ISO 5946:2022
(Main)Bamboo-based activated carbon — General specifications
Bamboo-based activated carbon — General specifications
This document specifies general requirements and test methods for bamboo-based activated carbon.
Charbon actif à base de bambou — Spécifications générales
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5946
First edition
2022-10
Bamboo-based activated carbon —
General specifications
Charbon actif à base de bambou — Spécifications générales
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification according to size and shape . 2
5 Requirements . 2
5.1 Sensory inspection. 2
5.2 Requirements for physical and chemical properties of bamboo-based activated
carbon . 2
6 Sampling . 3
7 Test methods . 3
7.1 Visual inspection . 3
7.2 Determination of moisture content . 3
7.3 Determination of ash content . 3
7.4 Determination of fixed carbon . 3
7.5 Determination of apparent density . 3
7.6 Determination of abrasion value . 3
7.7 Determination of iodine number . 4
8 Marking and labelling . 4
9 Packaging, transport and storage .4
Annex A (normative) Determination of abrasion value . 5
Annex B (normative) Determination of iodine number . 8
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 296, Bamboo and Rattan.
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iv
Introduction
Activated carbon is a carbonaceous material with a complex porous structure, manufactured from
materials such as coal, wood and coconut shell. It is highly valued for its various applications in the
environment, industry, food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture. These applications include water
treatment and filtration, air and gaseous purification, beverage, fuel storage, solvent recovery, and
electroplating solutions. Bamboo is an alternative renewable source to produce activated carbons. The
rapid growth and development of bamboo-based activated carbons make it necessary to establish an
international standard to guide production, quality requirements, and international trade.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5946:2022(E)
Bamboo-based activated carbon — General specifications
1 Scope
This document specifies general requirements and test methods for bamboo-based activated carbon.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 18122, Solid biofuels — Determination of ash content
ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 3: Moisture
in general analysis sample
ISO 18135, Solid biofuels — Sampling
ISO 1953, Hard coal — Size analysis by sieving
ISO 21625, Vocabulary related to bamboo and bamboo products
ISO 21626-1, Bamboo charcoal — Part 1: Generalities
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21625, ISO 21626-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bamboo-based activated carbon
BAC
carbonaceous material made from carbonization of bamboo materials and activation processing
3.2
granular bamboo-based activated carbon
GBAC
bamboo-based activated carbons with a particle size of >1,0 mm
3.3
powdered bamboo-based activated carbon
PBAC
small bamboo-based activated carbon particles with a size of ≤1,0 mm
3.4
formed bamboo-based activated carbon
FBAC
product made by mixing bamboo charcoal with or without a binder which is extruded at high pressure
into a particular shape and further activation in a specific condition
3.5
abrasion
loss of material from particle surfaces of a solid material or from other surfaces in contact with steel
balls under specified conditions, caused by friction between contacting surfaces
[SOURCE: ISO 1213-2: 2016, 3.1]
3.6
abrasion value
resistance to abrasion (3.5), measured as the percentage of a sample passing through a specified sieve
after tumbling under conditions specified known as ball-pan hardness
[SOURCE: ISO 1213-2:2016, 3.3, modified — the definition has been generalized to apply to bamboo-
based activated carbon]
4 Classification according to size and shape
Bamboo-based activated carbon (BAC) shall be classified as:
a) powdered bamboo-based activated carbon (PBAC);
b) granular bamboo-based activated carbon (GBAC);
c) formed bamboo-based activated carbon (FBAC).
FBAC can be further subdivided into cylinder BAC, bead BAC, cellular BAC, and other forms.
5 Requirements
5.1 Sensory inspection
The product shall appear black with no peculiar smell, contaminant, and foreign matter.
5.2 Requirements for physical and chemical properties of bamboo-based activated
carbon
The bamboo-based activated carbon shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
Table 1 — Requirements for physical and chemical properties of BAC
Entry Item Unit Requirements
1 Moisture content % ≤10,0
2 Ash content % ≤15,0
3 Fixed carbon % ≥70,0
4 Apparent density g/cm ≥250,0
a
5 Abrasion value % ≥80,0
6 Iodine number mg/g ≥500
a
The item is used for GBAC.
6 Sampling
Sampling of bamboo-based activated carbon shall be in accordance with ISO 18135. The sample for
analysis shall be randomly chosen from a batch of bulk products with a minimum mass of 2,0 kg.
7 Test methods
7.1 Visual inspection
Put no less than 100 g of bamboo-based activated carbon on a piece of white paper, then observe and
decide the sample by sense of sight.
7.2 Determination of moisture content
The moisture content shall be determined in accordance with ISO 18134-3.
7.3 Determination of ash content
The ash content shall be determined in accordance with ISO 18122.
7.4 Determination of fixed carbon
The fixed carbon shall be determined in accordance with ISO 21626-1.
7.5 Determination of apparent density
Bamboo-based activated carbon samples shall be oven-dried at (105 ± 2) °C for 3 h to remove moisture
prior to the determination of apparent density. Ground bamboo-based activated carbon samples to
powders or particles if necessary.
Load dry bamboo-based activated carbon samples into the funnel and allow to flow freely through
the discharge orifice into the receiver with a given volume. Enough samples shall be used so that the
samples spill evenly over the side of the receiver. The samples shall then be levelled off using a spatula.
Tap the receiver lightly on the side to settle the samples, and remove any excess samples from its
external wall. The filled receiver shall then be weighed to the nearest 0,01 g. The apparent density shall
then be calculated in compliance with Formula (1):
ρ = (m −m ) / V (1)
a 1 0
where
ρ is the apparent density of bamboo-based activated carbon, expressed in g/cm ;
a
m is the mass of bamboo-based activated carbon samples-filled receiver, expressed in grams;
m is the mass of empty receiver, expressed in grams;
3 3
V is the volume of the receiver, expressed in cm ; usually 100 cm (see ISO 60).
The test shall be repeated three times using fresh samples for each test, and an average result obtained
and rounded to the nearest 0,01 g/cm for reporting, with an error less than 2,0 %. Otherwise, it shall
be re-determined.
7.6 Determination of abrasion value
The abrasion value shall be determined in accordance with Annex A of this document.
7.7 Determination of iodine number
The iodine number shall be determined in accordance with Annex B of this document.
8 Marking and labelling
8.1 The followin
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