ISO/TR 10400:2007

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Equations and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing

ISO/TR 10400:2007 illustrates the equations and templates necessary to calculate the various pipe properties given in International Standards, including pipe performance properties, such as axial strength, internal pressure resistance and collapse resistance, minimum physical properties, product assembly force (torque), product test pressures, critical product dimensions related to testing criteria, critical dimensions of testing equipment, and critical dimensions of test samples. For equations related to performance properties, extensive background information is also provided regarding their development and use. Equations presented in ISO/TR 10400:2007 are intended for use with pipe manufactured in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L, as applicable. These equations and templates may be extended to other pipe with due caution. Pipe cold-worked during production is included in the scope of this Technical Report (e.g. cold rotary straightened pipe). Pipe modified by cold working after production, such as expandable tubulars and coiled tubing, is beyond the scope of this Technical Report. Application of performance property equations in ISO/TR 10400:2007 to line pipe and other pipe is restricted to their use as casing/tubing in a well or laboratory test, and requires due caution to match the heat-treat process, straightening process, yield strength, etc., with the closest appropriate casing/tubing product. Similar caution should be exercised when using the performance equations for drill pipe. ISO/TR 10400:2007 and the equations contained herein relate the input pipe manufacturing parameters in ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5, and ISO 3183 or API 5L to expected pipe performance. The design equations in ISO/TR 10400:2007 are not to be understood as a manufacturing warrantee. Manufacturers are typically licensed to produce tubular products in accordance with manufacturing specifications which control the dimensions and physical properties of their product. Design equations, on the other hand, are a reference point for users to characterize tubular performance and begin their own well design or research of pipe input properties. ISO/TR 10400:2007 is not a design code. It only provides equations and templates for calculating the properties of tubulars intended for use in downhole applications. ISO/TR 10400:2007 does not provide any guidance about loads that may be encountered by tubulars or about safety margins needed for acceptable design. Users are responsible for defining appropriate design loads and selecting adequate safety factors to develop safe and efficient designs. The design loads and safety factors will likely be selected based on historical practice, local regulatory requirements, and specific well conditions. All equations and listed values for performance properties in ISO/TR 10400:2007 assume a benign environment and material properties conforming to ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L. Other environments may require additional analyses, such as that outlined in Annex D. Pipe performance properties under dynamic loads and pipe connection sealing resistance are excluded from the scope of ISO/TR 10400:2007.

Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Équations et calculs relatifs aux propriétés des tubes de cuvelage, des tubes de production, des tiges de forage et des tubes de conduites utilisés comme tubes de cuvelage et tubes de production

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Dec-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Dec-2007
• ICS: 75.180.10 - Exploratory, drilling and extraction equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 67/SC 5 - Casing, tubing and drill pipe
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 67/SC 5/WG 2 - Casing and tubing connections and performance properties
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 31-Aug-2018
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO/TR 10400:2018 - Petroleum and natural gas industries - Formulae and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing
• Effective Date: 20-Jan-2018
• Revises: ISO 10400:1993 - Petroleum and natural gas industries - Formulae and calculation for casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe properties
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 10400
First edition
2007-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Equations and calculations for the
properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and
line pipe used as casing or tubing
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Équations et calculs relatifs
aux propriétés des tubes de cuvelage, des tubes de production, des
tiges de forage et des tubes de conduites utilisés comme tubes de
cuvelage et tubes de production

