ISO/IEC 19798:2017
(Main)Information technology — Office equipment — Method for the determination of toner cartridge yield for colour printers and multi-function devices that contain printer components
Information technology — Office equipment — Method for the determination of toner cartridge yield for colour printers and multi-function devices that contain printer components
The scope of ISO/IEC 19798:2017 is limited to evaluation of toner cartridge page yield for toner-containing cartridges (i.e. all-in-one toner cartridges and toner cartridges without a photoconductor) for colour electrophotographic print systems. This document can also be applied to the printer component of any multifunctional device that has a digital input printing path, including multi-function devices that contain electrophotographic printer components. ISO/IEC 19798:2017 is only intended for the measurement of toner cartridge page yield when printing on plain paper using cyan, magenta, yellow and black toner cartridges. No other claims can be made from this testing regarding quality, reliability, etc. ISO/IEC 19798:2017 is not for use with printers whose minimum printable size is equal to or greater than A3 or for photo-only printers. NOTE 1 Application of this document for yield measurement of toner replenishment systems (i.e. toner cartridge and bottle type systems where the toner reservoir is internal to the printing system and not user-replaceable) requires some procedural modifications specifically noted herein. This document is intended for equipment used in the office space and does not apply to production volume or large format printing machines where the major cost of ownership is not caused by the consumable yield measured in this document. NOTE 2 An all-in-one toner cartridge is a cartridge that includes at least: a toner containment part, a photoreceptor part and a developer part (see ISO/IEC 29142‑1).
Technologies de l'information — Équipements de bureau — Méthode pour la détermination du rendement de cartouche de toner pour les imprimantes couleur et pour les dispositifs multifonctionnels qui contiennent des composants d'imprimantes
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19798
Third edition
2017-01
Information technology — Office
equipment — Method for the
determination of toner cartridge
yield for colour printers and multi-
function devices that contain printer
components
Technologies de l’information — Équipements de bureau — Méthode
pour la détermination du rendement de cartouche de toner pour
les imprimantes couleur et pour les dispositifs multifonctionnels qui
contiennent des composants d’imprimantes
Reference number
ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
ISO/IEC 2017
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Test parameters and conditions ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1 Set-up .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.2 Sample size ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.3 Print mode .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.4 Print environment ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.5 Paper ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.6 Maintenance .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
4.7 Test files ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.8 End of life ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5 Test methodology ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
5.1 Testing procedure ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5.2 Procedure for handling a defective cartridge or printer ..................................................................................... 6
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2.2 Defective cartridge ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2.3 Defective printer .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
6 Determination of the yield value and declaration ............................................................................................................ 7
6.1 Determination of the declared yield value ...................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Test data reporting .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
6.3 Declaration of the yield .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Annex A (informative) Examples of fade .......................................................................................................................................................10
Annex B (informative) Flow chart ........................................................................................................................................................................11
Annex C (normative) Sample reporting form ...........................................................................................................................................13
Annex D (normative) Optional method for comparison of colour to ISO/IEC 19752 .....................................17
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 28, Office
equipment.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 19798:2007), of which it constitutes
a minor revision with the following changes:— The definitions for 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 have been aligned with ISO/IEC 19752:2016.
— For the sample size in 4.2 ‘at least’ has been inserted.— 4.8 has been added as a subclause containing information previously given in notes to entry in 3.5;
— ISO 29142-1 has been added to the Bibliography.iv © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide a process for determining the cartridge page yield for a given
colour electrophotographic print system (i.e. all-in-one toner cartridges and toner cartridges without
a photoconductor) using a standard office consumer type test suite. This test suite is not focused on
printing of photographs, but is intended to be a sampling of typical office consumer pages. In the case
where a cartridge set can be used in multiple printer models, only one yield test needs to be performed
as long as the difference between printer models does not impact yield.NOTE A cartridge supplier can choose to use more than one market identifier for a single physical cartridge.
