ISO 22965-2:2007
(Main)Concrete — Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concrete
Concrete — Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concrete
ISO 22965-2:2007 applies to concrete for structures cast in situ, pre-cast structures and structural pre-cast products for buildings and civil engineering structures. The concrete can be mixed on-site, ready-mixed concrete or produced in a plant for pre-cast concrete products. ISO 22965-2:2007 applies to concrete compacted to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than entrained air and to normal-weight, heavy-weight and light-weight concrete. Other International Standards for specific products, e.g. pre-cast products, or for processes within the field of the scope of this standard can require or permit deviations from ISO 22965-2:2007. ISO 22965-2:2007 specifies properties of the constituent materials, the production of concrete and the compliance system of concrete. ISO 22965-2:2007 does not apply to concrete with a maximum aggregate size equal to or less than 4 mm or 5 mm (mortar), aerated concrete, foamed concrete, concrete with an open structure ("no-fine aggregate" concrete), concrete with a density less than 800 kg/m3 or refractory concrete. ISO 22965-2:2007 does not cover health and safety requirements for the protection of workers during production and delivery of concrete.
Béton — Partie 2: Spécification des matériaux constituants, de la production du béton et de la conformité du béton
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22965-2
First edition
2007-04-01
Concrete —
Part 2:
Specification of constituent materials,
production of concrete and compliance
of concrete
Béton —
Partie 2: Spécification des matériaux constituants, de la production du
béton et de la conformité du béton
Reference number
©
ISO 2007
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2007
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Requirements for constituent materials. 4
5.1 General. 4
5.2 Cements. 4
5.3 Additions . 4
5.4 Aggregates. 5
5.5 Mixing water. 5
5.6 Admixtures. 6
6 Requirements for concrete . 6
6.1 Requirements for composition of concrete . 6
6.2 Requirements for fresh concrete . 7
6.3 Requirements for hardened concrete. 8
7 Production control of concrete . 11
7.1 General. 11
7.2 Production-control systems . 11
7.3 Testing. 13
8 Delivery of fresh concrete. 13
8.1 Delivery ticket for ready-mixed concrete . 13
8.2 Delivery information for site-mixed concrete . 14
8.3 Transport of concrete. 14
9 Compliance control and compliance criteria. 15
9.1 General. 15
9.2 Sampling and testing plan . 15
9.3 Compliance of an individual batch or load . 16
9.4 Compliance over an assessment period. 16
10 Evaluation of compliance . 17
10.1 General. 17
10.2 Assessment, surveillance and certification of production control . 17
Annex A (informative) Guidance on a “benchmark” production-control system. 18
Annex B (informative) Concrete families . 28
Annex C (normative) Provisions for assessment, surveillance and certification of production
control. 29
Annex D (informative) Additional provisions for high-strength concrete . 32
Annex E (normative) Compliance criteria for an individual batch for consistence and properties
other than consistence. 34
Annex F (informative) Guidance for the use of the k-value concept. 37
Annex G (informative) Guidance on the national annex . 39
Bibliography . 41
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22965-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and
pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 3, Concrete production and execution of concrete structures.
ISO 22965 consists of the following parts, under the general title Concrete:
⎯ Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
⎯ Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concrete
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is intended for nations that have no national concrete standard and it sets out a
framework of principles for nations revising their national standards. To be operable, this International
Standard needs a national annex or a reference to the national complementary provisions. This International
Standard can also be applied on specific projects where a project specification supplements the standards in
lieu of a national annex applicable at the place of use.
This International Standard is applied under various climatic and geographical conditions, various levels of
protection and under different established regional traditions and experience. Consequently, this International
Standard includes classes for concrete with different properties to cover the most frequent and normal
situations. For certain uses of concrete, additional or deviating rules can be necessary. The national
provisions, preferably given in a national annex to this International Standard, or the project specification can
specify any additional or deviating requirements.
