ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023
(Main)Information technology — Cross-jurisdictional and societal aspects of implementation of biometric technologies — Biometrics and elderly people
Information technology — Cross-jurisdictional and societal aspects of implementation of biometric technologies — Biometrics and elderly people
This document builds upon the information provided in ISO/IEC TR 24714-1, ISO/IEC TR 29194 and ISO/IEC 29138-1 in order to highlight in a more detailed way the medical, physical and cognitive aspects that are specific for the use of biometrics by elderly persons.
Technologies de l'information — Aspects sociétaux et transjuridictionnels de la mise en œuvre des technologies biométriques — Biométrie et personnes âgées
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TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 20322
First edition
2023-03
Information technology — Cross-
jurisdictional and societal aspects
of implementation of biometric
technologies — Biometrics and elderly
people
Technologies de l'information — Aspects sociétaux et
transjuridictionnels de la mise en œuvre des technologies
biométriques — Biométrie et personnes âgées
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
© ISO/IEC 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Fundamental concepts . 1
6 Elderly people in terms of age . 2
7 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people . 2
7.1 General considerations. 2
7.2 Fingerprint recognition . 2
7.2.1 Typical characteristics of an elderly person which can have consequences
on fingerprint recognition: skin conditions . 2
7.2.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition . 3
7.2.3 Data concerning the use of fingerprint recognition by elderly people . 4
7.3 Face recognition . 4
7.3.1 Typical characteristics of elderly people which can have consequences on
face recognition . 4
7.3.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition: neuromuscular problems . 4
7.3.3 Data concerning the use of face recognition by elderly people . 4
7.4 Iris recognition . 5
7.4.1 Typical characteristics or pathologies of an elderly person which can have
consequences on iris recognition . 5
7.4.2 Data concerning the use of iris recognition by elderly people . 6
8 Critical points which affect multiple modalities . 6
9 Practical issues involved in the implementation of biometric systems used by
elderly people .6
9.1 Cognitive challenges . 6
9.2 Acceptance of biometrics in the elderly people population . 7
10 Conclusions . 7
Bibliography . 8
iii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
iv
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Introduction
This document provides support for the further development of ISO/IEC International Standards on
biometrics in the context of cross-jurisdictional and societal applications of biometrics, in relation to
usage with elderly persons.
The contents of this document are descriptive and do not provide recommended practices and
guidelines.
Examples of the benefits to be gained using this document are:
— operational support in using biometrics applied to the context of elderly people;
— enhanced acceptance by subjects of systems (elderly people and relatives) using biometric
technology;
— improved public perception and understanding of these systems;
— smoother introduction and operation of these systems.
The primary stakeholders are identified as:
— users – those who use the results of the biometric data;
— developers - those who develop technical standards;
— subjects – those who provide the biometric sample;
— writers of system specifications, system architects and IT designers;
— public policy makers - those who make policies affecting the use of biometrics.
v
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Information technology — Cross-jurisdictional and societal
aspects of implementation of biometric technologies —
Biometrics and elderly people
1 Scope
This document builds upon the information provided in ISO/IEC TR 24714-1, ISO/IEC TR 29194 and
ISO/IEC 29138-1 in order to highlight in a more detailed way the medical, physical and cognitive aspects
that are specific for the use of biometrics by elderly persons.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 2382-37, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 37: Biometrics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 2382-37 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
elderly person
every human being over the age of 65 years
Note 1 to entry: For an explanation of why 65 years has been chosen as the age defining an elderly person, see
Clause 6.
4 Abbreviated terms
DG Directorates-General of the European Commission
EU European Union
JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
UN United Nations
5 Fundamental concepts
ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015, Clause 2 states:
“There is a basic principle of designing biometric systems in a way that they can be used effectively and
with minimum discomfort by the whole target population. There is also the need of reaching a common
1
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
understanding of the target population and an agreement of what is reasonably possible. This brings the
requirement of designing biometric systems following the best possible guidance to create systems that are
accessible”.
ISO/IEC 29138-1:2018, Clause 1 states:
“This document identifies a collection of user accessibility needs that diverse users have of ICT systems to
make these systems accessible to them. Each user accessibility need might be required of a system by an
individual. Different users can have different sets of user accessibility needs in different contexts”.
