consists of two substrates and two recording layers. From each side of the disk only one of the
recording layers can be accessed. The capacity is 9,4 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and
2,92 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.
Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of amorphous spots in the crystalline recording layer
and can be overwritten with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect between amorphous and
crystalline states. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect as the
difference in the reflectivity between amorphous and crystalline states. The beam accesses the recording
layer through a transparent substrate of the disk.
Figure 1 shows schematically the two Types.
6 © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved

Entrance surface
Substrate
Recording Layer
Type S5
Adhesive Layer
Dummy Substrate
Entrance surface
Substrate
Recording Layer
Type D10
Adhesive Layer
Recording Layer
Substrate
Entrance surface
Figure 1 - Types of +RW HS disk
8 General Requirements
8.1 Environments
8.1.1 Test environment
In the test environment, the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties:
temperature : 23 °C ± 2 °C
relative humidity : 45 % to 55 %
atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
No condensation on the disk shall occur. Before testing, the disk shall be conditioned in this environment for
48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned
according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.
Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment.
8.1.2 Operating environment
This International Standard requires that a disk which meets all requirements of this International Standard in
the specified test environment shall provide data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental
parameters in the operating environment.
The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the
following properties:
temperature : 5 °C to 55 °C
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved 7

relative humidity : 3 % to 85 %

3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature gradient : 10 °C/h max.
relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max.
No condensation on the disk shall occur. If the disk has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in
this Clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 h before use.
8.1.3 Storage environment
The storage environment is defined as the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall
have the following properties:
temperature : -10 °C to 55 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 90 %

3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 60 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature gradient : 15 °C/h max.
relative humidity gradient : 10 %/h max.
No condensation on the disk shall occur.
8.1.4 Transportation
This International Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex M.
8.2 Safety requirements
The disk shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner or in
any foreseeable use in an information processing system.
8.3 Flammability
The disk and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB
materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.
9 Reference Drive
The Reference Drive shall be used for the measurement of optical parameters for conformance with the
requirements of this International Standard. The critical components of this device have the characteristics
specified in this Clause.
9.1 Optical system
The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the (over)write and read
parameters is shown in Figure 2. Different components and locations of components are per
...