During the development of this International Standard, consideration was given to detailing a performance-
related approach to the specification of durability. It was concluded that such an approach is not yet
sufficiently developed to be detailed in an International Standard. ISO/TC 71/SC 3 recognizes that some ISO
member bodies have developed local tests and criteria for performance-based specifications. This
International Standard does not exclude the continuation and development of such practices valid in the place
of use of the concrete as an alternative to the prescriptive approach. It is necessary that these requirements
be specified in the national annex or national complementary provisions. The Model Code for Service Limit
Design (MC-SLD), which was published by fib in 2006, is a promising basis for implementation as future
International Standards from ISO/TC 71; see ISO 22965-1:2007, Annex B.
This International Standard incorporates rules for the use of constituent materials that are covered by
International Standards. For materials for which International Standards have not yet been published, the
standards cited in the national annex (often the regional or national standards) apply; see 5.1. In particular,
documents in current use for by-products of industrial processes, recycled materials, etc. are based on local
experience. Until international specifications for these materials are available, this International Standard does
not provide rules for their use, but instead refers to the national annex.
This International Standard defines the two parties involved in the ordering and the supply of concrete, which
are hereinafter referred to as specifier and supplier. In practice, there can be several parties specifying
requirements at various stages of the design and construction process, e.g. the client, the designer, the
quantity surveyor, the constructor and the concreting subconstructor. Each is expected to pass the specified
requirements, together with any additional requirements, to the next party in the chain until they reach the
supplier. In the terms of this International Standard, this final compilation of requirements is known as the
“concrete specification”. In some cases, the specifier and the supplier is the same party (e.g. a constructor
doing design, production and execution). In the case of ready-mixed concrete, the purchaser is the specifier.
This part of ISO 22965 also gives rules for the exchange of information between the parties. Contractual
matters are not addressed.
This International Standard is intended for use with ISO 22965-1 and with the future ISO 22966, currently
under development, which will give the requirements associated with the level of quality specified and the
methods to be employed for the execution of concrete structures.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22965-2:2007(E)
Concrete —
Part 2:
Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete
and compliance of concrete
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22965 applies to concrete for structures cast in situ, pre-cast structures and structural pre-cast
products for buildings and civil engineering structures. The concrete can be mixed on site, ready-mixed concrete
or produced in a plant for pre-cast concrete products.
This part of ISO 22965 applies to concrete compacted to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other
than entrained air and to normal-weight, heavy-weight and light-weight concrete.
Other International Standards for specific products, e.g. pre-cast products, or for processes within the field of the
scope of this standard can require or permit deviations from this part of ISO 22965.
This part of ISO 22965 specifies the properties of constituent materials, the production of concrete and the
compliance system of concrete.
This part of ISO 22965 does not apply to
⎯ concrete with a maximum aggregate size equal to or less than 4 mm or 5 mm (mortar),
⎯ aerated concrete,
⎯ foamed concrete,
⎯ concrete with an open structure (“no-fine aggregate” concrete),
⎯ concrete with a density less than 800 kg/m ,
⎯ refractory concrete.
This part of ISO 22965 does not cover health and safety requirements for the protection of workers during
production and delivery of concrete.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO 680, Cement — Test methods — Chemical analysis
ISO 1770, Solid-stem general purpose thermometers
ISO 1920-1, Testing of concrete — Part 1: Sampling of fresh concrete
ISO 1920-2, Testing of concrete — Part 2: Properties of fresh concrete
ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete — Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
ISO 1920-4, Testing of concrete — Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete
ISO 1920-5, Testing concrete — Part 5: Properties of hardened concrete other than strength
ISO 9297, Water quality — Determination of chloride — Silver nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohr's
method)
ISO 22965-1:2007, Concrete — Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
ASTM C 173, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 22965, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22965-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
agitating equipment
equipment generally mounted on a self-propelled chassis and capable of maintaining fresh concrete in a
homogeneous state during transport
3.2
all-in aggregate
aggregate comprising a mixture of coarse and fine aggregates
3.3
concrete family
group of concrete compositions for which a reliable relationship between relevant properties is established
and documented
3.4
cubic metre of concrete
quantity of fresh concrete which, when compacted, occupies a volume of one cubic metre
3.5
high-strength concrete
concrete with a compressive strength class higher than B50 in the cases of normal-weight or heavy-weight
concrete and LB50 in the case of light-weight concrete
NOTE Other limits may be set in the national annex.