In this case, only one yield test is required as long as there are no differences in the cartridges other than market
identifiers.This document prescribes the following:
— the test method that manufacturers, test labs, etc. use to determine cartridge yield;
— the method for determination of declared yield values from the test results;— the appropriate method of describing the yield of cartridges in the documentation supplied to the
consumer by the manufacturer.The cartridge yield is determined by an end of life judgment, or signalled with either of two phenomena:
fade caused by depletion of the useable toner in the cartridge or automatic printing stop caused by a
toner out detection function.This document will be used for the measurement of one of the contributions to cost per page (CPP). This
document does not directly measure CPP, only the yield of the magenta, cyan, yellow and black toner
cartridges. In most cases, these are not the only contributors to the CPP. It is beyond the scope of this
document to provide a methodology for calculation of CPP.© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
Information technology — Office equipment — Method
for the determination of toner cartridge yield for colour
printers and multi-function devices that contain printer
components
1 Scope
The scope of this document is limited to evaluation of toner cartridge page yield for toner-containing
cartridges (i.e. all-in-one toner cartridges and toner cartridges without a photoconductor) for colour
electrophotographic print systems. This document can also be applied to the printer component of
any multifunctional device that has a digital input printing path, including multi-function devices that
contain electrophotographic printer components.This document is only intended for the measurement of toner cartridge page yield when printing on
plain paper using cyan, magenta, yellow and black toner cartridges. No other claims can be made from
this testing regarding quality, reliability, etc.This document is not for use with printers whose minimum printable size is equal to or greater than A3
or for photo-only printers.NOTE 1 Application of this document for yield measurement of toner replenishment systems (i.e. toner
cartridge and bottle type systems where the toner reservoir is internal to the printing system and not user-
replaceable) requires some procedural modifications specifically noted herein. This document is intended for
equipment used in the office space and does not apply to production volume or large format printing machines
where the major cost of ownership is not caused by the consumable yield measured in this document.
NOTE 2 An all-in-one toner cartridge is a cartridge that includes at least: a toner containment part, a
photoreceptor part and a developer part (see ISO/IEC 29142-1).2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 24712, Colour test pages for measurement of office equipment consumable yield
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
fade
phenomenon whereby a noticeable reduction in density uniformity in the bars around the sides of the
diagnostic page occursNote 1 to entry: This does not have to be a distinct gap.
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
Note 2 to entry: In this test, fade is defined as a noticeably lighter area, 3 mm or greater, located in the bars
around the diagnostic page of the test suite. Generally, the lightening will occur parallel to the paper movement
direction during printing. The determination of the change in lightness is to be made referenced to the 100th
page (diagnostic page) printed for each cartridge in testing. For examples of fade, consult Annex A.
3.2shake procedure
specified method to carry out shaking of a cartridge according to the user manual
Note 1 to entry: If a shake procedure is used in testing, it will be noted in the report.
3.3toner low
signal generated by the printer when it has been detected that the amount of toner is such that a toner
change will be required soonNote 1 to entry: It does not indicate that the system is out of toner.
3.4
toner out
signal generated by the printer when the toner in the system is depleted and the printer is incapable of
reliable printing without user interventionNote 1 to entry: For the purpose of this test, the toner out signal will only be used if it causes the printer to stop
printing and requires toner replacement to continue printing.3.5
end of life
when the printer declares “toner out” (3.4) or when fade (3.1) is observed
3.6
individual cartridge yield
value determined by counting the number of diagnostic pages (page 5 of the ISO/IEC 24712 test suite)
printed between cartridge installation and end of life (3.5) and multiplying by 5
Note 1 to entry: If the printer stops due to toner out (3.4) in the middle of a test page suite, the number of the
diagnostic pages printed is counted. Then, the first diagnostic page of the suspended print job is included in the
subsequent cartridge yield. The number of test page suites counted may contain some pages that show visible
fade (3.1). To simplify the testing, determination of end of life (3.5) is only made on the diagnostic page (page 5).
3.7declared cartridge yield
value at or below the lower 90 % confidence bound as prescribed in 6.1 and 6.3
4 Test parameters and conditions
4.1 Set-up
Place the printer on a horizontal surface and set up the printer according to the installation guide
provided in the printer user’s manual. Use the most recent printer driver available from the
manufacturer’s website or the supplied driver with the printer. The driver version will be specified
on the test report. Cartridge installation shall be completed following the instructions in the cartridge
installation guide. If there is a contradiction between the printer and cartridge manuals for the
cartridge installation, the cartridge manual will take precedence except if changes are recommended
for printer or driver settings.If the cartridges used in testing are toner replenishment or toner bottle types, then one set of toner
cartridges will be used to end of life in each printer before the start of the test. The pages printed to
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
deplete these priming cartridges do not have to be recorded and printing can be conducted at any
environment. The priming cartridges are used to bring the printing system to a set toner level condition.
