ISO/TR 21932:2013
(Main)Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — A review of terminology
Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — A review of terminology
ISO/TR 21932:2013 provides a compilation of terms and definitions of concepts related to both the construction and use of a building or civil engineering works, and the effect of such construction works on sustainability and sustainable development, as applied in the documents of ISO/TC 59/SC 17, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works.
Développement durable dans les bâtiments et les ouvrages de génie civil — Une revue de la terminologie
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 21932
First edition
2013-11-15
Sustainability in buildings and civil
engineering works — A review of
terminology
Développement durable dans les bâtiments et les ouvrages de génie
civil — Une revue de la terminologie
Reference number
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Vocabulary structure. 1
3 Terms relating to sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works .2
Annex A (informative) Representative model of the methodology used in the development of
the terminology .16
Annex B (informative) Additional information on the on-going development of terminology and
definitions within ISO/TC 59/SC 17 .18
Annex C (informative) European Committee for Standardization (CEN)/TC 350 on Sustainability of
construction works and its general terminology .22
Annex D (informative) Terminology and language regarding products of the building and
construction sector .48
Annex E (informative) Alphabetical index of terms .51
Bibliography .63
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,
Subcommittee SC 17, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Introduction
Communication is important in the implementation and operation of the concept of sustainable
development related to building and civil engineering. In the interest of common understanding and
standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective
technical communication.
This Technical Report is the result of the terminography and other terminology work that was
undertaken within ISO/TC 59 to establish consistent terminology for concepts related to the subject
field of sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works. Such standardization work was
primarily undertaken by Subcommittee 17, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works, and
more specifically, SC 17/Working Group 1, General principles and terminology.
NOTE 1 ISO 1087-1 defines the concepts of terminology, terminology work, and terminography as follows:
— terminology
set of designations belonging to one special language.
— terminology work
work concerned with the systematic collection, description, processing, and presentation of
concepts and their designations
— terminography
part of terminology work concerned with the recording and presentation of terminological data.
NOTE 2 The work items undertaken on different subjects of standardization within ISO/TC 59/SC 17 and its
working groups include both buildings and civil engineering works, collectively referred to using the designation
construction works.
In 2005, in initiating their terminology work, SC 17 members participated in a joint ISO/TC 59 meeting with
members of other ISO/TC 59 SCs to discuss the common concerns and issues related to the preparation
and use of terminology within a number of ISO/TC 59 subcommittees. This included individuals also
involved in the parallel standardization and terminology work going on within the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN), under the technical committee CEN/TC 350, Sustainability of Construction
Works (formerly CEN BT/WG 174, Integrated Environmental Performance of Buildings). In addition to
the CEN/TC 350 representation, the ISO/TC 59 subcommittees represented at the joint meeting were
SC 2, Terminology and harmonization of languages, SC 14, Design life, SC 15, Performance description of houses
(formerly Performance criteria for single family attached and detached dwellings), and SC 17, Sustainability
in buildings and civil engineering works (formerly Sustainability in building construction).
Standardization in terminology work had already been undertaken by several of these different
committees on concept harmonization to clarify, by eliminating minor differences, the various terms
and definitions for the concepts related to both service life planning of construction works and the
contribution of construction works to sustainability. Concerns were raised about conflicts arising as a
result of the significant number of standardization activities underway in the related subject fields of
sustainability and service life planning. It was agreed that there were many challenges in implementing
and/or adapting the language attributed to the common general concepts related to buildings and civil
engineering works into these specialized subject fields, and to do so in a consistent and concise manner.
An ISO/TC 59 Ad hoc Group (AHG) on Terminology was subsequently established and directed to
maintain close liaison on terminology work occurring across the participating committees and to work
to help resolve different terminology requirements within the different subcommittees of ISO/TC 59
and CEN/TC 350. Also, it was acknowledged and agreed that the main terminology document on
general concepts regarding buildings and civil engineering works, ISO 6707-1, which was developed by
ISO/TC 59/SC 2, would be used as the primary reference vocabulary for any of the work on terminology
undertaken within all the committees, including CEN/TC 350.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Individual representatives from the ISO/TC 59/Subcommittees SC 2, SC 14, SC 15, SC 17, and the
CEN/TC 350 were identified as members of the AHG to provide input and act as liaison on behalf of the
various committees. A database of terms and definitions was developed as an initial working document,
which was based on information submitted from the four TC 59 SCs involved as well as from the
CEN/TC 350. The working list of terms and definitions generally included both a mix of standardized ISO
terms and definitions, as well as definitions that were contained in working drafts within the various
committees. A number of the AHG experts were involved with more than one of the targeted committees,
which proved to be extremely beneficial, as it provided continuity within the discussions from meeting
to meeting and committee to committee.
In 2008, a final report from the AHG was presented to ISO/TC 59 that contained a list of recommendations
typically targeting one or more of the specific committees and specific definitions for individual concepts.