Reference number
©
ISO 2007
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .2
2.1 Normative references.2
2.2 Units of measurement.2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .3
5 Symbols.5
6 Triaxial yield of pipe body .14
6.1 General .14
6.2 Assumptions and limitations .15
6.3 Data requirements .15
6.4 Design equation for triaxial yield of pipe body .16
6.5 Application of design equation for triaxial yield of pipe body to line pipe .17
6.6 Example calculations.17
7 Ductile rupture of the pipe body .21
7.1 General .21
7.2 Assumptions and limitations .21
7.3 Data requirements .22
7.4 Design equation for capped-end ductile rupture .24
7.5 Adjustment for the effect of axial tension and external pressure.25
7.6 Example calculations.28
8 External pressure resistance .30
8.1 General .30
8.2 Assumptions and limitations .30
8.3 Data requirements .31
8.4 Design equation for collapse of pipe body.31
8.5 Equations for empirical constants .37
8.6 Application of collapse pressure equations to line pipe.38
8.7 Example calculations.39
9 Joint strength.39
9.1 General .39
9.2 API casing connection tensile joint strength .40
9.3 API tubing connection tensile joint strength.46
9.4 Line pipe connection joint strength .47
10 Pressure performance for couplings .47
10.1 General .47
10.2 Internal yield pressure of round thread and buttress couplings.48
10.3 Internal pressure leak resistance of round thread or buttress couplings.49
11 Calculated masses .51
11.1 General .51
11.2 Nominal masses .51
11.3 Calculated plain-end mass .51
11.4 Calculated finished-end mass.52
11.5 Calculated threaded and coupled mass.52
11.6 Calculated upset and threaded mass for integral joint tubing and extreme-line casing .53
11.7 Calculated upset mass.54
11.8 Calculated coupling mass .55
11.9 Calculated mass removed during threading.59
11.10 Calculated mass of upsets .64
12 Elongation .68
13 Flattening tests .68
13.1 Flattening tests for casing and tubing.68
13.2 Flattening tests for line pipe.69
14 Hydrostatic test pressures .70
14.1 Hydrostatic test pressures for plain-end pipe, extreme-line casing and integral joint
tubing .70
14.2 Hydrostatic test pressure for threaded and coupled pipe .70
15 Make-up torque for round thread casing and tubing.72
16 Guided bend tests for submerged arc-welded line pipe.72
16.1 General.72
16.2 Background.74
17 Determination of minimum impact specimen size for API couplings and pipe.74
17.1 Critical thickness .74
17.2 Calculated coupling blank thickness.76
17.3 Calculated wall thickness for transverse specimens .77
17.4 Calculated wall thickness for longitudinal specimens .78
17.5 Minimum specimen size for API couplings.79
17.6 Impact specimen size for pipe.81
17.7 Larger size specimens .81
17.8 Reference information.81
Annex A (informative) Discussion of equations for triaxial yield of pipe body .82
Annex B (informative) Discussion of equations for ductile rupture .95
Annex C (informative) Rupture test procedure .131
Annex D (informative) Discussion of equations for fracture .133
Annex E (informative) Discussion of historical API collapse equations.140
Annex F (informative) Development of probabilistic collapse performance properties.154
Annex G (informative) Calculation of design collapse strength from collapse test data .188
Annex H (informative) Calculation of design collapse strengths from production quality data.191
Annex I (informative) Collapse test procedure.205
Annex J (informative) Discussion of equations for joint strength .210
Annex K (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in SI units.220
Annex L (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in USC units.222
Bibliography .224

iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 10400 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 5, Casing, tubing and
drill pipe.
This first edition of ISO/TR 10400 cancels and replaces ISO 10400:1993, which has been technically revised.
Introduction
Performance design of tubulars for the petroleum and natural gas industries, whether it is formulated by
deterministic or probabilistic calculations, compares anticipated loads to which the tubular may be subjected to
the anticipated resistance of the tubular to each load. Either or both the load and resistance may be modified
by a design factor.
Both deterministic and probabilistic (synthesis method) approaches to performance properties are addressed
in this Technical Report. The deterministic approach uses specific geometric and material property values to
calculate a single performance property value. The synthesis method treats the same variables as random
and thus arrives at a statistical distribution of a performance property. A performance distribution in
combination with a defined lower percentile determines the final design equation.
Both the well design process itself and the definition of anticipated loads are currently outside the scope of
standardization for the petroleum and natural gas industries. Neither of these aspects is addressed in this
Technical Report. Rather, this text serves to identify useful equations for obtaining the resistance of a tubular
to specified loads, independent of their origin. This Technical Report provides limit state equations (see
annexes) which are useful for determining the resistance of an individual sample whose geometry and
material properties are given, and design equations which are useful for well design based on conservative
geometric and material parameters.
Whenever possible, decisions on specific constants to use in a design equation are left to the discretion of the
reader.
vi © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10400:2007(E)

