ISO 14649-111:2010

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 111: Tools for milling machines

ISO 14649-111:2010 specifies the data elements describing cutting tool data for milling machine tools and machining centres, which work together with the process data for milling machine tools and machining centres specified in ISO 14649-11. They can be used as criteria for selecting one of several operations; they do not describe complete information on a particular tool. Therefore, leaving out optional attributes gives the controller more freedom to select from a larger set of tools. ISO 14649-111:2010 also specifies the information to be provided in the tool set-up sheet: tool identifier; tool type; tool geometry; application-dependent expected tool life. The following data types are outside its scope: normative tool life; tool location in the tool changer; adaptive items also know as tool holders or tool clamping devices; tools for other technologies, such as turning, grinding and electrical discharge machining (EDM). ISO 14649-111:2010 uses the EXPRESS language as specified in ISO 10303-11.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs numériques informatisés — Partie 111: Outils pour fraiseuses

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Sep-2010
• ICS: 25.040.20 - Numerically controlled machines
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Current Stage: 9560 - Close of voting
• Start Date: 08-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 09-Jun-2021

Relations

• Revised: ISO 6983-1:1982 - Numerical control of machines — Program format and definition of address words — Part 1: Data format for positioning, line motion and contouring control systems
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-111
First edition
2010-09-15

Industrial automation systems
and integration — Physical device
control — Data model for computerized
numerical controllers —
Part 111:
Tools for milling machines
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 111: Outils pour fraiseuses




Reference number
ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010

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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Cutting tools for milling machine tools and machining centres .2
4.1 Header and references.2
4.2 Syntax of milling machine cutting tools .3
4.2.1 Milling machine cutting tools.3
4.2.2 Cutting component.3
4.2.3 Hand of cut type .4
4.3 Catalogue of milling machine cutting tools.4
4.3.1 Drilling cutting tool.4
4.3.2 NC spot drill (centredrill) .4
4.3.3 Counterbore .5
4.3.4 Countersink.5
4.3.5 Twist drill.5
4.3.6 Tapered drill .5
4.3.7 Spade drill .6
4.3.8 Step drill .6
4.3.9 Milling cutting tool.6
4.3.10 Facemill .7
4.3.11 Shouldermill.7
4.3.12 Endmill.7
4.3.13 Ballnose endmill .7
4.3.14 Bullnose endmill.8
4.3.15 Profiled endmill.8
4.3.16 T-slot mill.8
4.3.17 Dovetail mill .8
4.3.18 Side mill.9
4.3.19 Thread mill .9
4.3.20 Reaming cutting tool.9
4.3.21 Combined drill and reamer.10
4.3.22 Tapered reamer.10
4.3.23 Rotating boring cutting tool .10
4.3.24 Tapping cutting tool.11
4.3.25 Combined drill and tap.11
4.4 End of schema .11
Annex A (normative) EXPRESS listing .12
Annex B (informative) Tool body illustrations .16
Annex C (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.19
Bibliography.22

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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14649-111 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
⎯ Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
⎯ Part 10: General process data
⎯ Part 11: Process data for milling
⎯ Part 12: Process data for turning
⎯ Part 111: Tools for milling machines
⎯ Part 121: Tools for turning machines
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 13: Process data for wire-EDM
⎯ Part 14: Process data for sink-EDM
Machine tool data model for general manufacturing processes is to form the subject of a future Part 110.
Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 application
reference model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added
after Part 10.
ISO 14649 is harmonized with ISO 10303 in the common field of product data over the whole life cycle.
ISO 14649-1:2003, Figure 1, shows the different fields of standardization between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and
CNC manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.