3.6
initial test
test or tests before the production starts to check how a new concrete or concrete family shall be composed in
order to meet all the specified requirements in the fresh and hardened states
3.7
non-agitating equipment
equipment used for transporting concrete without agitation in the sense of 3.1, e.g. dump truck or transport
hopper
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
3.8
production day
〈for strength testing〉
3 3
day in which 20 m or more of concrete has been produced or, on days when less than 20 m of concrete has
been produced, the day on which a cumulative 20 m of these concretes has been produced
NOTE The sequence is restarted on a new day for each occasion when a production day is counted. Limits other
than 20 m may be set in the national annex
3.9
production week
period of seven consecutive days comprising at least five production days or the period taken to complete
five production days, whichever is the longer period
3.10
truck mixer
concrete mixer mounted on a self-propelled chassis capable of mixing and delivering a homogeneous
concrete
3.11
project specification
project-specific document describing the requirements applicable for the particular project, giving all
information and requirements necessary for the execution of the works, including documents, drawings, etc.
NOTE The concrete specification drawn up by the specifier (see ISO 22965-1) should include all relevant
requirements for the concrete as given in the project specification.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in ISO 22965-1 and the following apply.
f characteristic compressive strength of concrete determined by testing cylinders, expressed in
ck,cyl
newtons per square millimetre
f compressive strength of concrete determined by testing cylinders, expressed in newtons per square
c,cyl
millimetre
f characteristic compressive strength of concrete determined by testing cubes, expressed in newtons
ck,cube
per square millimetre
f compressive strength of concrete determined by testing cubes, expressed in newtons per square
c,cube
millimetre
f mean compressive strength of concrete, expressed in newtons per square millimetre
cm
f mean tensile splitting strength of concrete, expressed in newtons per square millimetre
tsm
f characteristic tensile splitting strength of concrete, expressed in newtons per square millimetre
tsk
σ estimate for the standard deviation of a population
s standard deviation of n consecutive test results
n
R water/cement ratio
w/c
R ratio of water to the sum of the cement plus k times the addition, designated as the “effective
w/(c,ka)
cementitious material”
5 Requirements for constituent materials
5.1 General
For the use of constituent materials that are covered by International Standards, requirements contained in
the International Standards apply. For materials for which there are not yet International Standards, the
standards cited in the national annex (often regional or national standards) apply.
Constituent materials shall not contain harmful ingredients in such quantities as can be detrimental to the
strength, consistence, setting time and durability of the concrete, or cause corrosion of the reinforcement, and
shall be suitable for the intended use in concrete.
Constituent materials that conform to the relevant International Standards cited in this part of ISO 22965 shall
be deemed to meet the requirement that they do not contain harmful ingredients in such quantities as can be
detrimental to the durability of the concrete or cause corrosion of the reinforcement provided that the concrete
conforms to any specified limits placed on it, e.g. maximum chloride content.
Only constituent materials with established suitability for the specified application shall be used in concrete
conforming to this part of ISO 22965.
NOTE 1 Where general suitability is established for a constituent material, this does not indicate suitability in every
situation and for every concrete composition.
NOTE 2 This part of ISO 22965 lists constituent materials conforming to International Standards that have general
suitability. The national annex extends these lists of constituent materials with approved general suitability.
Where types and classes of constituent materials are not detailed in the specification, the producer shall select
constituent materials for the specified requirements only.
5.2 Cements
General suitability is established in the national annex for cements conforming to a standard listed in the same
annex.
NOTE The following types of cement have characteristics specified in regional and national standards:
⎯ portland cements;
⎯ portland composite cements;
⎯ blast-furnace-slag cements;
⎯ pozzolanic cements;
⎯ composite cements.
Cements can be specified in grades based on the 28-day strength in mortar (e.g. 32,5 MPa, 42,5 MPa and 52,5 MPa), and
as normal hardening, rapidly hardening or slowly hardening cements.
5.3 Additions
5.3.1 General suitability is established in the national annex for type I additions of the following types:
⎯ filler aggregate conforming to a standard listed in the same annex;
⎯ pigments conforming to a standard listed in the same annex.