The issues raised in these two documents are particularly evident in the biometric context because age-
related psychophysical complications often combine with a degradation of the biometric characteristics
of the individuals.
The consequences are that elderly people often experience serious difficulties in using a biometric
system.
6 Elderly people in terms of age
Although it cannot be considered as a general rule, and the UN-agreed age for referring to the elderly
population is 60+ years, many countries have accepted the chronological age of 65 years as a definition
of an 'elderly' or older person.
This document follows the latter convention and uses the definition provided in 3.1 when referring to
"elderly people".
7 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people
7.1 General considerations
The following subclauses provide a brief description of some typical characteristics of elderly people
that can have a potential consequence on specific biometric technologies. They also consider certain
pathologies which are frequently experienced by elderly people.
NOTE Although the focus of this document is on elderly people, some pathologies can also occur at an earlier
age.
The biometric technologies analyzed in this document are those which are most prevalent in their
use. If the use of a further biometric technology becomes particularly widespread in the future, such
technology will be considered in subsequent revisions of this document.
7.2 Fingerprint recognition
7.2.1 Typical characteristics of an elderly person which can have consequences on fingerprint
recognition: skin conditions
In elderly people, water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, can make
[1]
skin dry (xerosis). This can result in an inconsistent contact of the finger ridges with the scanner's
[2]
platen surface, which can cause broken ridges and several white pixels replacing ridge structure.
Furthermore, the differentiation between ridges and valleys reduces as ridges wear out with age. As a
result, for a contact scanner, it can become difficult to capture a good quality fingerprint.
NOTE With the implementation of contactless fingerprint scanning technologies, this issue is lessened, and
could potentially be eliminated in the future.
2
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Consequently, it can be pertinent to evaluate whether fingerprint recognition is the appropriate
biometric to use for elderly people (particularly those aged over 70) in certain situations.
EXAMPLE The US VISIT Entry/Exit systems exempts persons over the age of 79 from releasing fingerprints
during the phase of verifying the credential to access to the USA at an entry point.
If contact fingerprint sensor technology is used, some scanner manufacturers provide elderly people
with appropriate moisturizing solutions to be applied prior to fingerprint capture.
An advantage of using sub-dermal or touchless fingerprint sensors is that they are less affected by
changes to the surface of the skin.
7.2.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have consequences on
fingerprint recognition
7.2.2.1 Arthritis and arthrosis
An elderly person's ability to use a fingerprint device can be severely limited by arthritis, arthrosis or a
loss of motor performance. Consequently, the quality of images captured by fingerprint sensors can be
affected in the population of elderly people.
NOTE It is not advisable to treat unintentional poor fingerprint presentations due to age-degraded motor
functions as a presentation attack to the fingerprint system.
A solution for overcoming such issues is to re-capture the fingerprint until image quality is sufficient
for system processing or, again, use touchless fingerprint sensors.
7.2.2.2 Neuromuscular diseases
Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and affections that impair
the functioning of the muscles, either directly (pathologies of the muscles), or indirectly (patholog
...
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 20322
First edition
Information technology — Cross-
jurisdictional and societal aspects
of implementation of biometric
technologies — Biometrics and elderly
people
Technologies de l'information — Aspects sociétaux et
transjuridictionnels de la mise en œuvre des technologies
biométriques — Biométrie et personnes âgées
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
© ISO/IEC 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Fundamental concepts . 1
6 Elderly people in terms of age . 2
7 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people . 2
7.1 General considerations. 2
7.2 Fingerprint recognition . 2
7.2.1 Typical characteristics of an elderly person which can have consequences
on fingerprint recognition: skin conditions . 2
7.2.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition . 3
7.2.3 Data concerning the use of fingerprint recognition by elderly people . 4
7.3 Face recognition . 4
7.3.1 Typical characteristics of elderly people which can have consequences on
face recognition . 4
7.3.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition: neuromuscular problems . 4
7.3.3 Data concerning the use of face recognition by elderly people . 4
7.4 Iris recognition . 5
7.4.1 Typical characteristics or pathologies of an elderly person which can have
consequences on iris recognition . 5
7.4.2 Data concerning the use of iris recognition by elderly people . 6
8 Critical points which affect multiple modalities . 6
9 Practical issues involved in the implementation of biometric systems used by
elderly people .6
9.1 Cognitive challenges . 6
9.2 Acceptance of biometrics in the elderly people population . 7
10 Conclusions . 7
Bibliography . 8
iii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Introduction
This document provides support for the further development of ISO/IEC International Standards on
biometrics in the context of cross-jurisdictional and societal applications of biometrics, in relation to
usage with elderly persons.