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Equations and
calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and
line pipe used as casing or tubing
1 Scope
This Technical Report illustrates the equations and templates necessary to calculate the various pipe
properties given in International Standards, including
⎯ pipe performance properties, such as axial strength, internal pressure resistance and collapse resistance,
⎯ minimum physical properties,
⎯ product assembly force (torque),
⎯ product test pressures,
⎯ critical product dimensions related to testing criteria,
⎯ critical dimensions of testing equipment, and
⎯ critical dimensions of test samples.
For equations related to performance properties, extensive background information is also provided regarding
their development and use.
Equations presented here are intended for use with pipe manufactured in accordance with ISO 11960 or
API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L, as applicable. These equations and templates may
be extended to other pipe with due caution. Pipe cold-worked during production is included in the scope of this
Technical Report (e.g. cold rotary straightened pipe). Pipe modified by cold working after production, such as
expandable tubulars and coiled tubing, is beyond the scope of this Technical Report.
Application of performance property equations in this Technical Report to line pipe and other pipe is restricted
to their use as casing/tubing in a well or laboratory test, and requires due caution to match the heat-treat
process, straightening process, yield strength, etc., with the closest appropriate casing/tubing product. Similar
caution should be exercised when using the performance equations for drill pipe.
This Technical Report and the equations contained herein relate the input pipe manufacturing parameters in
ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L to expected pipe performance. The
design equations in this Technical Report are not to be understood as a manufacturing warrantee.
Manufacturers are typically licensed to produce tubular products in accordance with manufacturing
specifications which control the dimensions and physical properties of their product. Design equations, on the
other hand, are a reference point for users to characterize tubular performance and begin their own well
design or research of pipe input properties.
This Technical Report is not a design code. It only provides equations and templates for calculating the
properties of tubulars intended for use in downhole applications. This Technical Report does not provide any
guidance about loads that can be encountered by tubulars or about safety margins needed for acceptable
design. Users are responsible for defining appropriate design loads and selecting adequate safety factors to
develop safe and efficient designs. The design loads and safety factors will likely be selected based on
historical practice, local regulatory requirements, and specific well conditions.
All equations and listed values for performance properties in this Technical Report assume a benign
environment and material properties conforming to ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D and
ISO 3183 or API 5L. Other environments may require additional analyses, such as that outlined in Annex D.
Pipe performance properties under dynamic loads and pipe connection sealing resistance are excluded from
the scope of this Technical Report.
Throughout this Technical Report tensile stresses are positive.
2 Conformance
2.1 Normative references
In the interests of worldwide application of this Technical Report, ISO/TC 67 has decided, after detailed
technical analysis, that certain of the normative documents listed in Clause 3 and prepared by ISO/TC 67 or
other ISO Technical Committees are interchangeable in the context of the relevant requirement with the
relevant document prepared by the American Petroleum Institute (API), the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These latter documents are cited in
the running text following the ISO reference and preceded by or, for example, “ISO XXXX or API YYYY”.
Application of an alternative normative document cited in this manner will lead to technical results different
from the use of the preceding ISO reference. However, both results are acceptable and these documents are
thus considered interchangeable in practice.
2.2 Units of measurement
In this Technical Report, data are expressed in both the International System (SI) of units and the United
States Customary (USC) system of units. For a specific order item, it is intended that only one system of units
be used, without combining data expressed in the other system.
For data expressed in the SI, a comma is used as the decimal separator and a space as the thousands
separator. For data expressed in the USC system, a dot (on the line) is used as the decimal separator and a
space as the thousands separator.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3183:2007, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems
ISO 10405, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Care and use of casing and tubing
ISO 11960:2004, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells
ISO 11961, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel drill pipe
ISO 13679, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Procedures for testing casing and tubing connections
ANSI-NACE International Standard TM0177, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress
Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H S Environments
API 5B, Threading, Gauging and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads (US Customary
Units)
API RP 579, Recommended Practice for Fitness-for-Service, January 2000
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