4 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
5.3.2 General suitability is established in the national annex for type II additions of the following types:
⎯ fly ash conforming to a standard listed in the same annex;
⎯ silica fume conforming to a standard listed in the same annex;
⎯ ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) conforming to a standard listed in the national annex.
5.4 Aggregates
General suitability is established in the national annex for aggregates conforming to a standard listed in the
same annex.
The maximum aggregate size shall not be greater than the value specified.
NOTE 1 See the national annex for the test method. Most test methods permit a small proportion of over-sized
particles.
Light-weight aggregates shall conform to the following requirements.
a) The acid-soluble sulfate content shall be not more than 0,1 % by mass (see the national annex for the
test method);
b) For furnace-bottom ash or clinker, the loss-on-ignition shall be not more than 10 % by mass (see the
national annex for the test method).
Where freezing- and thawing-resistant, light-weight aggregates are specified, the producer shall hold data
demonstrating that the chosen light-weight aggregates produce concrete with adequate freezing and thawing
resistance.
NOTE 2 Freezing and thawing resistance is deemed to be adequate if the aggregates have a successful track record
of use for at least 10 years in similar or worse environments with concrete of the quality specified or lower than the quality
specified. An alternative method for determining freezing and thawing resistance is by relative freezing and thawing testing
of concrete in water or a salt solution, as appropriate. Where this latter method is to be used, it is necessary that the test
method and compliance criteria be specified in the national annex.
5.4.1 All-in aggregate
All-in aggregate shall be used only in concrete with compressive strength classes u B12.
5.4.2 Recovered aggregate
Aggregate recovered from wash water or fresh concrete may be used as aggregate for concrete.
Unless otherwise permitted by the national annex, undivided recovered aggregate shall not be added in
quantities greater than 5 % of the total aggregate. Where the quantities of the recovered aggregates are greater
than 5 % of the total aggregate, they shall be of the same type as the primary aggregate and shall be divided
into separate coarse and fine fractions and shall conform to the aggregate specification.
5.5 Mixing water
General suitability is established in the national annex for mixing water conforming to a standard listed in the
same annex.
Recycled water from concrete production shall be used in accordance with the conditions specified for its use in
a mixing-water standard of established suitability or in accordance with the provisions given in the national annex.
5.6 Admixtures
General suitability is established in the national annex for admixtures conforming to a standard listed in the
same annex.
The total amount of admixtures, if any, should not exceed the maximum dosage recommended by the
admixture producer.
Admixtures used in quantities less than 2 g/kg of cement shall be dispersed in part of the mixing water unless
otherwise specified in the national annex.
At higher levels of use, the producer may select the method of dispersal.
If the total quantity of liquid admixtures exceeds 3,0 l/m of concrete, its water content shall be taken into
account when calculating the water/cement ratio, unless otherwise specified in the national annex.
Where more than one admixture is used, the compatibility of the admixtures shall be checked in the initial tests.
6 Requirements for concrete
6.1 Requirements for composition of concrete
6.1.1 General
The concrete composition and the constituent materials shall be chosen to satisfy the requirements specified
for fresh and hardened concrete, including consistence, density, strength, durability and protection of
embedded steel against corrosion, taking into account the production process and, if informed, the intended
method of execution of the concrete works. Requirements for the use of additions shall be given in the
national annex.
Where not detailed in the specification, the producer shall select types and classes of constituent materials from
those with established suitability for the specified environmental conditions.
The concrete should be designed so as to minimize segregation and bleeding of the fresh concrete.
6.1.2 Resistance to alkali-aggregate reaction
Deleterious alkali-aggregate reaction shall be avoided using procedures specified in the national annex or the
project specification.
6.1.3 Use of additions
The quantities of type I and type II additions used in concrete shall be covered by the initial tests.
The influence of high quantities of additions on properties other than strength should be taken into account.
For designed concrete, the use of additions shall conform to the requirements specified in the national annex or
the project specification.
Type II additions conforming to 5.3 may be taken into account when calculating the cement content and the
water/cement ratio in accordance with the k-value concept and as permitted by the national annex.
NOTE Informative guidance on the k-value concept is given in Annex F. Other concepts, other k values, other
cements, other additions (including type I) or combinations of additions can be given in the national annex.
