ISO 13183:2012
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Using broadcast communications
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Using broadcast communications
ISO 13183:2012 specifies the architectural communications framework of intelligent transport systems (ITS) for the family of communications access for land mobiles (CALM) related International Standards. The architecture is described in an abstract way with several graphical views and examples. The graphical representations partly follow the ISO open systems interconnection (OSI) principles. In addition to the requirements specified within ISO 13183:2012, a number of notes and examples are provided to illustrate the CALM concept.
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — CALM utilisant les communications de diffusion générale
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13183
First edition
2012-05-01
Intelligent transport systems —
Communications access for land mobiles
(CALM) — Using broadcast
communications
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des
services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — CALM utilisant les
communications de diffusion générale
Reference number
ISO 13183:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 General . 1
2.2 Public telecoms network conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
6 Background . 4
6.1 Proprietary and standardized connectivity protocols . 4
7 Requirements of the MMAE . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Adoption of broadcast standards and internationally adopted practices . 5
7.3 CALM architecture . 5
7.4 CALM networking protocols . 6
7.5 CALM medium service access points . 6
7.6 ITS station management . 6
7.7 CALM using public wireless networks . 7
7.8 Interface medium management . 7
7.9 Establishment of a medium specific session by the MMAE . 7
8 Medium access control (MAC) . 13
8.1 CALM broadcast communications MMAE service primitives. 13
8.2 Identification of the broadcast communication MMAE . 14
8.3 CALM session connection . 15
8.4 CALM session disconnection . 16
8.5 Change of broadcast communications connection state . 16
8.6 Retrieval of the medium status . 16
8.7 Broadcast communications specific connection aspects . 17
8.8 Broadcast communications session disconnection . 17
9 Test methods . 17
10 Declaration of patents and intellectual property . 17
Bibliography . 18
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13183 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is part of a family of International Standards for CALM ("Communications Access
for Land Mobiles") which specify a common architecture, network protocols and communications interface
nd
definitions for wireless communications using different bearer technologies, e.g. 2 generation cellular,
rd
cellular 3 generation, 5 GHz microwave, 60 GHz millimetre-wave, mobile wireless broadband, infra-red
communications, and satellite. These wireless communications interfaces are designed to provide parameters
and protocols for broadcast, point-to-point, vehicle-vehicle, and vehicle-point communications in the ITS
sector.
This International Standard provides definitions and procedures for the establishment, maintenance and
termination of an ITS communications session within a CALM system environment using received public
network broadcast communications messages. Such broadcast communications can be delivered by a variety
of media that could include satellite, digital audio broadcast (e.g. ISDB and DAB), digital video broadcast
ss
(e.g. DVB and ISDB) or any other public communications broadcast service.
Some of the media developed explicitly for CALM include a fully defined broadcast capability, but this
International Standard covers only those media that have not been developed specifically for CALM. Protocols
for broadcasts that use new dedicated private ITS communications are fully defined in the standards
developed for these new communications media.
CALM standards are explicitly designed to enable quasi-continuous communications as well as
communications of protracted duration between vehicles and service providers, and between vehicles.
The fundamental advantage of the CALM concept over traditional systems is the ability to support media-
independent handover (MIH), also referred to as heterogeneous or vertical handover, between the various
media supported by CALM (e.g., cellular, microwave, mobile wireless broadband, infra-red, DSRC, and
satellite). Selection policies are supported that include user preferences and media capabilities in making
decisions as to which medium to use for a particular session, and when to hand over between media or
between service providers on the same medium. These handover mechanisms are defined within the CALM
architecture International Standard, ISO 21217, the CALM IPv6 networking protocols International Standard,
ISO 21210, the CALM medium service access points International Standard, ISO 21218, and the CALM
station management International Standard, ISO 24102. Handovers between access points using the same
technology and service provider use mechanisms that are defined within the particular medium-specific CALM
standard.
Broadcast communications using public networks will typically be used where large numbers of users are
running applications intended to receive the same information. Examples of broadcast information include
incremental map-update information, ephemeral information on road conditions including traffic and weather
conditions, and the current road use charge that is applied to specific sections of road. Furthermore, GNSS
location information can be routed to relevant applications using this protocol.
Broadcasting this information is very efficient spectrally, rather than sending the same information individually
to thousands of vehicles via point-to-point communications: the transmission costs could be shared between
all the users.
The broadcast medium can also be used to carry paging messages. Strictly speaking, these are unicast, but
take advantage of the wide geographical coverage of the broadcast system at the physical layer.
