ISO 13373-5:2020
(Main)Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 5: Diagnostic techniques for fans and blowers
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 5: Diagnostic techniques for fans and blowers
This document sets out the specific procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of various types of fans and blowers. This document is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians and provides a practical, step-by-step, vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it gives a number of examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms. The approach given in this document is based on established good practice, put together by experienced users, although it is acknowledged that other approaches can exist. Recommended actions for a particular diagnosis depend on individual circumstances, the degree of confidence in the fault diagnosis (e.g. has the same diagnosis been made correctly before for this machine), the experience of the practitioner, the fault type and severity as well as on safety and commercial considerations. It is neither possible nor the aim of this document to recommend actions for all circumstances.
Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des vibrations — Partie 5: Techniques de diagnostic pour ventilateurs et souffleurs
Le présent document définit les modes opératoires spécifiques à prendre en compte lors des diagnostics des comportements vibratoires des divers types de ventilateurs et de souffleurs. Le présent document est destiné aux professionnels, aux ingénieurs et aux techniciens assurant la surveillance de l'état des machines et donne une méthode pratique basée sur les vibrations, détaillée pas-à-pas, pour établir le diagnostic des défauts. En outre, il présente un certain nombre d'exemples couvrant divers types de machines et de composants, et les signes des défauts qui leur sont associés. La méthode fournie par le présent document est basée sur de bonnes pratiques établies, combinées à l'expérience des utilisateurs, bien qu'il soit reconnu que d'autres méthodes peuvent exister. Les actions recommandées pour les diagnostic particuliers dépendent de circonstances isolées, du degré de fiabilité du diagnostic des défauts (par exemple, le même diagnostic correctement établi auparavant pour une machine), de l'expérience du praticien, du type de défaut et de la sévérité, ainsi que des considérations sécuritaires et commerciales. Il n'est pas possible, et cela n'est pas l'objet du présent document, de définir des mesures à prendre dans toutes les circonstances.
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FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 13373-5
ISO/TC 108/SC 2
Condition monitoring and diagnostics
Secretariat: DIN
of machines — Vibration condition
Voting begins on:
2020-03-10 monitoring —
Voting terminates on:
Part 5:
2020-05-05
Diagnostic techniques for fans and
blowers
Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des
vibrations —
Partie 5: Techniques de diagnostic pour ventilateurs et souffleurs
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Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
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©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Measurements . 2
4.1 Vibration measurements . 2
4.2 Machine operational parameter measurements . 2
5 Initial analysis . 2
6 Specific analysis of fans and blowers . 2
Annex A (normative) Systematic approach to vibration analysis of fans and blowers .3
Annex B (informative) Methodology of vibration diagnosis of faults in fans and blowers .8
Annex C (informative) Examples of vibration problems in fans and blowers .11
Bibliography .19
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and
condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock
as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13373 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
Introduction
This document defines the procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of
fans and blowers. It is intended to be used by vibration practitioners, engineers and technicians and
it provides them with useful diagnostic tools. These tools include the use of diagnostic flow charts,
process tables and fault tables. The material contained in this document presents the most basic, logical
and intelligent steps that should be taken when diagnosing problems associated with these particular
types of machines.
The ISO 7919 (rotating shafts), ISO 10816 (non-rotating parts) and ISO 20816 (both rotating shafts and
non-rotating parts) series of International Standards contain acceptable vibration values and zones for
various types and sizes of machines, ranging from new and well-running machines to machines that are
in danger of failing.
ISO 13373-1 presents the basic procedures for vibration narrow-band signal analysis. It includes the
types of transducers used, their ranges and their recommended locations on various types of machines;
on-line and periodic vibration monitoring systems; and potential machinery problems.
ISO 13373-2 includes descriptions of the signal conditioning equipment that is required; time and
frequency domain techniques; and the waveforms and signatures that represent the most common
machinery operating phenomena or machinery faults that are encountered when performing vibration
signature analysis.
ISO 13373-3 provides some procedures to determine the causes of vibration problems common to all
types of rotating machines. It includes systematic approaches to characterize vibration effects; the
diagnostic tools available; which tools are needed for particular applications; and recommendations
on how the tools are to be applied to different machine types and components. However, this does not
preclude the use of other diagnostic techniques.