6.1.4 Chloride content
The chloride content of the concrete shall not exceed the value specified in the national annex or the project
specification.
6 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Calcium chloride and chloride-based admixtures shall not be added to concrete containing steel reinforcement,
pre-stressing steel reinforcement or other embedded metal.
The method for determining the chloride content of constituent materials is specified in Table 1.
Table 1 — Method for determining the chloride content of constituent materials
Constituent Method reference
Cement, fly ash, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), limestone See national annex
fines, pulverized fuel ash (PFA), metakaolin
Aggregate See national annex
Admixture See national annex
a
ISO 9297
Water
a
Testing is not required if the water is from a potable supply.
For the determination of the chloride content of the concrete, the sum of the contributions from the constituent
materials shall be determined using one of, or a combination of, the following methods:
⎯ calculation based on the maximum chloride content of the constituent either permitted in the standard for
the constituent or declared by the producer of each constituent material;
⎯ calculation based on the chloride content of the constituent materials calculated monthly from the sum of
the means of the last 25 determinations of chloride content plus 1,64 times the calculated standard
deviation for each constituent material.
NOTE The latter method is particularly applicable to sea-dredged aggregates and for those cases where there is no
declared or standard maximum value.
For the determination of the chloride content of the concrete, the measurement of freshly mixed trial mixtures
by means of methods defined in the national annex may be applied.
6.2 Requirements for fresh concrete
6.2.1 Consistence
When measured in accordance with Table 2, the consistence of the concrete at the time of use or, in the case of
ready-mixed concrete, at the time of delivery, shall be within the limits given in 9.3.
Where a slump class has been specified, the slump shall be measured to the highest point. Where a target
slump has been specified, the slump shall be measured to the highest point except where otherwise specified in
the national annex.
Table 2 — Method for measuring consistence
Method Conforming to
Slump ISO 1920-2
Slump flow ISO 1920-2
Flow ISO 1920-2
Other To be specified
If concrete is delivered in a truck mixer or agitating equipment, the consistence may be measured using a spot
sample obtained from the initial discharge. The spot sample shall be taken after a discharge of approximately
0,1 m in accordance with ISO 1920-1.
Admixtures or water, if permitted by the national annex or the project specification, may be added on site in
accordance with a documented procedure and used to bring the consistence to the specified value, provided
that the limiting values permitted by the specification are not exceeded and the addition of admixture is
considered for the concrete composition. Procedures for the addition of admixtures or water on site may be
specified in the national annex. The quantity of any additional admixtures or water added to the truck mixer
shall be recorded on the delivery ticket. For remixing, see Clause A.5.
The party who authorizes this addition is responsible for the consequences. The requirements for this
authorization shall be provided in the national annex.
6.2.2 Cement content and water/cement ratio
Where the cement, water or addition content is determined, addition content or added water shall be taken
either as recorded on the print-out of the batch recorder or, where recording equipment is not used, from the
production record in connection with the batching instruction.
The water/cement ratio of concrete shall be calculated on the basis of the determined cement content and the
effective water content; see 5.6 for liquid admixtures. The water absorption of normal-weight and heavy-
weight aggregates shall be determined in accordance with the method given in the national annex. The water
absorption of coarse, light-weight aggregate in the fresh concrete shall be determined in accordance with the
method given in the national annex.
For fine light-weight aggregate, the test method and criteria should be specified or declared by the producer.
Where the determination of the cement content, the addition content or water/cement ratio of fresh concrete
by analysis is required, the test method and tolerances shall be agreed between the specifier and producer.
The cement content and water/cement ratio shall be within the limits given in 9.3.
6.2.3 Air content
Air content of the concrete shall be measured in accordance with ISO 1920-2 for normal-weight and heavy-
weight concrete. For light-weight concrete, it shall be determined in accordance with the method given in the
national annex. The air content shall be within the limits given in 9.3.