NOTE 1 The cartridges used to bring the printing system to a set toner level condition do not have to start out
full. For large capacity systems, using a complete cartridge could result in tens of thousands of pages printed just
to bring the system to a set condition.All image and print quality modifiers shall be at their factory pre-set configuration for the printer and
default installed condition for the driver. If the printer and driver differ, then the driver defaults shall
be used. Any user selectable toner conservation modes shall be disabled during testing. If auto media
detection is available on the printer, it shall be disabled and media-type set to plain paper. This is to
avoid inaccurate sensing of the media.For printers that default to duplex printing, the default shall be overridden and the printer be set to
simplex for yield testing.If the printer under test uses an internal PDF interpreter, it is okay to use it as long as the printer defaults
are set to not substitute fonts. If the internal interpreter is used, this shall be noted on the report.
To assure that the test page is printed correctly, any page size modifiers such as “Fit to Page” and font
substitution shall be turned off. If the option exists, rendering of graphics shall be performed by the
printer, not the application software or operating system. The files shall be printed using the fonts
embedded in the file and shall be printed on the page in a size corresponding to the dimensions in the
test suite standard (see ISO/IEC 24712). Page placement modifiers such as page centring can be used to
place the image properly on the page. If available, any colour management shall be set to the printer and
driver installed defaults. If there is a question about rendering settings affecting the yield, the setting
shall be noted in the report.NOTE 2 The application software (i.e. Adobe Reader™ ), printer driver and printer can have page size
modifier functions, such as “Fit to Page”. Make sure that all of these functions are disabled.
4.2 Sample sizeThe sample size shall be determined such that for each calculated yield value, a minimum of nine
physical cartridge sets are tested using a minimum of three printers. An equal number of cartridge sets
shall be tested on each printer. For example, three sets of cartridges could be tested on three printers
with each printer using three sets of cartridges. In the case of a typical four-colour printer with four
single-colour cartridges, this would result in at least 36 cartridges being tested, 9 black (K), 9 cyan (C),
9 magenta (M) and 9 yellow (Y).When testing additional engines and cartridges above the minimum, an effort shall be made to test
equal number of cartridges on each engine. For example, if an additional engine were to be tested, then
the minimum number of cartridges to be tested would be 48 (3 cartridges × 4 colours × 4 engines) for a
four-cartridge system.When testing cartridges for a commercially available product, it is recommended that cartridges and
printers be procured from various sources, or sampled from different production lots. The printers and
cartridges shall be within their useful life as stated in their user’s manual.It is recommended that additional engines and/or cartridges be used in testing to allow for the
possibility of a cartridge and/or printer failure during testing.4.3 Print mode
For reporting cartridge yield, the test will be run in semi-continuous simplex printing and set in the
driver default print mode. Each copy of the test suite shall be printed as a separate five page print job.
This shall allow for some intra-job calibration and/or servicing to take place. Pauses can take place due
1) Adobe Reader™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
to paper refills and idle time due to end of work days. Every attempt shall be made to have printing be
continuous from the start of a cartridge to the end of cartridge life. If the printer is powered down at
the end of day during testing, this shall be noted on the test report.Colour electrophotographic printers commonly need to calibrate the printing system after a number
of prints, or when the device has been powered down or not used for a given amount of time. This
calibration uses toner that could have been used to print additional pages. It is realized that customers
do not normally print in a continuous fashion, but these changes are made to decrease testing time and
increase the repeatability of the testing process. Depending on use conditions, the yield experienced by
a given customer may vary significantly from the yield measured by this test method.
4.4 Print environmentThe temperature and humidity can have a profound effect on test results. For this reason, the test shall
be carried out according to the following test conditions:Temperature: Testing room average 23,0 °C ± 2 °C
Readings to be made with a running average of 1 h with readings
recorded at least every 15 min; all running average temperatures are
to be between 20,0 °C and 26,0 °C.
Relative humidity (RH): Testing room average 50 % ± 10 % RH
Readings to be made with a running average of 1 h with readings re-
corded at least every 15 min; all running average RHs are to be
between 35 % and 65 %.