NOTE 3 Additional information on the outcomes of the work of the ISO/TC 59 AHG on Terminology, including
its final report and recommendations, is available from the ISO/TC 59 Secretariat.
Over the same time period (2005 to 2008), and subsequently between 2008 and the present,
standardization work had (has) taken place within the various working groups of SC 17 (and CEN/TC 350).
Within SC 17, this work resulted in the formal development and standardization of terms and definitions
for concepts specific to a number of individual standards, including those related to general principles
(ISO 15392), sustainability indicators for buildings (ISO 21929-1), environmental product declarations
(ISO 21930), and assessment of the environmental performance of buildings (ISO 21931-1).
This Technical Report does not contain a complete list of terms of relevance to the thematic field, but
compiles a complete set of the specific terms and definitions of concepts that have been applied and
standardized in the documents developed to date under ISO/TC 59/SC 17 related to sustainability in
buildings and other types of construction works.
This Technical Report presents a mix of terms and definitions, some of which are repeated from other
ISO publications, while others are those that have been derived from ISO standards on environmental
management and environmental life cycle assessment. Derivations have been performed carefully by
the different committees in order to maintain the original intention, but to enable interpretation to the
context of sustainability and sustainable development related to buildings and civil engineering works.
The compilation of terms and definitions included in Clause 3 of this Technical Report are for concepts
that have been standardized and/or applied through publication of individual ISO standards within
ISO/TC 59/SC 17. Other terms and definitions described in the informative Annexes include both those
considered as still being a work in progress within SC 17 (Annex B), as well as a set of terms and definitions
that have been established within CEN/TC 350 (Annex C). The gradual evolution of all of these concepts
inevitably means that the “sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works” terminology will
continue to develop and that therefore this document may be subject to regular revision and updating.
As a resumé of terms and definitions in this domain, this Technical Report provides a resource for any
future standardization in a general vocabulary. It is expected that the information contained within
this Technical Report may be given further consideration within ISO/TC 59/SC 2, Terminology and
harmonization of languages for possible inclusion in a part of the ISO 6707 series.
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — A
review of terminology
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides a compilation of terms and definitions of concepts related to both
the construction and use of a building or civil engineering works, and the effect of such construction
works on sustainability and sustainable development, as applied in the documents of ISO/TC 59/SC 17,
Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works.
The terms and definitions of concepts listed in Clause 3 reflect standardized terminology relevant to
construction works and the contribution of buildings and civil engineering works to sustainability and
sustainable development.
The terms and definitions listed in Clause 3 include those that represent concepts that have been
standardized and/or applied within SC 17, which includes a number of concepts that have been originally
developed elsewhere within the ISO technical structure. A cross reference is included after each of the
definitions to the specific SC 17 document in which the concept is defined, as well as to the International
Standard(s) from where the definition originates, where applicable.
NOTE 1 Annex A contains information on a representative model of the methodology used in the development
of some of the terminological data.
NOTE 2 Annex B contains a number of examples of term designations and possible wordings of related
definitions that have been discussed during the ongoing terminology work within SC 17.
NOTE 3 Annex C contains a listing of terms and definitions for related concepts being applied by the CEN/TC 350
on Sustainability of Construction Works, many of which were specifically considered and elaborated within the
work of the ISO/TC 59 Ad hoc Group on Terminology.
NOTE 4 Annex D reproduces information from the informative Annex B of ISO 15392, and provides a discussion
around the terminology used by different actors involved to designate various concepts related to products of the
building and construction sector.
2 Vocabulary structure
The terms are generally presented alphabetically except that, in some cases, they are arranged and
numbered within generic relations to allow ready comparison of related concepts. Where a given term
designates more than one concept, each concept has been treated in a separate entry.
As recommended in ISO 10241-1, in a definition, example, or note, reference to another listed entry
(concept) is highlighted in italics and followed by the entry number in brackets, when it is first mentioned.
In the case of those terms and definitions for concepts that originate from other referenced sources and
are specifically listed within Clause 3, the entry numbers cross-referenced coincide with the term entries
in this document and not the source document. In the case of cross-referencing those terms and definitions
for concepts that originate from other referenced sources, but are not specifically listed within Clause 3,
both the source document and related entry numbers within that source are cross-referenced.
NOTE 1 With the mixed structure used in Clause 3, the term-entry numbering does not exactly follow the
format recommended in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 or ISO 10241-1.
NOTE 2 Cross-references within the terminological data in Clause 3 to terms and definitions contained in other
referenced ISO documents is in addition to any references shown in the original SC 17 documents and follows the
format recommended in Clause 6.4.7.(b) of ISO 10241-1 regarding references to terms and symbols in definitions.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
Where a different preferred national equivalent designation exists and has been identified, this has
been given in bold face following the preferred term and annotated by the country code (i.e. US). A term
following the preferred term not given in boldface type is a non-preferred synonym.
