Fire resistance tests -- Elements of building construction -- Requirements for active fire curtains

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ISO/DIS 21524 - Fire resistance tests -- Elements of building construction -- Requirements for active fire curtains
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21524
ISO/TC 92/SC 2 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-12-06 2020-02-28
Fire resistance tests — Elements of building construction
— Requirements for active fire curtains
ICS: 13.220.50
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21524:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 21524:2019(E)
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© ISO 2019

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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
Contents

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Role and use of active fire curtains ............................................................................................................... 6

Application of active fire curtains ................................................................................................................. 6

Deployment of active fire curtains ................................................................................................................ 7

Heat transfer through active fire curtains ................................................................................................. 7

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................ 2

3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................... 2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .................................................................................................... 6

5 Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 7

General ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Side retention ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Additional requirements for multiple active fire curtains ..................................................... 8

Horizontal or angled ............................................................................................................................ 10

Pass door(s) ............................................................................................................................................ 12

Vision panels ........................................................................................................................................... 13

6 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................... 14

Test samples, testing and compliance criteria ......................................................................... 14

7 Test methods ....................................................................................................................................... 15

General ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

Durability and force gauge ................................................................................................................ 16

Reliability and durability ................................................................................................................... 16

Deployment ............................................................................................................................................. 17

Smoke leakage........................................................................................................................................ 18

Fire resistance ........................................................................................................................................ 18

Reaction to fire ....................................................................................................................................... 20

Ancillary devices ................................................................................................................................... 20

8 Marking, labelling and packaging ............................................................................................... 21

Annex A ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

Annex B ............................................................................................................................................................ 27

Annex C ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Annex D ............................................................................................................................................................ 45

Annex E ............................................................................................................................................................. 47

Annex F ............................................................................................................................................................. 50

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)

Annex G ............................................................................................................................................................ 56

Annex H ............................................................................................................................................................ 60

Annex I .............................................................................................................................................................. 63

Annex J .............................................................................................................................................................. 67

Annex K ............................................................................................................................................................ 70

Annex L ............................................................................................................................................................. 73

Annex M ............................................................................................................................................................ 88

Annex N ............................................................................................................................................................ 92

Annex O ............................................................................................................................................................ 95

Annex P ............................................................................................................................................................. 98

Annex Q ............................................................................................................................................................ 99

Annex R ......................................................................................................................................................... 108

Annex S .......................................................................................................................................................... 109

Annex T ......................................................................................................................................................... 111

Annex U ......................................................................................................................................................... 112

Annex V ......................................................................................................................................................... 114

Annex W ........................................................................................................................................................ 116

Annex X .......................................................................................................................................................... 118

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 119

iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is

normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a

subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented

on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in

liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International

Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance

are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria

needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted

in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the

subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be

in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
https://www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and

does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

https://www.iso.org/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee

SC 2, Fire containment.
A list of all parts in the ISO 834 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards

body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
Introduction
Role and use of active fire curtains

As fire-separating elements, active fire curtains are required to provide two main functions:

a) to maintain any compartmentation of buildings needed to limit the spread of fire and

smoke;

b) to allow access to protected escape routes, both vertical and horizontal, without any loss

of fire resistance, and to limit smoke entry into these routes, i.e. protected corridors and

protected shafts.

They can also be partially deployed to control the deployment of fire effluent within buildings

in the event of fire, prior to being fully deployed as active fire curtains.

Recommended positions and ratings for fire-separating elements for means of escape purposes

are given in National Codes providing either prescriptive or risk-based approaches using the

principles of fire safety engineering.

When used as part of a fire-engineered design solution, active fire curtains can become a critical

element of design. If active fire curtains do not deploy to their operational position, the fire-

engineered design solution would be compromised. However, in the event that other fire

protection systems or elements do not function, e.g. due to total power failure, active fire

curtains in their fire-operational position provide fire separation.
Application of active fire curtains

Active fire curtains used in life safety and property protection applications can be vertical,

horizontal or angled. Depending upon the application, they could be used to replace fire doors,

roller shutters, non-loadbearing walls, non-load-bearing ceilings, glazed elements, etc. They

could also be used to form fire separation, e.g. forming protected routes or lobbies. They can

provide some of the functionality of a fire door, but when used only for fire and smoke leakage,

as a fire door, then different requirements apply. These requirements will be given in

ISO 3008-1 and ISO 5925-1 and ISO/TR 5925-2. Active fire curtains can enable greater widths

and deployments using less space than other traditional methods.