EXAMPLE An example of the calculation of the temperature is shown below for temperature readings taken
on 15 min intervals for the testing of one cartridge.t t t t t t t t t t t t Testing room average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Temperature 24,0 23,4 20,5 24,2 23,6 22,0 25,5 24,7 22,1 20,8 22,0 23,5
23,0
Running average N/A N/A N/A 23,0 22,9 22,6 23,8 24,0 23,6 23,3 22,4 22,1
Running Average at T = (t + t + t + t )/4
i i−3 i−2 i−1 i
Testing Room Average = (t + t + … + t )/12
1 2 12
From this, the testing room average would be 23,0 °C, the maximum running average
reading 24,0 °C and the minimum running average reading 22,1 °C. These values can
be found highlighted in the table of temperature measurements. It shall be notedthat the testing room average for both temperature and RH are averages of all meas-
urements, not the running averages.Environmental conditions shall be included in the test report. The maximum and minimum running
averages for temperature and humidity shall be reported for each cartridge tested. See Annex C for a
sample reporting form.All materials shall be temperature acclimated to the test room environment. Prior to testing, the
printer, paper and cartridges shall be acclimated to the above conditions for a minimum of 8 h. Before
acclimation, packaging and shipping materials shall be opened with care taken to prevent damage to
the cartridges during acclimation. Paper may be acclimated in the ream wrapper.Any water condensation shall be avoided when printer, paper and cartridges are carried in the test
environment.4.5 Paper
The paper used in this test shall represent a common medium weight paper and shall conform to the
printer’s list of approved papers. The paper manufacturer, weight and size, A4 or equivalent, used
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
in the test will be noted on the report. If auto media detection is available on the printer, it shall be
disabled and the media type set to plain paper. The auto-detect process can have an effect on the yield
performance.4.6 Maintenance
Printer maintenance shall be performed per the printer and cartridge user’s manual.
NOTE Examples of common maintenance performed during testing could include replacement of transfer
belts or fuser units.4.7 Test files
The test files are outlined and specified in ISO/IEC 24712. The test shall be conducted using the
most recent official electronic test files as the input. The most recent official file can be located at
ht t p:// st and ar d s .iso .org/ ittf/ PubliclyAvailableStandards/ SC28 _Test _Pages/ . Failure to use the exact
file specifications will invalidate test results. In addition to the test file, a publicly available PDF Reader
will be used in conjunction with the latest version of the printer driver to generate the printer input and
send the files directly to the printer. The method used for connection between the host computer and
the printer shall be recorded on the test report. For automated testing, a pre-generated print file can be
used if the results are equivalent to direct printing methods. This will be recorded on the test report.
The version of the test file, the printer driver version and the PDF Reader version will be included in
the test report. The printer under test may use an internal PDF interpreter as long as the test file fonts
are not substituted from the original PDF. If an internal interpreter is used, this shall be noted on the
report. The proper size for each of the pages in the test suite is specified in ISO/IEC 24712.
There are several PDF reader versions available; each version can have an impact on the yield results. It
is recommended that the latest version of the chosen PDF reader be used for testing.
To reduce test variability due to other programs, it is recommended that test file generation be
conducted on a printer with a “clean” install of the operating system with only the printer driver, PDF
reader and any test control software installed. Testing has shown that old installed drivers from the
same or different printers can affect the yield results.To allow for automated testing, the complete original ISO/IEC PDF test file may be encapsulated
within a secondary file in order to be compatible with automated print systems. This method shall be
documented and the resulting print shall be proven to be equivalent in operate with sending the PDF
file directly to the printer via a PC host. To aid in counting and tracking pages, a header or footer can
be added to the test page. Every attempt shall be made to reduce the size of this addition to minimize
the effect on calculated yield. If this information is included in the test pages, it shall be documented
in the test report. If this header or footer is added to the test pages, it shall be noted on the test report.
The host computer environment such as Operating System (OS), RAM size, CPU type and application
software may affect the yield test results. The computer environment recommended by the printer’s
user manual shall be used for the test. All of this information will be recorded on the test report.
4.8 End of lifeIf the printer is equipped with a toner out device, then end of life occurs when the printer declares toner
out. However, when fade occurs before toner out and no shake procedure is specified, then end of life
is declared at the fade. If a shake procedure is specified for a printer with a toner out device, then up to
two shake procedures can be executed when fade occurs before toner out. In this case, if fade occurs
after two shake procedures but before toner out, then end of life is declared at the third fade. If toner
out occurs at any time during testing, the cartridge is considered to be at end of life.
When shake procedures have been performed during the test, the test report will note for both the first
and second shake procedures whether they were done at toner low or at fade. Any faded pages printed
during the test are to be excluded from the cartridge page count.© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/IEC 19798:2017(E)
The general intent of this definition is to allow two shake procedures near end of life and to declare
end of life at the first fade after the two shake procedures. Nomin...
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