6.2.4 Concrete temperature
The procedure used to measure the temperature of the fresh concrete shall be one of the following.
a) Within 2 min after taking the sample at delivery, insert a type A 100 mm immersion thermometer,
conforming to ISO 1770, into the sample to a depth of not less than 100 mm. When steady conditions
have been maintained for 1 min, record the temperature to the nearest 1 °C.
b) Use an alternative form of temperature-measurement device with a precision at least that of a
thermometer conforming to ISO 1770 to record the steady-state temperature to the nearest 1 °C.
When measured in accordance with the procedure specified above, the temperature of the fresh concrete at
the time of delivery shall not be less than 5 °C or the minimum value specified and shall not exceed any
specified upper value.
6.3 Requirements for hardened concrete
6.3.1 Compressive strength
Compressive strength shall be expressed as f where determined using cylindrical specimens with a length
c,cyl
twice the diameter and f where determined using cubical specimens, in accordance with ISO 1920-1,
c,cube
ISO 1920-3 and ISO 1920-4. The diameter of the cylinder or the side length of the cube shall be at least three
times the maximum aggregate size. In assessing the strength, other curing regimes may be used provided the
relationship to those standardized in ISO 1920-3 has been established with sufficient accuracy and has been
documented.
8 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
The producer shall declare prior to delivery whether the compressive strength is to be assessed on the basis
of cylinder or cube tests and the size of the specimen to be used.
Unless otherwise specified, the compressive strength shall be determined on specimens tested at 28 days.
NOTE For particular uses, it can be necessary to specify the compressive strength at ages earlier or later than
28 days (e.g. for massive structural elements) or after storage under special conditions (e.g. heat treatment).
The characteristic strength of the concrete shall be equal to or greater than the minimum characteristic
compressive strength for the specified compressive strength class given in Table 3 or 4. For intermediate-
strength classes not shown in the table, the minimum characteristic strength shall be obtained by interpolation.
Achievement of the minimum characteristic strength may be assumed if the concrete conforms to the
compliance criteria for compressive strength given in Clause 9.
Table 3 — Compressive strength classes for normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete
Minimum characteristic Minimum characteristic
a
cylinder strength cube strength
Compressive
strength class f f
ck,cyl ck,cube
2 2
N/mm N/mm
B8 8 10
B12 12 15
B16 16 20
B20 20 25
B25 25 30
B30 30 37
B35 35 45
B40 40 50
B45 45 55
B50 50 60
B55 55 67
B60 60 75
B70 70 85
B80 80 95
B90 90 105
B100 100 115
B110 110 130
B120 120 140
a
Other values may be used if the relationship between these and the reference cylinder strength is
established with sufficient accuracy and is documented.
Table 4 — Compressive strength classes for light-weight concrete
Minimum characteristic Minimum characteristic
a
cylinder strength cube strength
Compressive
strength class f f
ck,cyl ck,cube
2 2
N/mm N/mm
LB8 8 9
LB12 12 13
LB16 16 18
LB20 20 22
LB25 25 28
LB30 30 33
LB35 35 38
LB40 40 44
LB45 45 50
LB50 50 55
LB55 55 60
LB60 60 66
LB70 70 77
LB80 80 88
a
Other values may be used if the relationship between these and the reference cylinder strength is
established with sufficient accuracy and is documented.
6.3.2 Tensile splitting strength
The tensile splitting strength of concrete shall be measured in accordance with ISO 1920-4. Unless otherwise
specified, the tensile splitting strength shall be determined on specimens tested at 28 days.
The characteristic tensile splitting strength of the concrete shall be equal to or greater than the specified
characteristic tensile splitting strength. This may be assumed if the concrete conforms to the compliance
criteria for tensile splitting strength given in Clause 9.
6.3.3 Density
For normal-weight concrete, the oven-dry density shall be greater than 2 000 kg/m and not exceed
2 600 kg/m . Other limits may be set in the national annex. When determining the compliance of light-weight
or heavy-weight concrete to the target density, the density determination of hardened light-weight concrete
shall be in accordance with ISO 1920-5 and for either
a) oven-dry condition, or
b) condition specified.
The measured density shall be within the limits given in Clause 9.
6.3.4 Resistance to water penetration
When test specimens are tested for resistance to water penetration, the method and compliance criteria shall
be specified.