It is essential that any proposed use of active fire curtains are assessed in the context of the

building use and perceived occupancy to ensure that it is ultimately suitable and fit for purpose,

taking into consideration such factors as:
a) fire resistance;
b) reaction to fire;
c) smoke leakage;
d) occupancy type and risk profile;
e) occupancy load;
f) means of escape for egress;
g) ingress for fire and rescue service;
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
h) life safety and property protection objectives.
Deployment of active fire curtains
Some examples of how active fire curtains could be deployed are:
a) deploy fully upon receipt of a signal from the fire alarm system;

b) remain retracted when the fire alarm system is activated and only deploy upon receipt

of a signal from a local smoke/heat detector. In these circumstances, only the active fire

curtains to deploy are those where fire or smoke are in the vicinity;

c) remain retracted when the fire alarm system is activated for a predetermined time to

allow for evacuation before deploying fully;

d) for vertical installations move to a given height above finished floor level when the fire

alarm system is activated to contain smoke for a predetermined time before closing fully

for fire separation;

e) for vertical installations move to a given height above finished floor level when a specific

fire alarm system signal is provided to contain smoke when the fire location is such that

active fire curtains are not required to deploy fully;
f) deploy on loss of primary and auxiliary power supply.
Heat transfer through active fire curtains

In fire safety situations, it is often important to establish the heat transfer from one side of the

separating element to the other in order to calculate escape route sizes and safe operating

distances. Traditionally this has been established using insulation and radiation

measurements.

NOTE National Codes only apply to life safety. Higher performance levels might be necessary

for certain applications if property protection is required.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved vii
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21524:2019(E)
Fire resistance tests — Elements of building construction
— Requirements for active fire curtains
1 Scope

This part of ISO 21524-1 specifies requirements for the design, testing and classification of

active fire curtains applicable to any material that are designed to provide fire and smoke

resistance.

This part gives recommendations for the application, installation and maintenance of active

fire curtains. It is also intended to provide guidance and recommendations for designers,

specifiers (e.g. architects, fire engineers), Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs), installers and

maintainers for the following:
a) creating compartmentation;
b) creating protected routes for the purpose of means of escape;

c) providing protection at the location of non-fire resisting elements, e.g. in front of non-

fire-resisting glazing and doorsets, where required for compartmentation or protecting

means of escape;

d) providing fire- and smoke-resistant active fire curtains in conjunction with non-smoke

rated products protecting openings to reduce leakage of smoke.

This Standard does not apply to the following which are intended for a different use:

— barriers made of part of the building’s structure;
— theatre/proscenium textile curtains;
— smoke barriers to ISO 21927-1;
— doorsets or operable fabric curtains according to ISO 3008-1.

NOTE 1 Smoke barriers, used solely for smoke control, are covered by ISO 21927-1. Such smoke

barriers are not considered to be active fire curtains.

NOTE 2 Requirement of fire doors is given in ISO 3008-1. Requirements for leakage are given in

ISO 5925-1 and ISO/TR 5925-2.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.

For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition

of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 834-1, Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction — Part 1: General

requirements for fire resistance testing

ISO 3008-1, Fire resistance tests -- Door and shutter assemblies — Part 1: General requirements

ISO 3009, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Glazed elements

ISO 5925-1, Fire tests – Smoke-control door and shutter assemblies — Part 1: Ambient- and

medium- temperature leakage tests

ISO/TR 5925-2, Fire tests -- Smoke-control door and shutter assemblies — Part 2: Commentary

on test method and the applicability of test conditions and the use of test data in a smoke

containment strategy

ISO 21927-1, Smoke and heat control systems — Part 1: Specification for smoke barriers

ISO 21927-9, Smoke and heat control systems — Part 9: Specification for control equipment

ISO 21927-10, Smoke and heat control systems — Part 10: Specification for power output devices

ISO 1182, Reaction to fire tests for products — Non-combustibility test

ISO 1716, Reaction to fire tests for products — Determination of the gross heat of combustion

(calorific value)

ISO 11295-2, Reaction to fire tests — Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of

flame — Part 2: Single-flame source test
ISO 13943, Fire Tests — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 834-1 and

ISO 13943 the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the
following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
3.1
active fire curtains

manufactured from flexible materials, not hinged or pivoted, provided for the passage of

persons, air and objects, which, together with its frame as installed in a building, is intended

(when closed) to resist the passage of fire
3.2
active fire curtains with smoke rating

manufactured from flexible materials, not hinged or pivoted, provided for the passage of

persons, air or objects, which together with its frame as installed in a building is intended

(when closed) to resist the passage of fire and gaseous products of combustion
3.3
compartmentation

process of separating a building or part of a building, into one or more rooms, spaces or storeys,

with the intention of preventing the spread of fire to or from another part of the same building

or adjoining building

Note 1 to entry: Compartmentation is mainly implemented to assist the 'fire and rescue services by

confining the fire within a fire-resisting enclosure. In some instances, it is employed to assist means of

escape in buildings where evacuation might be delayed, e.g. where phased evacuation policy has been

applied in premises such as hospitals and care homes or where a policy of non-evacuation (e.g. “defend in

place” or “stay put strategy”) is employed as in blocks of flats.