ISO 17359 indicates that diagnostics:
— can be started as a succeeding activity after detection of an anomaly during monitoring; or
— can be executed synchronously with monitoring from the beginning.
This document considers only the former, in which diagnostics are performed after an anomaly has
been detected. Moreover, it focuses mainly on the use of flow charts and process tables as diagnostic
tools, as well as fault tables, since it is felt that these are the tools that are most appropriate for use by
practitioners, engineers and technicians in the field.
The flow-chart and diagnostic process table methodology presents a structured procedure for a person
in the field to diagnose a fault and find its cause. This step-by-step procedure aims at guiding the
practitioner in the vibration diagnostics of the machine anomaly, in order to reach the probable root
cause of this anomaly.
The fault tables present a list of the most common faults in machinery, as well as their manifestations
in the vibration data. When used with the flow charts, the tables assist with the identification of
machinery faults.
When approaching a machinery problem that manifests itself as a high or erratic vibration signal, the
diagnosis of the problem should be performed in a well thought out, systematic manner. This document,
together with ISO 13373-3, achieves that purpose by providing to the analyst guidance on the selection
of the proper measuring tools, the analysis tools and their use, and the step-by-step recommended
procedures for the diagnosis of problems associated with various types of fans and blowers.
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines —
Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 5:
Diagnostic techniques for fans and blowers
1 Scope
This document sets out the specific procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration
diagnostics of various types of fans and blowers.
This document is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians
and provides a practical, step-by-step, vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it gives a
number of examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms.
The approach given in this document is based on established good practice, put together by
experienced users, although it is acknowledged that other approaches can exist. Recommended actions
for a particular diagnosis depend on individual circumstances, the degree of confidence in the fault
diagnosis (e.g. has the same diagnosis been made correctly before for this machine), the experience of
the practitioner, the fault type and severity as well as on safety and commercial considerations. It is
neither possible nor the aim of this document to define actions for all circumstances.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vocabulary
ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 1: General procedures
ISO 13373-2, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data
ISO 13373-3:2015, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis
ISO 21940-2, Mechanical vibration — Rotor balancing — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 13372 and
ISO 21940-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO/FDIS 13373-5:2020(E)
4 Measurements
4.1 Vibration measurements
Vibration measurements may be obtained using two main categories of transducers:
— non-contacting, e.g. inductive, capacitive and eddy current probes used on rotating shafts; and
— seismic transducers, e.g. accelerometers or velocity transducers used on non-rotating parts, such as
bearing housings.
International Standards are available to help assess the vibration severity for the described types of
measurement, in particular the ISO 7919, ISO 10816 and ISO 20816 series.
Descriptions of transducer and measurement systems as well as specification of techniques are given in
ISO 13373-1 and ISO 13373-2, which shall be considered for appropriate selection.
4.2 Machine operational parameter measurements
Machine operational parameter measurements are operational parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load,
fan orientation (vertical or horizontal), mounting configuration (solid or flexible support arrangement)
and temperatures, that can have an influence on the machine vibration characteristics and are
therefore important to acquire in order to arrive at an appropriate diagnosis. For a given machine, these
parameters can be associated with a range of steady-state and transient operating conditions.
5 Initial analysis
An initial analysis shall be performed in accordance with ISO 13373-3:2015, Annex A. This analysis
should identify safety concerns, th
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13373-5
First edition
2020-06
Condition monitoring and diagnostics
of machines — Vibration condition
monitoring —
Part 5:
Diagnostic techniques for fans and
blowers
Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des
vibrations —
Partie 5: Techniques de diagnostic pour ventilateurs et souffleurs
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Measurements . 2
4.1 Vibration measurements . 2
4.2 Machine operational parameter measurements . 2
5 Initial analysis . 2
6 Specific analysis of fans and blowers . 2
Annex A (normative) Systematic approach to vibration analysis of fans and blowers .3
Annex B (informative) Methodology of vibration diagnosis of faults in fans and blowers .8
Annex C (informative) Examples of vibration problems in fans and blowers .11
Bibliography .19
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and
condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock
as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13373 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document defines the procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of
fans and blowers. It is intended to be used by vibration practitioners, engineers and technicians and
it provides them with useful diagnostic tools. These tools include the use of diagnostic flow charts,
process tables and fault tables. The material contained in this document presents the most basic, logical
and intelligent steps that should be taken when diagnosing problems associated with these particular
types of machines.