API RP 5C1, Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Casing and Tubing
API RP 5C5, Recommended Practice on Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing Connections
API 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing
API 5D, Specification for Drill Pipe
API 5L:2004, Specification for Line Pipe
BS 7910, Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
Cauchy stress
true stress
force applied to the surface of a body divided by the current area of that surface
4.2
coefficient of variance
dimensionless measure of the dispersion of a random variable, calculated by dividing the standard deviation
by the mean
4.3
design equation
equation which, based on production measurements or specifications, provides a performance property useful
in design calculations
NOTE A design equation can be defined by applying reasonable extremes to the variables in a limit state equation to
arrive at a conservative value of expected performance. When statistically derived, the design equation corresponds to a
defined lower percentile of the resistance probability distribution curve.
4.4
deterministic
approach which assumes all variables controlling a performance property are known with certainty
NOTE Pipe performance properties generally depend on one or more controlling parameters. A deterministic
equation uses specific geometric and material property values to calculate a single performance property value. For
design formulations, this value is the expected minimum.
4.5
ductile rupture
failure of a tube due to internal pressure and/or axial tension in the plastic deformation range
4.6
e
Euler's constant
2,718 281 828
4.7
effective stress
combination of pressure and axial stress used in this Technical Report to simplify equations
NOTE Effective stress as used in this Technical Report does not introduce a distinct, physically defined stress
quantity. Effective stress is a dependent quantity, which is determined as a combination of axial stress, internal pressure,
external pressure and pipe dimensions, and provides a convenient grouping of these terms in some equations. The
effective stress is sometimes called the Lubinski fictitious stress.
4.8
engineering strain
dimensionless measure of the stretch of a deforming line element, defined as the change in length of the line
element divided by its original length
4.9
engineering stress
force applied to the surface of a body divided by the original area of that surface
4.10
fracture pressure
internal pressure at which a tube fails due to propagation of an imperfection
4.11
inspection threshold
maximum size of a crack-like imperfection which is defined to be acceptable by the inspection system
4.12
J-integral
measure of the intensity of the stress-strain field near the tip of a crack
4.13
label 1
dimensionless designation for the size or specified outside diameter that may be used when ordering pipe
4.14
label 2
dimensionless designation for the mass per unit length or wall thickness that may be used when ordering pipe
4.15
limit state equation
equation which, when used with the measured geometry and material properties of a sample, produces an
estimate of the failure value of that sample
NOTE A limit state equation describes the performance of an individual sample as closely as possible, without regard
for the tolerances to which the sample was built.
4.16
logarithmic strain
dimensionless measure of the stretch of a deforming line element, defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio
of the current length of the line element to its original length
NOTE Alternatively, the logarithmic strain can be estimated as the natural logarithm of one plus the engineering
strain.
4.17
mass
label used to represent wall thickness of tube cross section for a given pipe size
4.18
pipe body yield
stress state necessary to initiate yield at any location in the pipe body
4.19
principal stress
stress on a principal plane for which the shear stress is zero
NOTE For any general state of stress at any point, there exist three mutually perpendicular planes at that point on
which shearing stresses are zero. The remaining normal stress components on these three planes are principal stresses.
The largest of these three stresses is called the maximum principal stress.
4 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