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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment
from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information will be transferred
between the various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the
problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of
product data has been standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data
throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are
the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are
programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits
program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool centre path with
respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, ISO 6983
defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors
usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces
ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine
tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level
machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to
axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from
ISO 10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used
as the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object-oriented, information- and context-preserving approach for NC (numerical
control) programming that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular
movements. As it is object- and feature-oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the
workpiece, and not machine-dependent axis motions, it will be run on different machine tools or controllers.
This compatibility will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly
implemented on the NC controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, it is
necessary that the corresponding interpreters be able to process the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes”
manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical
user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent.
Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the
effectiveness of ISO 14649.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-111:2010(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 111:
Tools for milling machines
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the data elements describing cutting tool data for milling machine tools and
machining centres, which work together with the process data for milling machine tools and machining centres
specified in ISO 14649-11. They can be used as criteria for selecting one of several operations; they do not
describe complete information on a particular tool. Therefore, leaving out optional attributes gives the
controller more freedom to select from a larger set of tools.
NOTE 1 The numerical control (NC) is assumed to have access to complete description of specific tools in a database.
The milling_machine_tool_schema defined in this part of ISO 14649 serves as a basic tool schema, including the
information required by the CNC to select a tool from the machine tool's tool magazine.
NOTE 2 In ISO 6983, the tool is defined by its identifier (e.g. “T8”). No further information concerning the tool type or
geometry is given. This information is part of the tool set-up sheet, which is supplied with the NC program to the machine.
The tool set-up sheet gives the relationship between the tool location (e.g. “slot 8 of the tool magazine”) and the type of
tool (e.g. “drill 4 mm”).
This part of ISO 14649 also specifies the information to be provided in the tool set-up sheet:
⎯ tool identifier;
⎯ tool type;
⎯ tool geometry;
⎯ application-dependent expected tool life.
The milling_machine_tool_schema does not include information which is part of the tool database. The tool
database is related to the machine tool and the tool itself, but is independent of the NC program. The following
data types are outside the scope of this part of ISO 14649:
⎯ normative tool life;
⎯ tool location in the tool changer;
⎯ adaptive items also know as tool holders or tool clamping devices;
1)
⎯ tools for other technologies, such as turning, grinding and electrical discharge machining (EDM) .

1) These technologies are described in other parts of ISO 14649.
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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
NOTE 3 It is important to understand that all length measure types used in this part of ISO 14649 are not toleranced
length measure types because they are used to describe the tools required for the manufacturing of a workpiece, not the
actual dimensions of the tools available at the machine. A real tool will be selected by the tool management based on the
actual tool dimensions and the tolerances of features.
This part of ISO 14649 uses the EXPRESS language as specified in ISO 10303-11.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3002-1, Basic quantities in cutting and grinding — Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools —
General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers
ISO 10303-41, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange —
Part 41: Integrated generic resource: Fundamentals of product description and support
ISO 10303-42, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange —
Part 42: Integrated generic resource: Geometric and topological representation
ISO 14649-10, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for
computerized numerical controllers — Part 10: General process data
ISO 14649-11, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for
computerized numerical controllers — Part 11: Process data for milling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14649-10, ISO 14649-11 and the
following apply.
3.1
overall assembly length
protruding length
dimension from the gauge plane to the frontmost point of the cutting tool, measured along the cutting tool axis
3.2
tool offset length
distance from the gauge plane to the specified point determined by the main function of the cutting component
4 Cutting tools for milling machine tools and machining centres
4.1 Header and references
The following listing gives the header and the list of entities referenced within this schema.
SCHEMA milling_machine_tool_schema;
(* Version 14.1 of April 30, 2004
  Author: ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 *)

REFERENCE FROM measure_schema (*ISO10303-41e2*)
  (plane_angle_measure,
   length_measure);
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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
REFERENCE FROM geometry_schema (*ISO10303-42e3*)
  (direction);

REFERENCE FROM machining_schema (*ISO14649-10*)
  (machining_tool,
   technology);

4.2 Syntax of milling machine cutting tools
4.2.1 Milling machine cutting tools
Entity describing the technology specific information needed for description of a cutting tool for milling
machine tools (e.g. milling cutter, reamer, drill, tap, rotating boring tools): it is a subtype of entity
machining_tool, as defined in ISO 14649-10.
ENTITY milling_machine_cutting_tool
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF ( ONEOF(milling_cutting_tool, drilling_cutting_tool,
tapping_cutting_tool, rotating_boring_cutting_tool, reaming_cutting_tool))
SUBTYPE OF (machining_tool);
its_cutting_edges: SET [1:?] OF cutting_component;
overall_assembly_length: length_measure;
effective_cutting_diameter: length_measure;
maximum_depth_of_cut: length_measure;
hand_of_cut: OPTIONAL hand_of_cut_type;
coolant_through_tool: OPTIONAL BOOLEAN;
END_ENTITY;