The ISO 7919 (rotating shafts), ISO 10816 (non-rotating parts) and ISO 20816 (both rotating shafts and
non-rotating parts) series of International Standards contain acceptable vibration values and zones for
various types and sizes of machines, ranging from new and well-running machines to machines that are
in danger of failing.
ISO 13373-1 presents the basic procedures for vibration narrow-band signal analysis. It includes the
types of transducers used, their ranges and their recommended locations on various types of machines;
on-line and periodic vibration monitoring systems; and potential machinery problems.
ISO 13373-2 includes descriptions of the signal conditioning equipment that is required; time and
frequency domain techniques; and the waveforms and signatures that represent the most common
machinery operating phenomena or machinery faults that are encountered when performing vibration
signature analysis.
ISO 13373-3 provides some procedures to determine the causes of vibration problems common to all
types of rotating machines. It includes systematic approaches to characterize vibration effects; the
diagnostic tools available; which tools are needed for particular applications; and recommendations
on how the tools are to be applied to different machine types and components. However, this does not
preclude the use of other diagnostic techniques.
ISO 17359 indicates that diagnostics:
— can be started as a succeeding activity after detection of an anomaly during monitoring; or
— can be executed synchronously with monitoring from the beginning.
This document considers only the former, in which diagnostics are performed after an anomaly has
been detected. Moreover, it focuses mainly on the use of flow charts and process tables as diagnostic
tools, as well as fault tables, since it is felt that these are the tools that are most appropriate for use by
practitioners, engineers and technicians in the field.
The flow-chart and diagnostic process table methodology presents a structured procedure for a person
in the field to diagnose a fault and find its cause. This step-by-step procedure aims at guiding the
practitioner in the vibration diagnostics of the machine anomaly, in order to reach the probable root
cause of this anomaly.
The fault tables present a list of the most common faults in machinery, as well as their manifestations
in the vibration data. When used with the flow charts, the tables assist with the identification of
machinery faults.
When approaching a machinery problem that manifests itself as a high or erratic vibration signal, the
diagnosis of the problem should be performed in a well thought out, systematic manner. This document,
together with ISO 13373-3, achieves that purpose by providing to the analyst guidance on the selection
of the proper measuring tools, the analysis tools and their use, and the step-by-step recommended
procedures for the diagnosis of problems associated with various types of fans and blowers.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13373-5:2020(E)
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines —
Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 5:
Diagnostic techniques for fans and blowers
1 Scope
This document sets out the specific procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration
diagnostics of various types of fans and blowers.
This document is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians
and provides a practical, step-by-step, vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it gives a
number of examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms.
The approach given in this document is based on established good practice, put together by
experienced users, although it is acknowledged that other approaches can exist. Recommended actions
for a particular diagnosis depend on individual circumstances, the degree of confidence in the fault
diagnosis (e.g. has the same diagnosis been made correctly before for this machine), the experience of
the practitioner, the fault type and severity as well as on safety and commercial considerations. It is
neither possible nor the aim of this document to recommend actions for all circumstances.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vocabulary
ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 1: General procedures
ISO 13373-2, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data
ISO 13373-3:2015, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring —
Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis
ISO 21940-2, Mechanical vibration — Rotor balancing — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 13372 and
ISO 21940-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Measurements
4.1 Vibration measurements
Vibration measurements may be obtained using two main categories of transducers:
— non-contacting, e.g. inductive, capacitive and eddy current probes used on rotating shafts; and
— seismic transducers, e.g. accelerometers or velocity transducers used on non-rotating parts, such as
bearing housings.
International Standards are available to help assess the vibration severity for the described types of
measurement, in particular the ISO 7919, ISO 10816 and ISO 20816 series.
Descriptions of transducer and measurement systems as well as specification of techniques are given in
ISO 13373-1 and ISO 13373-2, which shall be considered for appropriate selection.
