ISO/TR 23786:2019
(Main)Road vehicles — Solutions for remote access to vehicle — Criteria for risk assessment
Road vehicles — Solutions for remote access to vehicle — Criteria for risk assessment
This document identifies criteria that can be considered for assessing the risks related to solutions for remote access to road vehicles, including extended vehicles (ExVe) and their implementation. Internal communication within the vehicle or the ExVe is out of the scope of this document. Cybersecurity risks related to the VM infrastructure (except the elements that are part of the extended vehicle) and the road-side equipment are out of the scope of this document. The criteria identified in this document are also applicable in the case of a risk assessment related to the specification of remote communication solutions, for example a technical standard. The list of criteria that is provided can be considered as sufficiently comprehensive but not exhaustive, from a global point of view, to allow coherent risk mitigation, if such mitigation is necessary. This document does not suggest nor specify any methodology for performing a risk assessment. It does not aim at replacing any methodology, technical specification or standard relative to one or other specific type of risks (for example cyber security risks).
Véhicules routiers — Solutions relatives à l'accès à distance du véhicule — Critères d'évaluation des risques
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 23786
First edition
2019-11
Road vehicles — Solutions for remote
access to vehicle — Criteria for risk
assessment
Véhicules routiers — Solutions relatives à l'accès à distance du
véhicule — Critères d'évaluation des risques
Reference number
ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Handling the risks . 3
5.1 Risk categories . 3
5.2 Performing the risk assessment . 3
5.3 Risk assessment in the case of an RCS-specification . 3
6 Assessment of the risks related to the safety of persons and goods during the
vehicle life cycle . 4
6.1 List of safety risks . 4
6.2 Remarks related to the assessment of the safety risks. 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 Potential overload of the electronic system of the moving vehicle . 5
6.2.3 Illicit or malicious remote control of the vehicle or vehicles . 5
6.2.4 Other safety risks resulting from cybersecurity issues or problems . 6
6.2.5 Absence of consideration of the complete vehicle life cycle. . 6
7 Assessment of the cybersecurity risks related to the vehicle remote communication
system . 7
7.1 Cybersecurity risks . 7
7.2 Remarks related to the assessment of the cybersecurity risks . 7
7.2.1 General considerations related to cybersecurity risks . 7
7.2.2 General considerations related to misuse prevention measures . 7
8 Assessment of the risks associated to the fair competition among the concerned actors .8
8.1 List of competition risks . 8
8.2 Remarks related to the assessment of the competition risks . 8
8.2.1 Involved actors . 8
8.2.2 Risk related to the monitoring of the market . 8
8.2.3 Possible unique knowledge of the customer’s behaviour through monitoring, . 9
8.2.4 Risks related to the development of new after-sales applications .10
8.2.5 Competition risks among manufacturers .10
9 Assessment of the risks related to the responsibility and liability of the concerned
actors .10
10 Assessment of the risks related to the protection of the resources owned by the
resource owner (data protection) .10
Annex A (informative) Template proposal for assessing a possible risk .11
Bibliography .12
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 31,
Data communication.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
Introduction
The development of one of the remote communication solutions that ISO/TC22/SC31/WG6 was in
charge of revealed several concerns about possible risks related to safety, security, competition,
responsibility, and data protection that may originate from that solution.
To address these concerns, a list of criteria was first developed to be taken into account, independently
of the considered solution. ISO/TC22/SC31/WG6 then decided to perform a risk assessment of any
interface solution under its responsibility. This task was achieved based on the expertise of its expert
members.
The aim of this document is to capitalize the achieved work in order to:
— Allow any ISO working group to use that list if they so want without having to redo the complete work.
— Allow stakeholders to conduct a risk analysis on remote communication solutions utilizing the basis
of a comprehensive and consolidated document produced by international experts and referring, as
necessary, to complementary specific documents.
The proposed list of possible risks does not pretend to be exhaustive and its users are kindly invited
to refer as much as possible to the more detailed work performed in other ISO working groups (for
example, regarding the risks related to cyber-security, they are invited to refer to the work performed
in ISO TC22/SC32/WG11).
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
Road vehicles — Solutions for remote access to vehicle —
Criteria for risk assessment
1 Scope
This document identifies criteria that can be considered for assessing the risks related to solutions for
remote access to road vehicles, including extended vehicles (ExVe) and their implementation.
Internal communication within the vehicle or the ExVe is out of the scope of this document.
Cybersecurity risks related to the VM infrastructure (except the elements that are part of the extended
vehicle) and the road-side equipment are out of the scope of this document.
The criteria identified in this document are also applicable in the case of a risk assessment related to
the specification of remote communication solutions, for example a technical standard.
The list of criteria that is provided can be considered as sufficiently comprehensive but not exhaustive,
from a global point of view, to allow coherent risk mitigation, if such mitigation is necessary.