its_cutting_edges: information describing the cutting edge(s) of the cutting tool.
overall_assembly_length:
entire length of the assembled tooling measured from the
gauge plane to the tool's end along the tooling axis; used for
tool collision check.
effective_cutting_diameter: largest or greatest cutting outer diameter of the cutting tool.
maximum_depth_of_cut:
length of the maximum penetration of the tool capable of
removing chips in one cut.
hand_of_cut:
direction of cutter rotation as defined by type hand of cut.
coolant_through_tool: Boolean value which indicates whether the tool body has
through-the-tool coolant capabilities or not; the default value
is False.
4.2.2 Cutting component
Entity describing the name of the material composing the cutting edge of a solid tool or the insert and its
technological data.
ENTITY cutting_component;
tool_functional_length: length_measure;
its_material: OPTIONAL material;
expected_tool_life: OPTIONAL time_measure;
its_technology: OPTIONAL technology;
END_ENTITY;

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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
tool_functional_length: measured maximum distance from the gauge plane to the
cutting tip of the cutting component.
its_material: identification of the material composing the cutting edge of a
solid tool or the insert.
EXAMPLE The attribute material_identifier of the entity
material can be high speed steel (HSS), carbide or polycrystalline
diamond (PCD).
expected_tool_life:
expected number of hours that a given cutting tool can be
used before tool wear significantly impacts the performance
parameters. This value will also be dependent on a number of
external factors, including workpiece material, desired part
tolerances, and selected cutting parameters.
its_technology: defines the technological parameters to be used for
machining (e.g. the spindle speed and feed of the tool which
guarantee expected_tool_life).
4.2.3 Hand of cut type
Direction of cutter rotation (also called cutting direction). For rotating tools, the hand of cut may be determined
by observing the drive end of the tool body when mounted so as to make a cut, as defined in ISO 3002-1:1982,
8.2. If the rotary motion of the tool body is clockwise, the hand of cut, is right-hand; if the rotary motion of the
tool body is anticlockwise (counterclockwise), the hand of cut is left-hand.
TYPE hand_of_cut_type = ENUMERATION OF(left, neutral, right);
END_TYPE;

4.3 Catalogue of milling machine cutting tools
4.3.1 Drilling cutting tool
Entity describing a tool used for drilling. During machining, the tool is moved in the direction of its axis.
ENTITY drilling_cutting_tool
SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(counterbore, countersink, spade_drill, spotdrill,
step_drill, twist_drill))
SUBTYPE OF (milling_machine_cutting_tool);
point_angle: plane_angle_measure;
END_ENTITY;

point_angle:
angle defining the tip angle; it is measured between the
cutting edge and the same cutting edge rotated by 180° about
its tool axis.
4.3.2 NC spot drill (centredrill)
Entity describing the tool body of the spot drill, a drill used to preset a centre of a hole prior to drilling
operations.
ENTITY spotdrill
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
END_ENTITY;
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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
4.3.3 Counterbore
Entity describing the tool body of the counterbore, a tool capable of enlarging the diameter of a previously
formed hole.
ENTITY counterbore
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
END_ENTITY;

4.3.4 Countersink
Entity describing the tool body of the countersink, a tool used for cutting a tapered enlargement at the opening
of a hole.
ENTITY countersink
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
effective_cutting_diameter: OPTIONAL length_measure;
maximum_usable_length: length_measure;
END_ENTITY;

effective_cutting_diameter:
minimum cutting diameter of the sinking region. If not given,
zero is assumed.
maximum_usable_length:
maximum length of a cutting tool that can be used in a
particular cutting operation without interference between the
workpiece and the cutting tool. The length is measured in
parallel to the tool's axis.
4.3.5 Twist drill
Entity describing the tool body of the twist drill, a drill having two or more cutting edges and two or more flutes
for the passage of chips.
ENTITY twist_drill
SUPERTYPE OF (tapered_drill)
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
END_ENTITY;

4.3.6 Tapered drill
Entity describing the tool body of the tapered drill.
ENTITY tapered_drill
SUBTYPE OF (twist_drill);
taper_angle: plane_angle_measure;
END_ENTITY;

taper_angle:
angle formed between the opposite cutting edges.