4.2 Machine operational parameter measurements
Machine operational parameter measurements are operational parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load,
fan orientation (vertical or horizontal), mounting configuration (solid or flexible support arrangement)
and temperatures, that can have an influence on the machine vibration characteristics and are
therefore important to acquire in order to arrive at an appropriate diagnosis. For a given machine, these
parameters can be associated with a range of steady-state and transient operating conditions.
5 Initial analysis
An initial analysis shall be performed in accordance with ISO 13373-3:2015, Annex A. This analysis
should identify safety concerns, the presence of high vibration and, if so, its vibration severity, past
history, effects of operating parameters, consequences of not taking corrective actions and the need
for a fan shutdown. Other factors such as mounting configuration, position relative to other rotating
machines, building structure, environment, etc. should be considered during an initial analysis. See also
ISO 13373-3:2015, Annexes B to D, for common faults such as from installation and bearing defects.
6 Specific analysis of fans and blowers
This document covers vibration diagnosis information for the most common types of fans and bl
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 13373-5
Première édition
2020-06
Surveillance et diagnostic d'état
des machines — Surveillance des
vibrations —
Partie 5:
Techniques de diagnostic pour
ventilateurs et souffleurs
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration
condition monitoring —
Part 5: Diagnostic techniques for fans and blowers
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2020
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2020
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Mesures . 2
4.1 Mesure des vibrations . 2
4.2 Mesure des paramètres opérationnels de la machine . 2
5 Analyse initiale . 2
6 Analyse spécifique des ventilateurs et des souffleurs . 2
Annexe A (normative) Méthode systématique d'analyse du comportement vibratoire des
ventilateurs et des souffleurs . 4
Annexe B (informative) Méthodologie de diagnostic vibratoire des ventilateurs et des
souffleurs.10
Annexe C (informative) Exemple de problèmes vibratoires des ventilateurs et des souffleurs .13
Bibliographie .22
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos .html.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 108, Vibrations et chocs mécaniques,
et leur surveillance, sous-comité SC 2, Mesure et évaluation des vibrations et chocs mécaniques intéressant
les machines, les véhicules et les structures.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 13373- se trouve sur le site Web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d'expérience ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Le présent document définit les modes opératoires à envisager lors des diagnostics des comportements
vibratoires des ventilateurs et souffleurs. Il est destiné à être utilisé par les professionnels, les
ingénieurs et les techniciens du domaine des vibrations et il leur fournit des outils de diagnostic utiles.
Ces outils comportent des organigrammes de diagnostic, des tableaux de processus et des tableaux
de défauts. Le contenu du présent document présente les mesures les plus fondamentales, logiques et
intelligentes qu'il convient de prendre dans le cadre du diagnostic des problèmes de vibrations liés à ces
types particuliers de machines.
Les séries de Normes internationales ISO 7919 (arbres tournants), ISO 10816 (parties non tournantes)
et ISO 20816 (arbres tournants et parties non tournantes) spécifient les zones et les valeurs de
vibrations acceptables pour divers types et tailles de machines, depuis les machines neuves et en bon
état de fonctionnement jusqu'aux machines menacées de défaillance.
ISO 13373-1 définit des lignes directrices pour les modes opératoires généraux à prendre en compte;
elle inclut les types de capteurs utilisés, leurs plages et les emplacements recommandés sur les divers
types de machines, la surveillance des systèmes vibratoires en ligne et périodiques, ainsi que les
problèmes éventuels de l'équipement.
L'ISO 13373-2 présente des descriptions de l'équipement de conditionnement des signaux requis, les
techniques relatives aux domaines fréquentiel et temporel, et les formes d'ondes et signatures qui
représentent les phénomènes de fonctionnement les plus courants des machines ou les défauts des
machines que l'on rencontre lorsqu'on effectue une analyse des signatures vibratoires.
L'ISO 13373-3 fournit des modes opératoires permettant de déterminer les causes des problèmes
vibratoires communs à tous les types de machines tournantes. Elle inclut des méthodes systématiques
de caractérisation des effets vibratoires, les outils de diagnostic disponibles, les outils nécessaires à des
applications particulières et des recommandations sur la façon d'appliquer les outils à différents types
de machines et différents composants. Cependant, elle n'exclut pas l'utilisation d'autres techniques de
diagnostic.