Note 2 to entry: Fire enclosures specifically for the purpose of means of escape, such as lobby protection

to stairways and enclosure of special risks, are not regarded as compartments and may employ passive

smoke separation measures.
3.4
competent person

suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with the

necessary instructions, to enable the required task(s) to be carried out correctly

3.5
deployment

movement of an active fire curtains from its retracted position to its fire-operational position

3.6
dwelling

unit of residential accommodation occupied (whether or not as a sole or main residence):

a) by a single person or by people living together as a family; or

b) by not more than six residents living together as a single household, including a

household where care is provided for residents
3.7
emergency access

manually operated switch to enable fire and rescue services to initiate or terminate the

operation of a fire safety system or other device
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
3.8
fire effluent

all gases and aerosols, including suspended particles, created by combustion or pyrolysis and

emitted to the environment

[SOURCE: ISO 26367-1:2011, 3.4, modified — “and emitted to the environment” has been

added.]
3.9
fire-operational position

final configuration of an active fire curtains specified by its designer to achieve and be

sustained in the ultimate fire condition of the design
3.10
fire separation

method of providing an element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between

two adjacent areas of a building in the event of a fire to form protected routes and/or

compartmentation
3.11
fire strategy

safety design for a particular building determined by prescriptive codes, fire safety engineering

or fire risk assessment
3.12
fit for purpose

ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions

3.13
gravity fail-safe

ability of an active fire curtains to move to its fire-operational position in a safe and controlled

manner to facilitate fire separation when all consumable primary and auxiliary power supplies

are removed, in the event of wiring or system corruption, open or short circuit, or any

combination thereof
3.14
integrity

ability of a separating element, when exposed to fire on one side, to prevent the passage of

flames and hot gases or the occurrence of flames on the unexposed side for a stated period of

time in a standard fire resistance test
[SOURCE: ISO 13943, 3.133]
3.15
hold-open device

element of the hold-open system that allows a gravity fail-safe active fire curtains to remain

open either at a pre-set or chosen position until released
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
3.16
life safety

application of the active fire curtains in its fire-operational position assisting in the protection

of the means of escape and access for the fire and rescue service
3.17
material or surface
material or surface that is either:
a) non-combustible test to ISO 1182; or
b) of limited combustibility test to ISO 1716;
c) requires a room corner test for wall and ceiling linings to ISO 9705-2;

d) requires an ignitability of products test when subjected to direct impingement of flame

to ISO 11925-2.
3.18
means of escape

means whereby a safe route (or routes) in the event of fire is (or are) provided for persons to

travel from any point in a building to a place of ultimate safety
3.19
multi-positional deployment

staged deployment of active fire curtains to provide initial smoke separation prior to full fire

separation
3.20
property protection

application of the active fire curtains in its fire-operational condition to protect a building’s

contents and structure
3.21
reaction to fire

response of a test specimen when it is exposed to fire under specified conditions in a fire test

Note 1 to entry: Fire resistance is regarded as a special case and is not normally

considered as a “reaction to fire” property.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943, 3.324]
3.22
side retention

retention device which links the active fire curtains fabric to the building structure to contain

fire and smoke
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
3.23
smoke
visible part of a fire effluent
[SOURCE: ISO 13943, 3.347]
3.24
smoke barrier
device to channel, control and/or prevent the migration of smoke

Note 1 to entry: Smoke is as the visible part of fire effluent. Smoke barriers can also be referred to as

smoke curtains, smoke blinds or smoke screens. These are specified in ISO 21927-1.

3.25
temperature-time curve

time-related variation of temperature prescribed in a specified way during a

standard fire resistance test
[SOURCE: ISO 13943, 3.381]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol Unit Description
H metre height of the fire tested active fire
curtains (m)
H metre proposed height (m)
O metre width of the tested overlap (m)
O metre required minimum width of the
overlap (m)
W metre width of the tested end curtain (m)
W metre required minimum width of the end
curtain (m)
A metre squared tested exposed fabric area (m )
A metre squared required exposed fabric area (m )
H metre tested height of the exposed fabric (m)
H metre required height of the exposed fabric
(m)
L metre cubed per hour leakage through the complete active
fire curtains (m /h)
L metre per hour cubed leakage through the fabric only (m /h)
L metre cubed, metre squared per leakage per square metre of fabric
3 2
hour (m /m /h)
L metre per hour cubed leakage through the fabric and the
horizontal edge (m /h)
L metre per hour cubed leakage through the perimeter gap at
the horizontal edge (m /h)
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 21524-1:2019(E)
Symbol Unit Description
L metre cubed per metre per hour leakage per metre through the
phb
perimeter gap at the horizontal edge
(m /m/h)
L metre per hour cubed leakage through the perimeter gap at
the two vertical edges (m /h)
L metre cubed per metre per hour leakage per metre through the
pvb
perimeter gaps at the vertical edges
(m /m/h)
L metre cubed per metre per hour effective linear perimeter leakage
(m /m/h)
W metre tested width of the exposed fabric (m)
5 Requirements
General

The active fire curtains shall be designed and manufactured to create a fire-separating element

in a horizontal, vertical or angled orientation.
NOTE Typical uses of the active fire curtains include:
a) compartmentation;

b) creating protected routes for the purpose of means of escape where using standard fire

doors/shutters and non-loadbearing walls and ceilings would be prohibitive to the

design;
c) providing protection at the location of non-fire resisting
...

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