ISO/TS 12747:2011
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Recommended practice for pipeline life extension
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Recommended practice for pipeline life extension
ISO/TS 12747:2011 gives guidance to follow, as a minimum, in order to assess the feasibility of extending the service life of a pipeline system, as defined in ISO 13623, beyond its specified design life. ISO/TS 12747:2011 applies to rigid metallic pipelines. Pump stations, compressor stations, pressure-reduction stations and depots are not specifically addressed in ISO/TS 12747:2011. ISO/TS 12747:2011 is not applicable to the following: flexible pipelines; pipelines constructed from other materials, such as glass reinforced plastics; umbilicals; topsides equipment; and structures and structural components. ISO/TS 12747:2011 is limited to life extension, which is an example of a change to the original design. Other changes, such as MAOP up-ratings, are excluded. The assessment methodology is applicable to other changes to the design at the discretion of the user.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport par conduites — Pratique recommandée pour l'extension de la durée de vie des conduites
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 12747
First edition
2011-04-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Pipeline transportation systems —
Recommended practice for pipeline life
extension
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport par
conduites — Pratique recommandée pour une longue durée des
conduites
Reference number
ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 Abbreviated terms.5
5 Life extension overview.5
5.1 General .5
5.2 Assessment process.6
5.3 Assessment requirements .6
5.4 Limitations on life extension.8
5.5 Pipeline system availability.9
6 Data compilation.9
6.1 General .9
6.2 Data.9
7 Technical integrity of the pipeline system.12
7.1 General .12
7.2 PIMS review.12
7.3 Remediation requirements .13
8 Future threat identification.13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Generic threats .13
8.3 Threats specific to offshore pipeline systems .14
8.4 Threats specific to onshore pipeline systems .14
9 Life extension assessment.14
9.1 Risk assessment .14
9.2 Pipeline system design review .16
9.3 Assessment of remnant life .17
9.4 Integrity management during extended life.20
9.5 Regulatory requirements.20
9.6 Update of systems and procedures .20
10 Life extension report.21
Bibliography.22
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
— an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
— an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee
casting a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 12747 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline
transportation systems.
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Introduction
Within ISO/TC 67/SC 2 there has been a series of discussions concerning both the needs and level of
prescription required to address pipeline life extension issues. These have highlighted that
⎯ operators are applying differing approaches, which leads to inefficient use of both operator and authority
resources;
⎯ the assessment and upgrading of existing facilities have been based on probabilistic or reliability-based
methods;
⎯ the level of detail delivered varies.
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to address the above concerns by providing a consistent
approach to pipeline life extension assessment that can be applied by operators (or parties acting on their
behalf) across the industry.
This Technical Specification is concerned with the proof of technical integrity of the pipeline system for the
justification of extended operation. Integrity management is not covered in detail. However, the interface
between a PIMS and the life extension process is considered because
⎯ a PIMS, where present, forms an integral part of the integrity assessment of the pipeline system;
⎯ a PIMS of some form is required for operation in extended life.
Factors affecting the future operability of the system but not the technical integrity, such as the loss of a
control umbilical, are flagged as requiring assessment but are not addressed in full in this Technical
Specification.
Whilst this Technical Specification is aimed primarily at the pipeline operators, it can also be of interest to
other stakeholders such as
⎯ regulators approving the life extension application;
⎯ members of the public affected by the life extension application, such as landowners and developers.
In light of this, an overview of the life extension process and the key principles involved is given in Clause 5.
The remainder of the document is intended to provide detailed guidance to those performing the life extension
assessments.
All guidance is provided for use in conjunction with sound engineering practice and judgment. This Technical
Specification is not intended for use as a design code.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation
systems — Recommended practice for pipeline life extension
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives guidance to follow, as a minimum, in order to assess the feasibility of
extending the service life of a pipeline system, as defined in ISO 13623, beyond its specified design life. Pump
stations, compressor stations, pressure-reduction stations and depots are not specifically addressed in this
Technical Specification, as shown in Figure 1.
This Technical Specification applies to rigid metallic pipelines. It is not applicable to the following:
⎯ flexible pipelines;
⎯ pipelines constructed from other materials, such as glass reinforced plastics;
⎯ umbilicals;
⎯ topsides equipment;
⎯ structures and structural components.
This Technical Specification is limited to life extension, which is an example of a change to the original design.