L’ISO 17359 précise que le diagnostic
— peut être déclenché à l'issue de la détection d'une anomalie au cours de la surveillance, ou
— peut être réalisé de façon synchrone avec la surveillance, dès le début, de celle-ci.
Le présent document ne traite que de la première option, à savoir la réalisation du diagnostic à l'issue de
la détection d'une anomalie. En outre, le présent document se focalise principalement sur l'utilisation
d'organigrammes et de tableaux de processus au titre d'outils de diagnostic, ainsi que sur des tableaux
de défauts, puisque l'on considère que ce sont les outils les plus appropriés pour les professionnels, les
ingénieurs et les techniciens du domaine concerné.
La méthodologie basée sur l'utilisation d'organigrammes et de tableaux de processus propose un mode
opératoire structuré permettant à un professionnel du domaine concerné de diagnostiquer un défaut
et de trouver sa cause. Il convient que ce mode opératoire pas-à-pas guide le professionnel dans le
diagnostic vibratoire des anomalies de la machine afin d'identifier la cause à l'origine de cette anomalie.
Le tableau des défauts présente une liste des défauts les plus répandus sur les machines, ainsi que
leurs manifestations dans les données vibratoires. Lorsqu'ils sont utilisés avec les organigrammes, les
tableaux permettent d'identifier les défauts des machines.
Lorsqu'il s'agit d'aborder un problème de machines se manifestant sous forme d'un signal vibratoire
élevé ou erratique, il convient de procéder au diagnostic d'une manière systématique et réfléchie.
Le présent document associé à l'ISO 13373-3 réalise cet objectif en fournissant à l'analyste des
recommandations sur la sélection des outils de mesure et des outils d'analyse adaptés, ainsi que sur leur
utilisation, et les modes opératoires préconisés présentés sous forme de pas-à-pas pour le diagnostic
des problèmes associés aux divers types de ventilateurs et souffleurs.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 13373-5:2020(F)
Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines —
Surveillance des vibrations —
Partie 5:
Techniques de diagnostic pour ventilateurs et souffleurs
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document définit les modes opératoires spécifiques à prendre en compte lors des diagnostics
des comportements vibratoires des divers types de ventilateurs et de souffleurs.
Le présent document est destiné aux professionnels, aux ingénieurs et aux techniciens assurant la
surveillance de l'état des machines et donne une méthode pratique basée sur les vibrations, détaillée
pas-à-pas, pour établir le diagnostic des défauts. En outre, il présente un certain nombre d'exemples
couvrant divers types de machines et de composants, et les signes des défauts qui leur sont associés.
La méthode fournie par le présent document est basée sur de bonnes pratiques établies, combinées à
l’expérience des utilisateurs, bien qu’il soit reconnu que d’autres méthodes peuvent exister. Les actions
recommandées pour les diagnostic particuliers dépendent de circonstances isolées, du degré de fiabilité
du diagnostic des défauts (par exemple, le même diagnostic correctement établi auparavant pour une
machine), de l’expérience du praticien, du type de défaut et de la sévérité, ainsi que des considérations
sécuritaires et commerciales. Il n’est pas possible, et cela n’est pas l’objet du présent document, de
définir des mesures à prendre dans toutes les circonstances.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants cités dans le texte constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur contenu, des
exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 2041, Vibrations et chocs mécaniques, et leur surveillance — Vocabulaire
ISO 13372, Surveillance et diagnostic de l'état des machines — Vocabulaire
ISO 13373-1, Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des vibrations — Partie 1:
Procédures générales
ISO 13373-2, Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des vibrations — Partie 2:
Traitement, analyse et présentation des données vibratoires
ISO 13373-3:2015, Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Surveillance des vibrations — Partie 3:
Lignes directrices pour le diagnostic des vibrations
ISO 21940-2, Vibrations mécaniques — Équilibrage des rotors — Partie 2: Vocabulaire
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les terms et définitions données dans les ISO 2041, ISO 13372 et
ISO 21940-2 s’appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Mesures
4.1 Mesure des vibrations
La mesure des vibrations peut être réalisée à l'aide de deux catégories principales de capteurs:
— capteurs sans c
...
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