4.20
probabilistic method
approach which uses distributions of geometric and material property values to calculate a distribution of
performance property values
4.21
synthesis method
probability approach which addresses the uncertainty and likely values of pipe performance properties by
using distributions of geometric and material property values
NOTE These distributions are combined with a limit state equation to determine the statistical distribution of a
performance property. The performance distribution in combination with a defined lower percentile determines the final
design equation.
4.22
template
procedural guide consisting of equations, test methods and measurements for establishing design
performance properties
4.23
TPI
threads per inch
NOTE 1 thread per inch = 0,039 4 threads per millimetre; 1 thread per millimetre = 25,4 threads per inch.
4.24
true stress-strain curve
plot of Cauchy stress (ordinate) vs. logarithmic strain (abscissa)
4.25
yield
permanent, inelastic deformation
4.26
yield stress bias
ratio of actual yield stress to specified minimum yield stress
5 Symbols
A hand-tight standoff
A empirical constant in historical API collapse equation
c
A area of the weaker connection component at the critical cross section
crit
A critical dimension on guided bend test jig, denoted as dimension A in ISO 3183 or API 5L
gbtj
2 2
A area of the coupling cross section; A = π/4 (W − d )
jc jc 1
A area of the pipe cross section under the last perfect thread
jp
2 2
A area of the pipe cross section; A = π/4 (D − d )
p p
2 2
A average area of the pipe cross section; A = π/4 [D − (D − 2 t ) ]
p ave p ave ave ave c ave
A cross-sectional area of the tensile test specimen in square millimetres (square inches), based on
s
specified outside diameter or nominal specimen width and specified wall thickness, rounded to the
2 2 2 2
nearest 10 mm (0.01 in ), or 490 mm (0.75 in ) whichever is smaller
A maximum diameter at the extreme-line pin seal tangent point
x
a for a limit state equation, the maximum actual depth of a crack-like imperfection; for a design
equation, the maximum depth of a crack-like imperfection that could likely pass the manufacturer’s
inspection system
a imperfection depth associated with a specified inspection threshold, i.e. the maximum depth of a
N
crack-like imperfection that could reasonably be missed by the pipe inspection system. For example,
for a 5 % imperfection threshold inspection in a 12,7 mm (0.500 in) wall thickness pipe,
a = 0,635 mm (0.025 in)
N
a average value of t/D ratios used in the regression
t/D
B specified inside diameter of the extreme-line connection, in accordance with API 5B
B empirical constant in historical API collapse equation
c
B maximum bearing face diameter, special bevel, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
f
b Weibull shape parameter
C empirical constant in historical API collapse equation
c
C random variable that represents model uncertainty
iR
c tube curvature, the inverse of the radius of curvature to the centreline of the pipe
D specified pipe outside diameter
D average outside diameter after cutting
ac
D average pipe outside diameter
ave
D average outside diameter before cutting
bc
D inside diameter of extreme-line box upset, in accordance with API 5B
i
D maximum pipe outside diameter
max
D minimum pipe outside diameter
min
D extreme-line pin critical section outside diameter; D = H + δ − ϕ
p p x
D major diameter, in accordance with API 5B
d pipe inside diameter, d = D − 2t
d inside diameter of the critical section of the extreme-line box; d = I + 2h − ∆ + θ
b b x x
d inside diameter of pin upset, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
iu
d extreme-line specified joint inside diameter, made up
j
d inside diameter at end of upset pipe
ou
d inside diameter based on k t; d = D − 2k t
wall wall wall wall
d diameter at the root of the coupling thread at the end of the pipe in the power-tight position
6 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

E Young’s modulus
E pitch diameter, at centre of coupling
c
E pitch diameter, at end of coupling
ec
E pitch diameter, at plane of seal
s
E pitch diameter, at end of pipe
E pitch diameter at the hand-tight plane, in accordance with API 5B
E pitch diameter, in accordance with API 5B
ec eccentricity
e mass gain due to end finishing
m
F axial force
a
F effective axial force
eff
F empirical constant in historical API collapse equation
c
F axial force at yield, historical API equation
YAPI
f degrees of freedom = N − 1
t
v v
f()x joint probability density function of the variables in x
f root truncation of the pipe thread of API line pipe threads, as follows:
rn
0,030 mm (0.001 2 in) for 27 TPI,
0,046 mm (0.001 8 in) for 18 TPI,
0,061 mm (0.002 4 in) for 14 TPI,
0,074 mm (0.002 9 in) for 11-1/2 TPI,
0,104 mm (0.004 1 in) for 8 TPI
f tensile strength of a representative tensile specimen
u
f tensile strength of a representative tensile specimen from the coupling
uc
f specified minimum tensile strength
umn
f specified minimum tensile strength of the coupling
umnc
f specified minimum tensile strength of the pipe body
umnp
f tensile strength of a representative tensile specimen from the pipe body
up
f yield strength of a representative tensile specimen
y
f equivalent yield strength in the presence of axial stress
yax
f equivalent yield stress in the presence of axial stress
ye
f specified minimum yield strength
ymn
f specified minimum yield strength of the coupling
ymnc
f specified minimum yield strength of the pipe body
ymnp
f specified maximum yield strength
ymx
f yield strength of a representative tensile specimen from the pipe body
yp
G empirical constant in historical API collapse equation
c
G influence coefficient for fracture limit state FAD curve
G influence coefficient for fracture limit state FAD curve
G influence coefficient for fracture limit state FAD curve
G influence coefficient for fracture limit state FAD curve
G influence coefficient for fracture limit state FAD curve
g length of imperfect threads, in accordance with API 5B
v
g()x limit state function
H is the thread height of a round-thread equivalent Vee thread, as follows:
0,815 mm (0.032 1 in) for 27 TPI,
1,222 mm (0.048 1 in) for 18 TPI,
1,755 mm (0.069 1 in) for 14 TPI,
1,913 mm (0.075 3 in) for 11-1/2 TPI,
2,199 6 mm (0.086 60 in) for 10 TPI,
2,749 6 mm (0.108 25 in) for 8 TPI
Ht decrement factor, as given in Table F.9
des
Ht a decrement factor
ult
H maximum extreme-line root diameter at last perfect pin thread
x
h buttress thread height: 1,575 for SI units, 0.062 for USC units
B
h stress-strain curve shape factor
n
h round thread height
s
h minimum box thread height for extreme-line casing, as follows:
x
1,52 mm (0.060 in) for 6 TPI
2,03 mm (0.080 in) for 5 TPI
4 4
I moment of inertia of the pipe cross section; I = π/64 (D − d )
4 4
I average moment of inertia of the pipe cross section; I = π/64 (D − (D − 2 t ) )
ave ave ave c ave
I length from the face of the buttress thread coupling to the base of the triangle in the hand-tight
B
position: 10,16 mm (0.400 in) for Label 1: 4-1/2; 12,70 mm (0.500 in) for sizes between Label 1: 5
and Label 1: 13-3/8, inclusive; and 9,52 mm (0.375 in) for sizes greater than Label 1: 13-3/8
I minimum extreme-line crest diameter of box thread at Plane H
x
J distance from end of pipe to centre of coupling in power-tight position, in accordance with API 5B
J fracture resistance of the material
Ic
8 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