Other changes, such as MAOP up-ratings, are excluded.
NOTE The assessment methodology is applicable to other changes to the design at the discretion of the user.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13623, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Key
pipeline systems covered by ISO/TS 12747
connection with other facilities
pipeline not covered by ISO/TS 12747
station/plant area or offshore installation not covered by ISO/TS 12747
station/plant area covered by ISO/TS 12747
Figure 1 — Extent of pipeline systems covered by this Technical Specification
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acceptance criteria
specified indicators or measures employed in assessing the ability of a component, structure, or system to
perform its intended function
3.2
anomaly
discrepancy or deviation of an element of the pipeline system from the established rules and limits
3.3
design life
period for which the design basis is planned to remain valid
[ISO 13623]
3.4
failure
event in which a component or system does not perform according to its operational requirements
3.5
flow assurance
ensuring successful and economical flow of fluid through the pipeline system
3.6
high integrity pressure protection system
mechanical overpressure protection system that rapidly isolates the pipeline if there is a risk of exceeding the
maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP)
3.7
life extension
additional period of time beyond the original design or service life (but within the assessed remnant life) for
which permission to continue operating a pipeline system is granted by the regulatory bodies
NOTE Life extension is considered as a modification to the design basis.
3.8
location class
geographic area classified according to criteria based on population density and human activity
[ISO 13623]
3.9
maximum allowable operating pressure
maximum pressure at which the pipeline system, or parts thereof, is allowed to be operated
[Adapted from ISO 13623]
3.10
operation
activities involved with running and maintaining the pipeline system in accordance with the design premise
3.11
operator
party ultimately responsible for the operation and integrity of the pipeline system
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
3.12
pipeline integrity management system
management system designed to ensure the safe operation of a pipeline system in accordance with the
design intent, by control of the physical condition of a pipeline, the operating conditions within the system and
any changes made to the system
3.13
pipeline
those facilities through which fluids are conveyed, including pipe, pig traps, components and appurtenances,
up to and including the isolating valves
[Adapted from ISO 13623]
3.14
pipeline
〈offshore〉 pipeline laid in maritime waters and estuaries seaward of the ordinary high water mark
[ISO 13623]
3.15
pipeline
〈onshore〉 pipeline laid on or in land, including lines laid under inland water courses
[ISO 13623]
3.16
pipeline system
pipelines, stations, supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA), safety systems, corrosion
protection systems, and any other equipment, facility or building used in the transportation of fluids
[ISO 13623]
3.17
remnant life
assessed period of time (irrespective of the defined design life) for which a pipeline system can be operated
safely, based on time-dependent degradation mechanisms such as corrosion and fatigue
3.18
required life
desired operational life of the pipeline, accounting for continued operation beyond the original pipeline design
life
3.19
risk
qualitative or quantitative likelihood of an event occurring, considered in conjunction with the consequence of
the event
3.20
risk management
policies, procedures and practices involved in the identification, assessment, control and mitigation of risks
3.21
service life
length of time over which the pipeline system is intended to operate
3.22
technical integrity
ability of the pipeline system to function in accordance with the design basis
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
3.23
threat
any activity or condition that can adversely affect the pipeline system if not adequately controlled
3.24
topsides
structures and equipment placed on a supporting structure (fixed or floating) to provide some or all of a
platform’s functions
4 Abbreviated terms
CP Cathodic protection
ECA Engineering critical assessment
ESD Emergency shut-down
ESDV Emergency shut-down valve
HIPPS High integrity pressure protection system
ILI In-line inspection
IP Intelligent pig
MAOP Maximum allowable operating pressure
PIMS Pipeline integrity management system
QRA Quantitative risk assessment
ROW Right of way
SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
VIV Vortex-induced vibration
5 Life extension overview
5.1 General
The design life of a pipeline is derived to prevent failure during operation due to time-dependent degradation
mechanisms such as corrosion and fatigue. However, the expiry of the design life does not automatically
mean that the pipeline system is not fit-for-purpose because
⎯ corrosion rates determined during the design process could have been conservative and/or corrosion
defects could have been repaired;
⎯ the anticipated operational fatigue damage could have been overestimated.
Extended operation beyond the pipeline design life can be desirable when recoverable oil and gas remain, or
where additional operational assets are tied (or will be tied) into the pipeline system.