There is no embedded means for the individual receivers to acknowledge correct receipt of broadcast
transmissions in real time, and the intended recipient system could be powered down at the time of
transmission.
This International Standard identifies techniques that can be used to overcome these limitations.
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
The time of transmission is determined by the information supplier and is not under the control of the recipient.
Therefore it is possible that the ITS station could be powered down at the time of the transmission, in which
case the information will not be received. For example, it is conceivable that there might be overnight
transmission of map updates. This International Standard defines a “sleep mode”, which would be appropriate
for a parked car which would normally require the ITS system to be powered down. However, the (very low
power consumption) broadcast receiver and its associated “Medium Management Adaptation Entity” (MMAE)
would remain powered to listen for, and store, relevant information transmissions. Any relevant information
could be passed to the appropriate applications within the ITS station when the ITS station is next powered up.
The following three possible methods have been identified to allow this operation:
a) The MMAE provides storage for all information received over the logical ITS channel, whilst
the ITS is in sleep mode, for subsequent transfer to the relevant application via intermediate
CALM protocols.
b) The MMAE uses selective storage of information received, following a filtering process. The
filtering would be achieved by the application alerting the MMAE on the types of application
that are of interest. The application type information will be included within the information
header. The MMAE reads the application type information in the header, and stores only the
selected information.
c) Filtering and buffering of information, whilst a wake-up message is sent to the rest of the ITS
station so that the information being received can be passed to the application for immediate
processing. The application would instruct the ITS station to return to sleep mode, once all the
information has been received and processed.
The wake-up process in a) above is not currently supported by the relevant CALM standards, so this mode is
not currently supported.
The inclusion of this function in the MMAE is not mandated. However, each of these arrangements would
greatly increase the probability that broadcast information will be received by a large proportion of the users.
As noted above, the broadcast medium does not include a return path. However, reliable information transfer
can be supported by using an alternative medium for the return channel. This can be a very sensible approach
where there is significant asymmetry, with large amounts of information downloaded with very simple
acknowledgement messages to be returned.
Bi-directional satellite communications in the CALM environment are specified in ISO 29282.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13183:2012(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for
land mobiles (CALM) — Using broadcast communications
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the architectural communications framework of intelligent transport
systems (ITS) for the family of communications access for land mobiles (CALM) related International
Standards. The architecture is described in an abstract way with several graphical views and examples. The
graphical representations partly follow the ISO open systems interconnection (OSI) principles. In addition to
the requirements specified within this International Standard, a number of notes and examples are provided to
illustrate the CALM concept.
Wherever practicable, this International Standard has been developed by reference to suitable extant
International Standards, adopted by selection. The architecture provides for regional variations where
regulations differ in different countries and regions.
2 Conformance
2.1 General
Conformance declarations for the various parts of a CALM-compliant system shall be based on the
appropriate CALM related International Standards as listed in Clause 3: ISO 21210, ISO 21217, ISO 21218,
ISO 24102, ISO 25111, ISO 29281.
2.2 Public telecoms network conformance
Broadcast communications media are defined in various standards set by a variety of standardization fora.
This International Standard does not require conformance to any specific broadcast standard, but in order to
claim compliance with this International Standard, a system shall declare with which broadcast standards it
complies.
The following are examples of systems that are already used, or can be used, for ITS solutions in
certain regions:
— ITU-R BS.1194-2, Systems for multiplexing frequency modulation (FM) sound broadcasts
with a sub-carrier data channel having a relatively large transmission capacity for
stationary and mobile reception
— ITU-R BO.1408-1, Transmission system for advanced multimedia services provided by
integrated services digital broadcasting in a broadcasting-satellite channel
— ITU-R BO.1516 System D, Digital multiprogramme television systems for use by satellites
operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency range
— ITU-R BT.1306-4 System C, Error correction, data framing modulation and emission
methods for digital terrestrial television broadcasting
— ITU-R BT.1833, Multimedia System C, Broadcasting of multimedia and data applications
for mobile reception by handheld receivers
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
— ITU-R BT.1833, Multimedia System F, Broadcasting of multimedia and data applications
for mobile reception by handheld receivers
— ITU-R BT.1833, Multimedia system M, Broadcasting of multimedia and data applications
for mobile reception by handheld receivers
— ITU-R BS.1114-6, System F, Systems for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to
vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3,000 MHz
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21210, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — IPv6
Networking
ISO 21217, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Architecture
ISO 21218, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Medium
service access points
ISO 24102, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Management
ISO 25111, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — General
requirements for using public networks
ISO 29281, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Non-IP
networking
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21217 and the following apply.