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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
4.3.7 Spade drill
Entity describing the tool body of the spade drill, a tool capable of producing large, deep holes with a variety of
bottom profiles. A spade drill typically consists of a replaceable blade or insert clamped in a holder on the drill
shank.
ENTITY spade_drill
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
END_ENTITY;

4.3.8 Step drill
Entity describing the tool body of the step drill, a type of drill with more than one cutting diameter. The
diameter of the steps increases from the tip of the tool to the gauge plane.
ENTITY step_drill
SUBTYPE OF (drilling_cutting_tool);
diameters: LIST [1:?] of length_measure;
step_length: LIST [1:?] of length_measure;
END_ENTITY;

diameters: list of outer diameters of the drill.
step length:
length of the individual step. The sequence of the list is equal
to the sequence of the steps in the list of diameters.
4.3.9 Milling cutting tool
This is the abstract base class for milling cutters. A milling cutter is a rotary cutting tool, usually with straight or
helical flutes, capable of producing a variety of forms, contours or profiles such as slots, pockets and
peripheral surfaces.
ENTITY milling_cutting_tool
ABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(dovetail_mill, endmill, facemill, shouldermill,
side_mill, t_slot_mill, thread_mill))
SUBTYPE OF (milling_machine_cutting_tool);
number_of_effective_teeth: OPTIONAL INTEGER;
edge_radius: OPTIONAL length_measure;
END_ENTITY;

number_of_effective_teeth:
number of effective teeth possessed by the tool
(see ISO 3002-1).
edge_radius:
edge radius, r, of the tool. If not specified, zero is assumed.
NOTE As there are also customized shapes edges (chamfer, etc.) not used by the CNC, the attribute edge_radius is
optional.





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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
4.3.10 Facemill
Entity describing the tool body of the facemill, a milling cutter used for machining large surfaces perpendicular
to the tool axis.
ENTITY facemill
SUBTYPE OF (milling_cutting_tool);
tool_cutting_edge_angle: plane_angle_measure;
END_ENTITY;

tool_cutting_edge_angle: angle of the tool at its circumference, identical to the
half_tapeangle in the cases of tapered_drill, tapered_endmill,
tapered_tap and tapered_reamer. If both attributes are given,
this attribute will be ignored.
4.3.11 Shouldermill
Entity describing the tool body of the shouldermill, a tool used to produce large surfaces perpendicular to the
tool axis and, simultaneously, a surface rectangular to the main surface.
ENTITY shouldermill
SUBTYPE OF (milling_cutting_tool);
END_ENTITY;
4.3.12 Endmill
Entity describing the tool body of the endmill, a cylindrical milling cutter capable of cutting on the end and/or
periphery.
ENTITY endmill
SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(ballnose_endmill, bullnose_endmill, profiled_end_mill))
SUBTYPE OF (milling_cutting_tool);
tool_cutting_edge_angle: plane_angle_measure;
END_ENTITY;
tool_cutting_edge_angle: angle of the tool at its circumference, identical to the
half_tapeangle in the cases of tapered_drill, tapered_endmill,
tapered_tap and tapered_reamer. If both attributes are given,
this attribute will be ignored.
4.3.13 Ballnose endmill
Entity describing the tool body of the ballnose endmill, which consists of a full radius portion on the front-end
of the cutting face.
ENTITY ballnose_endmill
SUBTYPE OF (endmill);
WHERE
WR1: NOT EXISTS(SELF.edge_radius)
   OR (EXISTS(SELF.edge_radius) AND
     EXISTS(SELF.effective_cutting_diameter) AND
     (SELF.edge_radius = SELF.effective_cutting_diameter/2));
END_ENTITY;
WR1: tip of a ballnose endmill, a sphere whose radius is equal to half
the tool's diameter.
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ISO 14649-111:2010(E)
4.3.14 Bullnose endmill
Entity describing a radiused endmill; the bullnose endmill
...