10 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
In the absence of an acceptable test method, resistance to water penetration may be specified indirectly by
limiting values for concrete composition.
6.3.5 Reaction-to-fire
Concrete, which is composed of natural aggregates conforming to 5.4, cement conforming to 5.2, admixtures
conforming to 5.6, additions conforming to 5.3 or other inorganic constituent materials conforming to 5.1, is
designated as a class that does not require a reaction-to-fire test.
7 Production control of concrete
7.1 General
All concrete shall be subjected to a documented production-control system under the responsibility of the
producer.
Production control shall be comprised of all measures necessary to maintain the properties of concrete in
compliance to specified requirements, including
⎯ selection of materials,
⎯ concrete mix design,
⎯ concrete production,
⎯ inspections and tests,
⎯ use of the results of tests on constituent materials, fresh and hardened concrete and equipment,
⎯ where relevant, inspection of equipment used in transporting fresh concrete.
These requirements shall be appropriate for the kind and size of the production, the works, the particular
equipment, the procedures and the rules specified in the national annex.
The production-control system should take account of the principles of a quality management system, such as
ISO 9001.
NOTE Guidance on a “benchmark” production-control system is given in Annex A.
7.2 Production-control systems
The responsibility, authority and the interrelation of all personnel who manage, perform and verify work
affecting the quality of the concrete shall be defined in a documented production-control system
(production-control manual).
NOTE This particularly concerns personnel who need the organizational freedom and authority to minimize the risk of
non-conforming concrete and to identify and record any quality problem.
The production-control systems shall be specified in a national annex in a combination of compliance controls
and compliance criteria.
When a producer fails to comply with any requirement for the production process and production control, the
producer shall investigate the consequences of the non-compliance. When this results in a non-compliance
with respect to Clause 9 or the requirements placed on the concrete, the producer shall declare the concrete
as non-conforming. In all cases, the cause of non-compliance with the requirements for the production
process and production control shall be investigated and corrected without delay.
7.2.1 Requirements for the production-control system — Compliance based on option A
The production-control system where compliance is based on option A (see 9.4.2) shall conform to Clause 9
and any additional requirements placed on the concrete in the project specification. In option A, production
shall be kept in a state of statistical control.
7.2.2 Requirements for the production-control system — Compliance based on option B
Where compliance is based on the concept of concrete families corresponding to option B (see 9.4.3), the
sampling and testing for production control of normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete of strength classes
from B8 to B50 or light-weight concrete from LB8 to LB50 shall be performed either on individual concrete
compositions or, preferably, on concrete families of established suitability, as determined by the producer.
Light-weight concrete and self-compacting concrete shall not be mixed into families containing normal-weight
concrete. Light-weight concretes with demonstrably similar aggregates may be grouped into their own family.
Where more than one concrete is produced, it is recommended that they are formed into families for the
purpose of production control, as this can significantly shorten the time between the occurrence of a change
and its detection.
NOTE 1 For guidance for the selection of concrete families, see Annex B.
In the case of concrete families, the producer shall assume control over all family members and sampling shall
be carried out across the whole range of concrete compositions produced within the family.
NOTE 2 For production control using a concrete family, a reference concrete is selected representing either the most
commonly produced composition or one from the mid-range of the concrete family. Relationships are established between
each individual concrete composition of the family and the reference concrete in order to be able to normalize test results for
compressive strength from each individual concrete test result to the reference concrete.
The relationships between family members shall be reviewed on the basis of original compressive strength
test data at every assessment period.
Where compliance is based on option B (see 9.4.3), the production-control system shall have the following
characteristics unless otherwise specified in the national annex:
⎯ system for predicting 28 day strength from earlier strength testing and the use of these data until the
actual 28 day strengths are determined;
⎯ continual monitoring of the achieved mean strength, standard deviation and the correlation between the
early strength and 28 day strength data;
⎯ target mean strength set at a level W (f + 2σ);
ck
⎯ assumed minimum standard deviation of 3,0 N/mm ;
⎯ initial estimate of the population standard deviation for a concrete or concrete family is based on at least
35 results taken over a period not exceeding 12 months;
⎯ system with a sensitivity capable of detecting real chang
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...