NOTE There are alternatives to pipeline life extension, such as installing a replacement pipeline. Therefore, a
business case is required to determine the most suitable option by comparing the cost of the mitigation necessary to
achieve the desired life extension with the cost of a new pipeline.
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
5.2 Assessment process
If the intention is to operate a pipeline system beyond its specified design life, a life extension assessment
shall be performed. The aim of this assessment is to demonstrate that by extending the life of the pipeline
system, the operator is not exposing society to unacceptable risk.
Figure 2 illustrates the pipeline system life extension assessment process. The shaded boxes highlight the
distinct stages of the assessment and cross-references to the clause of this Technical Specification dealing
with a particular stage are provided.
The process begins with a requirement for pipeline extension (item 1) and an assessment of the current
integrity of the pipeline system (item 2). The life extension needs should then be defined (item 3), prior to
commencement of the life extension assessment (item 4).
The life extension assessment shall consider conditions found during the normal operational life that were not
considered in the design. Examples are time-dependent cracking mechanisms (e.g. SCC) and manufacturing
flaws that can grow under the effect of cyclic loading. The requirements of the life extension assessment are
discussed in more detail in 5.3.
Once an acceptable life extension has been determined, the assessment process shall be fully documented
(item 5). If life extension is not possible (or if a replacement pipeline is the most economical solution), the
pipeline should be decommissioned at the end of the design life as originally planned.
5.3 Assessment requirements
The life extension process illustrated in Figure 2 involves an assessment of the current pipeline system
integrity and an assessment to determine the suitability of the pipeline system for life extension.
The assessment of the current integrity (item 2) shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
⎯ review of the pipeline system operational history;
⎯ detailed assessment of the current technical integrity of the pipeline system.
The life extension assessment (item 4) shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
a) risk assessment for extended operation;
b) review of the pipeline system design, including a gap analysis to identify the additional requirements of
the current design codes;
c) assessment of the remnant life of the system, including the following:
⎯ corrosion assessment, accounting for both accumulated and future corrosion in combination with a
defect assessment;
⎯ fatigue assessment, accounting for both accumulated and future fatigue damage;
⎯ coating breakdown and CP system degradation assessment;
⎯ identification and assessment of any other time-dependent degradation mechanism active in the
pipeline;
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
Figure 2 — Pipeline system life extension process
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
d) revision or introduction of the PIMS for the extended operating period, including update of the anomaly
limits;
e) identification of any tenure issue (e.g. expiry of permit to occupy land) or statutory requirements (e.g.
pipeline license renewal), including a gap analysis to identify any additional regulatory requirements
introduced during the pipeline design life;
f) review of the adequacy of the safety and operating systems;
g) review of the adequacy of the operating and maintenance, emergency response and safety and
environmental procedures.
Additional studies shall be performed as required, in order to determine the need for remedial measures to
mitigate the threats to the pipeline system anticipated during the extended operational period.
5.4 Limitations on life extension
The allowable life extension is governed by the assessed remnant life of the pipeline system, as illustrated in
Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Life extension and remnant life
If the required life of the pipeline system exceeds the remnant life, the remnant life assessment may be
repeated considering the implementation of remedial measures, such as
⎯ replacement of pipeline components;
⎯ reassessment of anomaly limits and rectification of any anomalies;
⎯ derating of the pipeline system.
Alternatively, it is possible to perform the life extension in stages. This is illustrated by the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 A life extension of 20 years is required for a pipeline system, following the tie-in of a new asset, but the
remnant life of the pipeline system is only 5 years due to excessive riser corrosion. In this case, an initial 5-year life
extension can be made, followed by a further extension of 15 years upon replacement of the riser at the end of its remnant
life.
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
EXAMPLE 2 A life extension of 20 years is required for a pipeline system, but due to the predicted corrosion rates, a
reduction in MAOP will be required in 2 years. In a fashion similar to Example 1 above, an initial 2-year life extension can
be made, with a further extension of 18 years subject to favourable results from an ILI run. If the ILI run confirmed the
predicted corrosion rate, reduction in MAOP or rectification of the unacceptable defects would still be required after
2 years in order to achieve the required 20-year life extension.