The contents of this document are descriptive and do not provide recommended practices and
guidelines.
Examples of the benefits to be gained using this document are:
— operational support in using biometrics applied to the context of elderly people;
— enhanced acceptance by subjects of systems (elderly people and relatives) using biometric
technology;
— improved public perception and understanding of these systems;
— smoother introduction and operation of these systems.
The primary stakeholders are identified as:
— users – those who use the results of the biometric data;
— developers - those who develop technical standards;
— subjects – those who provide the biometric sample;
— writers of system specifications, system architects and IT designers;
— public policy makers - those who make policies affecting the use of biometrics.
v
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Information technology — Cross-jurisdictional and societal
aspects of implementation of biometric technologies —
Biometrics and elderly people
1 Scope
This document builds upon the information provided in ISO/IEC TR 24714-1, ISO/IEC TR 29194 and
ISO/IEC TR 29138-1 in order to highlight in a more detailed way the medical, physical and cognitive
aspects that are specific for the use of biometrics by elderly persons.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 2382-37, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 37: Biometrics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 2382-37 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
elderly person
every human being over the age of 65 years
Note 1 to entry: For an explanation of why 65 years has been chosen as the age defining an elderly person, see
Clause 6.
4 Abbreviated terms
DG Directorates-General of the European Commission
EU European Union
JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
UN United Nations
5 Fundamental concepts
ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015, Clause 2 states:
“There is a basic principle of designing biometric systems in a way that they can be used effectively and
with minimum discomfort by the whole target population. There is also the need of reaching a common
1
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
understanding of the target population and an agreement of what is reasonably possible. This brings the
requirement of designing biometric systems following the best possible guidance to create systems that are
accessible”.
ISO/IEC TR 29138-1:2018, Clause 1 states:
“This document identifies a collection of user accessibility needs that diverse users have of ICT systems to
make these systems accessible to them. Each user accessibility need might be required of a system by an
individual. Different users can have different sets of user accessibility needs in different contexts”.
The issues raised in these two documents are particularly evident in the biometric context because age-
related psychophysical complications often combine with a degradation of the biometric characteristics
of the individuals.
The consequences are that elderly people often experience serious difficulties in using a biometric
system.
6 Elderly people in terms of age
Although it cannot be considered as a general rule, and the UN-agreed age for referring to the elderly
population is 60+ years, many countries have accepted the chronological age of 65 years as a definition
of an 'elderly' or older person.
This document follows the latter convention and uses the definition provided in 3.1 when referring to
"elderly people".
7 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people
7.1 General considerations
The following subclauses provide a brief description of some typical characteristics of elderly people
that can have a potential consequence on specific biometric technologies. They also consider certain
pathologies which are frequently experienced by elderly people.
NOTE Although the focus of this document is on elderly people, some pathologies can also occur at an earlier
age.
The biometric technologies analyzed in this document are those which are most prevalent in their
use. If the use of a further biometric technology becomes particularly widespread in the future, such
technology will be considered in subsequent revisions of this document.
7.2 Fingerprint recognition
7.2.1 Typical characteristics of an elderly person which can have consequences on fingerprint
recognition: skin conditions
In elderly people, water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, can make
[1]
skin dry (xerosis). This can result in an inconsistent contact of the finger ridges with the scanner's
[2]
platen surface, which can cause broken ridges and several white pixels replacing ridge structure.
Furthermore, the differentiation between ridges and valleys reduces as ridges wear out with age. As a
result, for a contact scanner, it can become difficult to capture a good quality fingerprint.
NOTE With the implementation of contactless fingerprint scanning technologies, this issue is lessened, and
could potentially be eliminated in the future.
2
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Consequently, it can be pertinent to evaluate whether fingerprint recognition is the appropriate
biometric to use for elderly people (particularly those aged over 70) in certain situations.
EXAMPLE The US VISIT Entry/Exit systems exempts persons over the age of 79 from releasing fingerprints
during the phase of verifying the credential to access to the USA at an entry point.