J fracture resistance of the material in a particular environment
Imat
4 4
J polar moment of inertia of the pipe cross section; J = π/32 (D − d )
p p
J stress intensity ratio based on the J-Integral
r
K stress intensity factor at the crack tip
K fracture toughness of a material in a particular environment
Imat
K ratio of internal pressure stress to yield strength, or p D/(2 f t)
p i ymnp
K stress intensity ratio
r
k variable intermediate term in ISO 13679 or API RP 5C5 representation of von Mises yield criterion
A
k burst strength factor, having the numerical value 1,0 for quenched and tempered (martensitic
a
structure) or 13Cr products and 2,0 for as-rolled and normalized products based on available test
data; and the default value set to 2,0 where the value has not been measured. The value of k can
a
be established for a specific pipe material based on testing
k variable intermediate term in ISO 13679 or API RP 5C5 representation of von Mises yield criterion
B
k variable intermediate term in ISO 13679 or API RP 5C5 representation of von Mises yield criterion
C
k constant used in elastic collapse equation
c
k correction factor based on pipe deformation and material strain hardening, having the numerical
dr
n+1 n+1
value [(1/2) + (1/√3) )]
k bias factor for elastic collapse
e
k down-rating factor for design elastic collapse
e des
k elongation constant, equal to 1942,57 for SI units and 625 000 for USC units
el
k calibration factor for ultimate elastic collapse, 1,089
e uls
k factor used to determine minimum wall thickness for transverse impact specimens:
i
1,00 for full-size specimens
0,75 for three-quarter size specimens
0,50 for one-half size specimens
k length conversion factor, equal to 0,001 for SI units and 1/12 for USC units
lsl
k mass correction factor, 1,000 for carbon steel, 0,989 for martensitic chromium steel
m
−4 −1 −7 −1
k stress conversion factor, equal to 1,18 × 10 MPa for SI units and 8.12 × 10 psi for USC units
n
k upper quadrant geometry factor in ISO 13679 or API RP 5C5 representation of von Mises yield
pi
criterion
k lower quadrant geometry factor in ISO 13679 or API RP 5C5 representation of von Mises yield
po
criterion
k factor to account for the specified manufacturing tolerance of the pipe wall. For example, for a
wall
tolerance of −12,5 %, k = 0,875
wall
k mass per unit length conversion factor, equal to 0,024 661 5 for SI units and 10.69 for USC units
wpe
k bias factor for yield collapse
y
k down-rating factor for design yield collapse
y des
k calibration factor for ultimate yield collapse, 0,991 1
y uls
L length
L minimum length of full crest threads from end of pipe, in accordance with API 5B
c
L length of pipe including end finish
ef
L engaged thread length, [= L − M] for nominal make-up, in accordance with API 5B
et 4
L length from end of pipe to start of taper, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
eu
L length of pin upset, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
iu
L length of a standard piece of pipe
j
L load ratio
r
L length from the end of the pipe to the hand-tight plane, in accordance with API 5B
L length of perfect threads, in accordance with API 5B
M specified outside diameter of the extreme-line connection; length from the face of the coupling to the
hand-tight plane for line pipe and for round thread casing and tubing, in accordance with API 5B
M bending moment
b
m coupling mass
c
m coupling mass of buttress thread casing
cB
m coupling mass removed by special bevel
crsb
m coupling mass with special bevel
csb
m length of box upset taper, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
eu
m external upset mass
exu
m external-internal upset mass
eiu
m integral joint mass removed by threading and recessing
irt
m internal upset mass
inu
m length of pin upset taper, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
iu
m pin mass removed by threading
prt
m extreme-line pin upset mass
xbu
m extreme-line pin upset mass
xpu
m extreme-line mass removed by threading and recessing
xrt
m mass removed by threading
rt
10 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