4.1
broadcast
some form of digitally coded information being transmitted to a significant percentage of users within the
intended area of coverage which could extend to a continent in the case of a satellite broadcast system
4.2
paging
broadcast medium that can be used to carry unicast messages intended for a single recipient, typically in
order to request the mobile ITS station to establish a call back to the ITS station that initiated the paging, using
the most cost-effective routing
NOTE 1 A specific ITS station could be paged with the instruction to connect to the calling ITS station.
NOTE 2 The calling ITS station can include its identity and current connectivity, so that the paged ITS station knows
how to connect to the calling ITS station.
NOTE 3 Paging is an important concept because the CALM architecture does not provide an efficient method for one
ITS station to contact a specific mobile ITS station unless these two already have an established communications routing.
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
4.3
sleep mode
power saving mode of the ITS station when most of the system is powered down, but one or more broadcast
radio communications receivers and their associated MMAEs remain powered so that the system can receive
and store relevant broadcast information
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5.1
CALM
communications access for land mobiles
5.2
CI
communication interface
5.3
DVB
digital video broadcast
5.4
FEC
forward error control
5.5
FLO
forward link only
5.6
GNSS
global navigation satellite systems
5.7
ISDB
integrated services digital broadcasting
5.8
MMAE
medium management adaptation entity
5.9
S-DAB
satellite digital audio broadcast
5.10
S-DMB
satellite digital multimedia broadcast
5.11
UDLR
uni-directional link routing
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
6 Background
6.1 Proprietary and standardized connectivity protocols
There are many terrestrial broadcast transmitters and satellites that provide broadcast services.
Typically these are primarily for entertainment and carry either video or audio but can also provide digital
information broadcast services. Additionally global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) broadcast their
location and time in order that the receiver can determine its location and the time. The interface to these
systems is the subject of this CALM broadcast International Standard.
Terrestrial services include:
a) Sub carrier services carried on FM broadcast entertainment systems
1) RDS (Radio Data Service)
2) DARC (Data Radio Channel) ITU-R BS 1194-2.
b) Digital coded audio
1) DAB – 'Digital Audio Broadcasting' in Europe
2) ISDB (ITU-R BS.1114-6 System F) / (ITU-R BT.1833.multimedia system F)
ss
3) 'Digital Multimedia Broadcasting' (DMB)
4) ISDB-T (ITU-R BT.1306-3 System C)/(ITU-R BT.1833 multimedia system C)
5) SDB-Tmm(ITU-R BS.1114-6 System F)/(ITU-R BT.1306-3 System C)/
(ITU-R BT.1833 multimedia system F)
6) FLO (ITU-R BT. 1833 multimedia system M)
c) Digital terrestrial TV
1) DVB as defined by ETSI
2) DVB-H
3) ISDB_Tmm
4) FLO
Satellite services include:
a) S-DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast)
1) ONDAS
2) SIRIUS
3) Worldspace
4) XM Radio
b) Digital Satellite Television
1) ISDB-S (ITU-R BO.1408-1) / (ITU-R BO.1516 System D)
c) S-DMB (Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast)
1) Solaris (Eutelsat / SES Astra)
2) Mobile Broadcasting Corporation
d) GNSS
1) COMPASS
2) GALILEO
3) 'Global Positioning System' (GPS)4) GLONASS
4) Correction information from reference stations – including networked real time kinematics
NOTE The satellite systems identified above are illustrative. These are proprietary systems and not normative.
New systems are in development and this International Standard has been developed to be able to make full
use of those new services.
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
7 Requirements of the MMAE
7.1 General
The efficient connection of a CALM broadcast receiver requires compliance with a number of related
standards. The overall CALM architecture is defined in ISO 21217, which defines how the individual standards
operate together to deliver the total functionality. An abstraction of the total architecture is shown in Figure 1
below. The satellite 'Medium Management Adaptation Entity' is an adaptation layer between the broadcast
communication system and the 'ITS station management', it uses the generic protocol defined in ISO 25111
and ISO 21218 and in this International Standard. Figure 1 shows only the modules that the broadcast
communications system has direct interaction with, and identifies the relevant standards. The requirements
from each of these standards will be considered in the following sections, together with consideration of the
need to interface to a diverse range of proprietary broadcast technologies.