If contact fingerprint sensor technology is used, some scanner manufacturers provide elderly people
with appropriate moisturizing solutions to be applied prior to fingerprint capture.
An advantage of using sub-dermal or touchless fingerprint sensors is that they are less affected by
changes to the surface of the skin.
7.2.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have consequences on
fingerprint recognition
7.2.2.1 Arthritis and arthrosis
An elderly person's ability to use a fingerprint device can be severely limited by arthritis, arthrosis or a
loss of motor performance. Consequently, the quality of images captured by fingerprint sensors can be
affected in the population of elderly people.
NOTE It is not advisable to treat unintentional poor fingerprint presentations due to age-degraded motor
functions as a presentation attack to the fingerprint system.
A solution for overcoming such issues is to re-capture the fingerprint until image quality is sufficient
for s
...
Style Definition
...
TECHNICAL ISO
REPORT SC 37 TR
20322
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37/WG 6
First Edition
Formatted: Font: Cambria, English (United Kingdom)
2022-XX-XX2023-02
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text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
Formatted: Font: Cambria, Bold, English (United
Kingdom)
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 12 pt
Information technology -—
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Cross -jurisdictional and societal aspects of implementation of biometric
least 12 pt, Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian
text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
technologies -— Biometrics and elderly people
numbers
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...
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TechnologieTechnologies de l'information -
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 12 pt, French (Switzerland)
— Aspects interjurisdictionnel et sociétaux et
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transjuridictionnels de la mise en œuvre des technologies
biométriques -— Biométrie et personnes âgées
Reference number
ISO TR 20322 – 2022
ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
©
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
© ISO 2022,2023
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Auto
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO Formatted: zzCopyright, Right: 0 cm, Space After: 0 pt
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 9 pt, Font color: Black
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ISO copyright officeCopyright Office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
Formatted: Font: Cambria
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 10 pt, Font color: Black,
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
English (United States)
Email: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: Font: Cambria
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
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Published in Switzerland.
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English (United States)
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English (United States)
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Contents Formatted: Font: Cambria, English (United Kingdom)
Formatted: zzContents, Don't adjust space between
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….v Latin and Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian
text and numbers
Introduction . 3
1 Scope . 3
2 Terms and definitions . 3
elderly person . 4
3 Abbreviated terms. 4
4 Fundamental concepts . 4
5 Elderly people in terms of age . 4
6 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people. 5
General considerations. 5
Fingerprint recognition . 5
Typical effects of being an elderly person having potential consequences on
fingerprint recognition: skin conditions . 5
Typical elderly people pathologies having potential consequences on
fingerprint recognition: arthritis and arthrosis . 5
Typical elderly people pathologies having potential consequences on
fingerprint recognition: Neuromuscular diseases . 6
Typical elderly people pathologies having potential consequences on
fingerprint recognition: Eye Diseases . 6
Face recognition . 6
7 Critical points which affect multiple modalities . 8
8 Practical issues involved in the implementation of biometric systems used by
elderly people . 9
iv © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
9 Conclusions . 10
Bibliography . 11
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Foreword
Foreword . vii
Introduction . ix
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Fundamental concepts . 2
6 Elderly people in terms of age . 2
7 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by elderly
people . 3
7.1 General considerations . 3
7.2 Fingerprint recognition. 3
7.2.1 Typical characteristics of an elderly person which can have consequences on
fingerprint recognition: skin conditions. 3
7.2.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition . 4
7.2.3 Data concerning the use of fingerprint recognition by elderly people . 5
7.3 Face recognition . 5
7.3.1 Typical characteristics of elderly people which can have consequences on face
recognition . 5
7.3.2 Typical pathologies experienced by elderly people which can have
consequences on fingerprint recognition: neuromuscular problems . 6
7.3.3 Data concerning the use of face recognition by elderly people . 6
7.4 Iris recognition . 6
7.4.1 Typical characteristics or pathologies of an elderly person which can have
consequences on iris recognition . 6
7.4.2 Data concerning the use of iris recognition by elderly people . 8
8 Critical points which affect multiple modalities . 8
9 Practical issues involved in the implementation of biometric systems used by
elderly people . 8
9.1 Cognitive challenges . 8
9.2 Acceptance of biometrics in the elderly people population . 9
10 Conclusions . 9
Bibliography .12
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a and IEC (the International
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Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide federation of national
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collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
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electrotechnical standardization.