For general terms and definitions related to buildings and civil engineering works, reference should also
be made to ISO 6707-1.
For general terms and definitions related to design life and service life planning for buildings and civil
engineering works, reference should also be made to the ISO 15686 series.
For general terms and definitions related to environmental management systems and life cycle
assessment, reference should also be made to ISO 14050.
NOTE 3 Some of the terms and definitions are derived or taken from non-ISO publications, such as the WBCSD
(World Business Council for Sustainable Development) Brundtland Report.
NOTE 4 In Clause 3, for a number of the terms and definitions shown as being contained in ISO 21929-1, the
terminological data are slightly modified from that shown in the published version. This has been done to correct
unintended changes/errors in the text that had occurred in the published document. This specifically affects the
data for the concepts of accessibility (see 3.2), areas of protection (see 3.6), built environment (see 3.8), functional
performance requirement (see 3.16), impact category (see 3.22), indicator (see 3.23.1.2), indoor air quality (see
3.24), life cycle (see 3.27.1.2), maintainability (see 3.28), performance (see 3.29.1), and serviceability (see 3.37.1).
NOTE 5 An alphabetical index is provided showing term entries listed in Clause 3, as well as those in Annexes B
and C, in both the normal and inverted form.
3 Terms relating to sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access to services
availability and accessibility of services outside the building (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: Services can include public transportation, parking, entertainment, health-care, water and
energy supply, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.1; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.1]
3.2
accessibility
ability of a space (ISO 6707-1:2004, 4.1.1) to be entered with ease
Note 1 to entry: Requirements for accessibility depend on the users’ (ISO 6707-1:2004, 8.1) needs, as well as on
activities during the life cycle (3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) of the building (3.7), e.g. construction work (3.11), maintenance
(ISO 6707-1:2004, 7.1.40), and deconstruction.
Note 2 to entry: “Barrier-free use of buildings” would relate to requirements for accessibility related to the needs
of users with reduced mobility.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from ISO 6707-1:2004, 9.3.80, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry related to requirements
for accessibility have been added.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.2; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.2]
3.3.1
acoustic comfort
reaction of occupants to the indoor acoustical environment, described in terms of sound pressure level
and audibility
[SOURCE: ISO 16813:2006, 3.1; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.3]
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
3.3.2
thermal comfort
condition of mind derived from satisfaction with the thermal environment
Note 1 to entry: Thermal comfort is the combined thermal effect of environmental parameters including air
temperature, vapour pressure, air velocity, mean radiant temperature (fixed factors), and clothing and activity
level of occupants (variable factors).
[SOURCE: ISO 16813:2006, 3.28; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.35]
3.3.3
visual comfort
occupant satisfaction with the indoor visual environment, described in terms of illumination level, glare,
visibility, reflection, and psychological and physiological content with natural and artificial illumination
[SOURCE: ISO 16813:2006, 3.29; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.36]
3.4
adaptability
ability to be changed or modified to make suitable for a particular use
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2004, 9.3.79; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.3]
3.5
areas of concern
areas of protection
protection area, sing
aspect(s) of the economy, the environment, or the society that can be impacted by construction works
(3.12), goods, or services
EXAMPLE Asset value, cultural heritage, resources, human health and comfort, social infrastructure.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.3]
3.6
areas of protection
protection area
issue of concern
aspect(s) of the economy, the environment, or the society that can be impacted by construction works
(3.12), goods, or services
EXAMPLE Asset value, cultural heritage, resources, human health and comfort, social infrastructure.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.3, modified — The preferred term specified to designate this concept has
been changed to ‘areas of protection’ and the admitted term, ‘issue of concern’, is used in place of ‘areas
of concern’; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.5]
3.7
building
construction works (3.12) that has the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main
purposes; usually partially or totally enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.3; ISO 15392:2008, 3.4; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.6]
3.8
built environment
collection of man-made or induced physical objects located in a particular area or region
Note 1 to entry: When treated as a whole, the built environment typically is taken to include buildings (3.7),
external works (landscaped areas), infrastructure (3.10), and other construction works (3.12) within the area
under consideration.
Note 2 to entry: Derived from the definition of “environment” in ISO 6707-1.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.5; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.7]
3.9
characterization factor
factor derived from a characterization model which is applied to convert an assigned life cycle
inventory analysis (LCI) result (ISO 14040:2006, 3.24) to the common unit of the category indicator
(ISO 14040:2006, 3.40)
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14044.