This document does not suggest nor specify any methodology for performing a risk assessment.
It does not aim at replacing any methodology, technical specification or standard relative to one or
other specific type of risks (for example cyber security risks).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
extended vehicle
ExVe
entity, still in accordance with the specifications of the vehicle manufacturer, that extends beyond the
physical boundaries of the road vehicle and consists of the road vehicle, off-board systems, external
interfaces, and the data communication between the road-vehicle and the off-board systems
[SOURCE: ISO 20077-1:2017, 3.5, modified — The term ExVe has been added.]
3.2
remote communication solution specification
RCS-specification
set of technical specifications for a remote communication solution
[3]
EXAMPLE ISO 20078-1:2019 Road vehicles — Extended vehicle (ExVe) ‘web services’ — Part 1: ExVe content .
Note 1 to entry: A technical standard can be considered as RCS-specification.
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
3.3
web service
software system, with an interface described in a machine-processable format, and designed to support
interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
[SOURCE: ISO 20077-1:2017, 3.21]
3.4
accessing party
party that accesses resources (3.7) via web services (3.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019, 3.1.6, modified — The notes to entry have been deleted and the word
entity has been substituted by party.]
3.5
authorisation provider
entity at the offering party that manages the access rights to resources (3.7) and resource owner (3.9)
information
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019, 3.1.9, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.6
identity provider
entity responsible for authentication (identification) of users, through the use of credentials
Note 1 to entry: Offering party confirms the identity of the authenticated resource owner (3.9).
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019, 3.1.7, modified — Note 2 to entry has been deleted.]
3.7
resource
data, aggregated information or functionalities of the connected vehicle
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019 3.2.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.8
resource provider
entity at the offering party that protects and provides resources (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019, 3.1.8]
3.9
resource owner
responsible party for the resource(s) (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: The resource owner is responsible for granting, denying, and revoking access to resource(s).
Note 2 to entry: The responsible resource owner is determined by the concrete resource.
[SOURCE: ISO 20078-1:2019, 3.1.4]
4 Abbreviated terms
VM Vehicle Manufacturer
RCS Remote Communication Solution
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
5 Handling the risks
5.1 Risk categories
In the present document, the risks that have been considered are grouped as follows:
— Safety risks: risks related to the safety of persons and goods during the vehicle life cycle,
— Security risks: risks associated to the security of the vehicle communication system,
— Competition risks: risks associated to the fair competition among the concerned actors,
— Responsibility and liability risks: risks related to the responsibility and liability of the concerned
actors,
— Data protection risks: risks related to the protection of the resources owned by the resource owner.
5.2 Performing the risk assessment
Prior to the risk assessment, it is important to determine and to define the scope of the assessment. For
example, when the risk assessment addresses a certain remote communication solution, does it also
include its implementation?
This having been done, the risk assessment itself can proceed. The risk assessment answers the
following question for each of the risks listed in this document: “Does the remote communication
solution present, for a certain use case, any of the considered risks?”. The value of the assessment can
be increased by considering the state-of-the-art of the solution for the risk or other categories such as
environmental or regulatory.
This analysis is clearly independent of the possible methods or technical improvements that can be
selected to reduce one or several risks. These solutions can indeed have an impact on other risks rather
than the ones they intend to reduce. These solutions are therefore considered as new and subjected to
a completely new risk assessment. For example, an exceptional method to solve a competition risk can
have a high impact on some safety risks or vice-versa.
This having been said, the use of the ISO design methodology that is appropriate to remote
[2]
communication solutions is recommended to reduce the considered risk: ISO 20077-2 . The resulting
analysis using this recommendation can increase the value of the solution to the risk.
A template that can be used for addressing each of the considered risks is given in Annex A.
5.3 Risk assessment in the case of an RCS-specification
When the risk assessment is related to RCS-specification, the assessment results from the answer to
the following question:
Does the RCS, when designed according to the specification for a certain use case, present safety,
cybersecurity, competition, responsibility, or data protection risks?
NOTE For example, an RCS-specification that does not present any risk itself, can or cannot present risks due
to the manner of implementation.
More precisely, the following additional questions are worth considering because of their impact on the
level of the possible risks, as shown in Figure 1:
— Do the specifications contain measures that solve the considered risk?
— Do the specifications facilitate implementation that can reduce or solve that risk?
— Do the specifications contain measures that generate a risk?
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ISO/TR 23786:2019(E)
— Do the specifications prohibit or inhibit implementation that reduce or resolve that risk and do not
increase the complete set of risks?
Figure 1 — RCS-specification - impact of its content on the assessed risk
6 Assessment of the risks related to the safety of persons and goods during the
vehicle life cycle
6.1 List of safety risks
The safety risks considered for this assessment
...
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