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
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the different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives 2 Formatted: English (United States)
(see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
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rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
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www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
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This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee JTC1ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
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Technologytechnology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
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www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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Introduction
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and numbers
This document provides support for the further development of ISO/IEC biometric
standardsInternational Standards on biometrics in the context of cross-jurisdictional and societal
applications of biometrics, in relation to usage with elderly persons.
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The contents of this document are descriptive and don’tdo not provide recommended practices and
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guidelines.
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Legal requirements of the respective countries take precedence and biometric data should be space between Latin and Asian text, Don't adjust space
between Asian text and numbers
obtained in accordance with local norms of behaviour.
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Examples of the benefits to be gained by following the Technical Reportusing this document are:
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⎯ Operational— operational support in using biometrics applied to the context of elderly
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people;
text and numbers
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⎯ Enhanced— enhanced acceptance by subjects of systems (elderly people and relatives) using
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biometric technology;
text and numbers, Tab stops: 0.7 cm, Left + 1.4 cm, Left
+ 2.1 cm, Left + 2.8 cm, Left + 3.5 cm, Left + 4.2 cm,
⎯ Improved— improved public perception and understanding of these systems;
Left + 4.9 cm, Left + 5.6 cm, Left + 6.3 cm, Left + 7
cm, Left
⎯ Smoother— smoother introduction and operation of these systems.
The primary stakeholders are identified as:
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⎯ Users— users – those who use the results of the biometric data;
text and numbers
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⎯ Developers— developers - those who develop technical standards ;
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text and numbers, Tab stops: 0.7 cm, Left + 1.4 cm, Left
⎯ Subjects— subjects – those who provide the biometric sample;
+ 2.1 cm, Left + 2.8 cm, Left + 3.5 cm, Left + 4.2 cm,
Left + 4.9 cm, Left + 5.6 cm, Left + 6.3 cm, Left + 7
⎯ Writers— writers of system specifications, system architects and IT designers;
cm, Left
⎯ Public— public policy makers - those who make policies affecting the use of biometrics
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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ISO 20322 : 2022
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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Information technology -— Cross -jurisdictional and societal
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aspects of implementation of biometric technologies -—
Biometrics and elderly people
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1 Scope
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1
This document builds upon the information provided in ISO/IEC TR 24714-1 ,
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ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015 and ISO/IEC TR 29138-1:2009. It highlights in order to highlight in a
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more detailed way the medical, physical and cognitive aspects that are specific for the use of
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biometrics by elderly persons. .
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content .
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
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undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
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applies.
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ISO/IEC 2382-37, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 37: Biometrics
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23 Terms and definitions Formatted
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1
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 2382-37: 2017 and
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the following apply. .
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ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the
following addresses: Formatted
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— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
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— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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https://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1
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elderly person
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Everyevery human being over the age of 65 years .
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For a freely available copy of ISO/IEC 2382-37:2017, see: Formatted
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https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/index.html
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Clause 6 explains why 65 years was chosen as the age that defines an elderly person
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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Note 1 to entry: For an explanation of why 65 years has been chosen as the age defining an elderly person,
see Clause 6.
34 Abbreviated terms Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian
text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
⎯ DG: Directorates-General of the European Commission
⎯ EU: European Union
⎯ JRC: Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
⎯ UN: United Nations
⎯ TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack
DG Directorates-General of the European Commission
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EU European Union
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numbers
JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
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UN United Nations
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45 Fundamental concepts
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ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015, Clause 2 states, :
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text and numbers
“There is a basic principle of designing biometric systems in a way that they can be used effectively
and with minimum discomfort by the whole target population. There is also the need of reaching a Formatted: Font: Italic
common understanding of the target population and an agreement of what is reasonably possible.
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This brings the requirement of designing biometric systems following the best possible guidance to
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create systems that are accessible”.
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ISO/IEC TR 29138-1:20092018, Clause 1 states, :
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“This part of ISO/IEC TR 29138document identifies a collection of user accessibility needs of people
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with disabilities for standards developersthat diverse users have of ICT systems to take into
consideration when developing or revising their standards. Thesemake these systems accessible to
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them. Each user accessibility need might be required of a system by an individual. Different users can Latin and Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian
text and numbers
have different sets of user accessibility needs are also useful for developers of information technology
products and services and for accessibility advocates to considerin different contexts”.