[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2007, 3.3]
3.10
civil engineering works
infrastructure
civil engineering project US
construction works (3.12), comprising a structure (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.4), such as a dam (ISO 6707-1:2004,
3.2.24), bridge (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.3.19), road (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.3.1), railway (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.3.3),
runway, utilities, pipeline (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.2.32), or sewerage system (ISO 6707-1:2004, 5.4.40), or
the result of operations such as dredging, earthwork (ISO 6707-1:2004, 7.1.6), geotechnical processes
(3.31.1), but excluding a building (3.7) and its associated site (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.6) works
Note 1 to entry: Associated site works are included in US civil engineering projects.
Note 2 to entry: Derived from the definition of civil engineering works in ISO 6707-1.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.6]
3.11
construction work
construction US
activities of forming construction works (3.12)
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2004, 7.1.1; ISO 15392:2008, 3.7]
3.12
construction works
construction US
everything that is constructed or results from construction operations
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.1; ISO 15392:2008, 3.8]
3.13.1
disposal
transfer of ownership of, or responsibility for, the object of consideration
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.6; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.8]
3.13.2
disposal
transformation of the state of a building (3.7) or facility (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.8) that is no
longer of use
Note 1 to entry: Transformation can include, either individually or in some combination, the decommissioning,
deconstruction, recycling, and demolition of the object of consideration.
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.7; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.9]
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
3.14.1
economic aspect
aspect of construction works (3.12), parts of works, processes (3.31.1) or services related to their life cycle
(3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) that can cause a change to economic conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.9]
3.14.2.1
environmental aspect
aspect of construction works (3.12), parts of works, processes (3.31.1) or services related to their life cycle
(3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) (ISO 14040:2006, 3.1) that can cause a change to the environment
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14001.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.10]
3.14.2.2
environmental aspect
aspect of buildings (3.7), parts of buildings, processes (3.31.1) or services related to their life cycle
(3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) (ISO 14040:2006, 3.1) that can cause a change to the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 21931-1:2010, 3.3]
3.14.3
social aspect
aspect of construction works (3.12), parts of works, processes (3.31.1) or services related to their life cycle
(3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) that can cause a change to society or quality of life
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.19]
3.15.1
environmental declaration
claim which indicates the environmental aspects (3.14.2.1) (3.14.2.2) of any good(s) or service(s)
Note 1 to entry: An environmental declaration may take the form of a statement, symbol, or graphic on a product
(3.32.1.1) (3.32.1.2) or package label, in product literature, in technical bulletins, in advertising or in publicity,
amongst other things.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from the definition of environmental declaration in ISO 14025.
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.11]
3.15.2
Type III environmental declaration
environmental product declaration
EPD
environmental declaration (3.15.1) providing quantified environmental data using predetermined
parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information
Note 1 to entry: The predetermined parameters are based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.
Note 2 to entry: The additional environmental information may be quantitative or qualitative.
[SOURCE: ISO 14025:2006, 3.2, modified — Two additional preferred terms are shown to designate this
concept; ISO 21930:2007, 3.16]
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/TR 21932:2013(E)
3.16
functional performance requirement
type and level of functionality (3.18.2) that is required by stakeholders (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.30) of a
facility (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.8), building (3.7), or other constructed asset (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.1), or of
an assembly (ISO 6707-1:2004, 5.5.5), component (ISO 6707-1:2006, 6.1.3), or product (ISO 6707-1:2006,
6.1.2) thereof, or of a movable asset, for a specific function (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.12; ISO 21929-1:2011, 3.12]
3.17.1
functional unit
quantified performance (3.29.1) of a product system (ISO 14040:2006, 3.27) for a building product (3.32.1.1)
(3.32.3) for use as reference unit in an EPD (3.15.2) based on life cycle assessment (ISO 14040:2006, 3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14040.
[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2007, 3.5]
3.17.2
declared unit
quantity of a building product (3.32.1.1) (3.32.3) for use as a reference unit in an EPD (3.15.2) based
on LCA (ISO 14040:2006, 3.2), for the expression of environmental information needed in information
modules (3.25)
EXAMPLE Mass (kilogram), volume (cubic metre).
Note 1 to entry: The declared unit is used where the function (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.10) and the reference scenario
for the whole life cycle (3.27.1.1) (3.27.1.2) (ISO 14040:2006, 3.1), on the building (3.7) level, cannot be stated.
[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2007, 3.4]
3.17.3
functional equivalent
quantified functional requirements and/or technical requirements for a building (3.7) for use as a
reference basis for comparison
[SOURCE: ISO 21931-1:2010, 3.7]
3.18.1
functionality
suitability or usefulness for a specific purpose or activity
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.13; ISO 21931-1:2010, 3.13]
3.18.2
level of functionality
number indicating the relative functionality (3.18.1) required for a user (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.34), group,
or customer for one topic (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.33) on a predetermined demand scale (ISO 15686-10:2010,
3.26) from the level of the least (functionality) to the level of the most (functionality)
EXAMPLE Scale of integers from 0 to 9.
Note 1 to entry: The level of functionality can be the consequence of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.