mu model uncertainty
N number of thread turns make-up
N coupling length, in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT
L
N number of tests
t
n dimensionless hardening index used to obtain a curve fit (see B.2.3.3) of the true stress-strain curve
derived from the uniaxial tensile test
O minimum diameter at the extreme-line box seal tangent point
x
ov ovality
P joint strength
j
p thread pitch
3,175 mm (0.125 in) for round thread casing
5,080 mm (0.200 in) for buttress thread casing
p collapse pressure
c
p collapse pressure in the presence of internal pressure
ci
p design collapse pressure
des
p design collapse pressure corrected for internal pressure
desi
p collapse pressure corrected for axial stress and internal pressure
des e
p elastic collapse term
e
p elastic collapse pressure difference
ec
p design elastic collapse term
e des
p ultimate elastic collapse term
e ult
p pressure for elastic collapse
E
p hydrostatic test pressure
ht
p internal pressure
i
p internal pressure at fracture
iF
p internal pressure at leak
iL
p internal pressure at ductile rupture of an end-capped pipe
iR
p p adjusted for axial load and external pressure
iRa iR
p internal pressure at yield for a thin tube
iYAPI
p internal pressure at yield for coupling
iYc
p internal pressure at yield for a capped-end thick tube
iYLc
p internal pressure at yield for an open-ended thick tube
iYLo
p external pressure
o
p ultimate external pressure for collapse
o ult
p pressure for plastic collapse
P
p pressure for average plastic collapse
Pav
p pressure for transition collapse
T
p ultimate collapse pressure
ult
p yield collapse term
y
p yield collapse pressure difference
yc
p design yield collapse term
y des
p through-wall von Mises yield pressure difference
yM
p pressure for yield strength collapse
Yp
p Tresca yield pressure for collapse
y Tresca
p ultimate yield collapse term
y ult
p von Mises yield pressure for collapse
y vme
Q diameter of coupling recess, in accordance with API 5B
r radial coordinate, (d/2) u r u (D/2)
rs residual stress (compression at ID face is negative)
S distance between flattening plates
S standard error of estimate of the regression equation
p
s root truncation of the pipe thread of round threads, 0,36 mm (0.014 in) for 10 TPI, 0,43 mm (0.017 in)
rn
for 8 TPI
s standard deviation of t/D ratios used in the regression
t/D
T applied torque
T taper (on diameter)
d
t specified pipe wall thickness
t actual average pipe wall thickness disregarding crack-like imperfections
ave
t actual average pipe wall thickness
c ave
t maximum pipe wall thickness
c max
t minimum pipe wall thickness
c min
12 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

t actual maximum pipe wall thickness disregarding crack-like imperfections
max
t actual minimum pipe wall thickness disregarding crack-like imperfections
min
t tolerance interval corresponding to a confidence level of p that the pr
...

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 10400
First edition
2007-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Equations and calculations for the
properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and
line pipe used as casing or tubing
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel -- Équations et calculs relatifs
aux propriétés des tubes de cuvelage, des tubes de production, des
tiges de forage et des tubes de conduites utilisés comme tubes de
cuvelage et tubes de production

Reference number
©
ISO 2007
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