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The issues raised in the above mentionedthese two documents are particularly evident in the
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biometric context because the age-related psychophysical complications often combine with a
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degradation of the biometric characteristics of the individuals.
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The consequences are that elderly people often experimentexperience serious difficulties in using
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a biometric system.
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56 Elderly people in terms of age Exactly 12 pt
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Although it cannot be considered as a general rule, and the UN -agreed age for referring to the
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elderly population is 60+ years, mostmany countries have accepted the chronological age of 65
spacing: Exactly 12 pt
years as a definition of an 'elderly' or older person.
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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This technical report will be aligned with this lastdocument follows the latter convention and will
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adopt auses the definition for an “provided in 3.1 when referring to "elderly person” as any human
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being who is the age of 65 years or over the age of 65 yearspeople".
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67 Critical points associated to the use of specific biometric modalities by
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elderly people
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7.1 General considerations
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Starting fromThe following subclauses provide a brief description of some typical
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consequencescharacteristics of being an elderly personpeople that can have a potential .
consequence on specific biometric technologies, the following paragraphs will . They also consider
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certain pathologies which are frequently experienced by elderly people.
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NOTE Although the focus of this document is on elderly people, some pathologies that, although maycan
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also occur also at an earlier age, are frequent among elderly people.
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The biometric technologies analyzed in this technical reportdocument are the onesthose which are
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most prevalent in their use. ShouldIf the use of a further biometric technology becomebecomes
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particularly widespread in the future, such technology will be considered in subsequent revisions
of the technical reportthis document. Formatted
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7.2 Fingerprint recognition
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7.2.1 Typical effectscharacteristics of being an elderly person having potentialwhich
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can have consequences on fingerprint recognition: skin conditions
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In olderelderly people, water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis,
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[1 ] .
makescan make skin dry (xerosis) [). ]. This can result in an inconsistent contact of the finger
ridges with the scanner's platen surface and consequently,, which can cause broken ridges and Formatted
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[2]
several white pixels replacing ridge structure [.
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With the implementation of contactless fingerprint scanning technologies, this issue, generally
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associated with elderly people, is lessened, or will be probably eliminated in the future”
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Furthermore, the differentiation between ridges and valleys reduces as ridges wear out with age.
As a result, for a contact scanner, it can become difficult to capture a good quality fingerprint. Formatted
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NOTE With the implementation of contactless fingerprint scanning technologies, this issue is lessened, and .
could potentially be eliminated in the future.
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Consequently, consideration of whether fingerprints are the appropriate biometric to use for
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elderly people is recommended, particularly as their age is beyond seventy or eighty .
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For example, the US VISIT Entry/Exit systems exempts persons over the age of 79 to release the fingerprints during the phase of
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verifying the credential to access to the US at an entry point.
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ISO/IEC TR 20322:2023(E)
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Consequently, the recommendation of whether fingerprints it can be pertinent to evaluate whether
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fingerprint recognition is the appropriate biometric to use for the elderly people is an important
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point to evaluate(particularly those aged over 70) in certain situations. text and numbers
In caseEXAMPLE The US VISIT Entry/Exit systems exempts persons over the age of 79 from releasing Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
fingerprints during the phase of verifying the credential to access to the USA at an entry point.
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If contact fingerprint sensor technology is used, some scanner manufacturers provide the elderly
people with appropriate moisturizing solutions to be applied prior to fingerprint capture.
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Moreover,An advantage of using sub-dermal or touchless fingerprint sensors can be used asis that
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they are less affected by changes to the surface of the skin.
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7.2.2 Typical elderly people pathologies having potentialexperienced by elderly people
which can have consequences on fingerprint recognition: arthritis Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
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7.2.2.1 Arthritis and arthrosis
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An elderly individual'sperson's ability to use a fingerprint device can be severely limited by
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arthritis, arthrosis or a loss of motor performance. Consequently, the quality of images captured by
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fingerprint sensors can be affected in the population of elderly people . .
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A way to overcomeNOTE It is not advisable to treat unintentional poor fingerprint presentations due to age-
degraded motor functions as a presentation attack to the fingerprint system. Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
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A solution for overcoming such issues is to re-capture the fingerprint until image quality is sufficient
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for system processing or, again, use touchless finger
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