Figure 1 — Interdependency of CALM standards
7.2 Adoption of broadcast standards and internationally adopted practices
Equipment and systems complying with this International Standard shall operate in the environment,
regulations and parameters defined for broadcast systems in internationally adopted practices and within the
limits and parameters defined in regional and national regulations.
7.3 CALM architecture
Equipment and systems complying with this International Standard shall operate in the environment of, and to
the parameters defined within ISO 21217.
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
Broadcast communications can be used by CALM-aware and non-CALM-aware applications.
Applications are grouped below according to common communications requirements:
a) Broadcast applications (e.g. map updates, road use charging fee tables, and traffic information)
where it is acceptable that there is no guarantee that the information will be received correctly by
all users.
1) Includes communication classes 1 and 9 as defined in ISO 21217.
b) Broadcast with a return link (e.g. for message acknowledgement / retransmission request) – the
return link can use a return path using another medium.
1) Includes communications classes 1 to 4 and 9 to 12 as defined in ISO 21217.
2) Broadcast mode is not applicable to internet browsing.
c) Broadcast communications of management information (e.g. paging of the vehicle).
1) Supports the establishment of all communication classes 1 to 16, as defined in
ISO 21217.
7.4 CALM networking protocols
Equipment and systems complying with this International Standard shall operate in the environment of, and to
the parameters defined within, ISO 29281, or to ISO 21210 for IPv6 Networking, e.g. when used to achieve
reliable broadcast and multicast (see 7.9.6).
7.5 CALM medium service access points
Equipment and systems complying with this International Standard shall operate in the environment of, and to
the parameters defined within, ISO 21218.
This interface is used to provide information on the status of the relevant communications medium. Whilst the
ITS station management is unable to take any action when there is no reception of a broadcast signal, it can
be useful for some applications to know that the communications link is not available, particularly if the
application is expecting to receive some information at a particular time.
The interface is also used to flag up instances when broadcast information is being received, so that the ITS
station management can manage the forwarding of this information to the relevant application.
If an application requires information to be received whilst the host of the CALM system is powered down (e.g.
a car parked overnight) the ITS station can operate in a "sleep mode" where the ITS station management can
instruct the broadcast receiver to monitor, recognise and store information intended for applications that are
used within that vehicle. The information can be transferred to the application the next time that the system is
powered up.
7.6 ITS station management
Equipment and systems complying to this International Standard shall operate in the environment of, and to
the parameters defined within, ISO 24102.
Because there is, normally, no backward signalling on a broadcast channel, there will be no acknowledgement
of correctly received information, and no possibility to request retransmission of lost information. However,
reliable broadcast techniques allow for a reverse channel to be implemented using an alternative medium.
CALM management can assist by selecting the most appropriate channel for the return signalling. The
generation of an acknowledgement or a request for retransmission will be handled within the application rather
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ISO 13183:2012(E)
than within the MMAE. The request to establish a reverse channel will therefore be managed by the
application.
A sleep mode has been defined in order to minimise the chances of loss of broadcast data whilst the vehicle is
not in use. When not in use the ITS station would normally be powered down except for the broadcast
receiver and its associated MMAE. In the sleep mode, any relevant information received will be stored in the
MMAE until the next time that ITS station becomes operational.
The ITS station management has limited ability to control the interface to the broadcast receiver. There are
three possible states:
a) Ready to receive – information can arrive at any time – this is the continuous connection
mode.
b) Sleep mode – a low power mode, where the information from the broadcast receiver can be
stored within the MMAE, for later transfer to the application when the ITS station is fully
powered.
c) Off – any information received by the broadcast receiver will be ignored and lost.
7.7 CALM using public wireless networks
Equipment and systems complying to this International Standard shall operate in the environment of, and to
the parameters defined within ISO 25111.
7.8 Interface medium management
Interface medium management shall be conducted in accordance with the specifications of ISO 25111, 6.5 –
6.7.
7.9 Establishment of a medium specific session by the MMAE
7.9.1 Establishment and termination of a ‘Continuous’ session
Equipment and systems complying with this International Standard shall utilise procedures determined in
ISO 25111, 6.1.4.
7.9.2 Basic operation
The basic operation will support both CALM–aware and non-CALM-aware applications. However more
advanced functionality will be enabled only for CALM aware applications, as described, see 7.9.3 to 7.9.6.
The MMAE shall maintain a list of the broadcast services that it is equipped to receive.
The MMAE shall inform the 'ITS station management' of the list of broadcast services that it is equipped to
receive. This will be achieved using a GetParam.request / GetParam.confrim interchange.
Similarly any applicat
...
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