5.5 Pipeline system availability
The guidance given in this Technical Specification is concerned with the proof of technical integrity of the
pipeline system. However, the availability of the pipeline system during the life extension is also of critical
importance. As such, a separate assessment of the integrity of the following should be carried out as part of
the life extension process, as applicable:
⎯ pipeline system facilities, such as
⎯ platform topsides,
⎯ pump stations,
⎯ compressor stations,
⎯ processing plants and terminals;
⎯ instrumentation;
⎯ control systems and equipment, such as SCADA;
⎯ ancillary equipment.
6 Data compilation
6.1 General
Typical data required for a life extension assessment of a pipeline system are listed in 6.2. This does not
constitute an exhaustive list; therefore, additional data should be gathered as required. The use of accurate
data is vital and the level of confidence in the data source shall be considered as part of the assessment.
When performing the life extension assessment, the degree of missing data shall be assessed and remedial
actions, such as additional pipeline inspections or risk assessments, shall be identified where appropriate.
NOTE 1 When considering aging pipelines, data are often missing, especially if the operatorship has passed through
several organizations.
NOTE 2 In specific instances, such as for CP surveys, the use of the most recent inspection results is appropriate.
6.2 Data
6.2.1 Original design
Original design data should include
a) original codes and standards, including edition number and date;
b) design, fabrication and installation details;
c) design basis;
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
d) material specification and certification;
e) analysis calculations and reports;
f) hydrotest certificates;
g) environmental impact assessments;
h) risk assessments, including ECAs;
i) pressure safety systems;
j) inspection and test certification and reports;
k) documents relating to authorization and permits to operate;
l) regulatory requirements;
m) land ownership details;
n) surveys and route documentation, including location of other services and addition of third party services;
o) as-built route alignment maps, special crossing details, detailed pipework and instrumentation diagrams;
p) deviations and non-conformities.
6.2.2 Operations data
Operations data should include
a) pipeline process philosophy and data sheets;
b) operations philosophy;
c) operating cycles, including pressure, temperature, flow and content analysis;
d) operational pigging frequency and results, including liquid hold up and pig trash analysis;
e) corrosion monitoring;
f) erosion/sand monitoring;
g) microbial monitoring;
h) chemical management, including dosing regimes;
i) process monitoring records, including gas composition;
j) leak detection;
k) safety systems, e.g. HIPPS;
l) control systems, e.g. SCADA;
m) pressure systems;
n) incident records;
o) service conversions, including fluid content, dew point at inlet and outlet, liquid, hydrogen sulfide content,
carbon dioxide content.
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
6.2.3 Maintenance and inspection data
Maintenance and inspection data should include
a) pipeline and material specifications;
b) acoustic/video records;
c) cathodic protection surveys;
d) thermography;
e) ground penetrating radar;
f) geographic information;
g) settlement monitoring;
h) crossing surveys;
i) span monitoring;
j) metocean data;
k) pigging runs (operational and intelligent pigging);
l) coating;
m) anomaly records, including all pipeline system anomalies identified since construction;
n) reports of all leaks and accidents;
o) repairs and modifications, including operational changes, e.g. change in operating temperature, pressure
or flow rate;
p) mechanical integrity of pig traps, valves and other components;
q) inspection methods and techniques;
r) corrosion records.
6.2.4 External data
External data should include
a) regulations;
b) design codes (national and international);
c) pipeline registration documentation, permits and licenses;
d) building development and proximity distances changing the class of the pipeline system;
e) geological faults;
f) earthquakes, mudslides, subsidence.
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ISO/TS 12747:2011(E)
7 Technical integrity of the pipeline system
7.1 General
7.1.1 The integrity of the pipeline system can have deteriorated since installation. The level of information
available to characterize the deterioration experienced depends upon the monitoring and management
systems implemented by the operator.
NOTE Integrity management practice varies with different operators in different parts of the world. In some cases, an
ongoing risk assessment process is adopted, whilst in other cases, assessments are performed less frequently.
Consequently the level of assessment required to justify life extension varies.
In order to determine whether the current technical integrity of the pipeline system is acceptable for life
extension, an integrity assessment shall be performed based on the data and documentation detailed in
Clause 6. There are numerous codes and standards that cover the assessment of pipeline integrity and these
should be consulted for further guidance.
EXAMPLE API Std 1160, ASME B31.8S and DNV-RP-F116 address pipeline integrity assessment.
7.1.2 The technical integrity assessment shall evaluate
a) the internal and external pipeline condition;
b) the eff
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