ISO 2301:1973

Sawn timber of broadleaved species - Defects - Measurement

Specifies international methods and relates to classification in ISO 2299. Applies to unplaned sawn timber and such surfaced to size or planed but without profiling. The different measurements are shown in figures. Is a trilingual edition.

Sciages de bois feuillus — Défauts — Mesurage

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-1973
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 218 - Timber
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 218/WG 3 - Sawn and processed timber
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 01-Aug-2024
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 2301:1973 - "Sawn timber of broadleaved species - Defects - Measurement" is an international standard that specifies methods for measuring defects in sawn hardwoods. Published in 1973 (first edition) and issued in English, French and Russian, the standard covers unplaned sawn timber and timber surfaced to size or planed but without profiling. It provides standardized measurement techniques that support the classification given in ISO 2299 (Defects - Classification) and refers to illustrative figures for each measurement method.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and units

  • Measurements may be expressed in absolute units (millimetres, centimetres) or relative values (fractions of the corresponding side or length of the piece).
  • Counts and frequencies are expressed per metre (3.28 ft) of length or per whole piece.

• Knots

  • Two principal measurement methods:
    a) distance between tangents to the knot perimeter drawn parallel to the piece arrises;
    b) minimum diameter of the knot cross‑section.
  • Specific rules for round, oval, splay (spike), branched, arris, cluster and double knots, including when to sum constituent knot sizes.

• Shakes (splits and checks)

  • Face, edge and end shakes are measured by penetration depth (mm or fraction of thickness/width) and length (cm or fraction of piece length).
  • End ring shakes: measured by chord if less than half a circle, by diameter if half circle or greater.

• Wood structure irregularities and discoloration

  • Includes slope of grain (measured over a length at least twice the piece width and expressed as percentage), inbark (depth/length/width and number per metre), tension wood, curly grain, false heartwood, flecks, included sapwood, tannin coloration, etc.

• Biological and sawing defects

  • Fungal defects: measured in centimetres or as percentage of affected surface area.
  • Insect damage (worm-holes): number of galleries/holes per metre or per piece.
  • Sawing defects (wane): measured by maximum difference between corresponding side widths.

Applications and users

ISO 2301 is practical for:

• Saw mill operators and graders implementing consistent timber grading and quality control.
• Timber traders and buyers specifying acceptance criteria for hardwood sawn timber.
• Wood product manufacturers, furniture and joinery producers requiring consistent defect measurement.
• Standards bodies and testing laboratories aligning inspection and classification with ISO 2299.

Related standards

• ISO 2299 - Sawn timber of broadleaved species - Defects - Classification (used together with ISO 2301 for grading and specification).

Keywords: ISO 2301, sawn timber, broadleaved species, defects measurement, knots measurement, shakes, slope of grain, timber grading, ISO 2299.

Standards Content (Sample)

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION. FOR STANDARDIZATION l MEXLlYHAPOAHAII OPI-AHM3ALWl I-IO CTAHAAPTM3ALWi l ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Sawn timber of broadleaved species -
Defects - Measurement
First edition - 1973 - 08 - 15
Sciages de bois feuillus - DQfauts - Mesurage
Premihe edition - 1973 - 08 - 15
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Descriptors: wood, hardwoods, defects, dimensional measurement / Descripteurs :
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FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 Member Bodies). The work of developing International
Standards is carried out through IS0 Technical Committees. Every Member Body inter-
ested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be repre-
sented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the
Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0
Council.
International Standard IS0 2301 was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 55, Sawn
timber and sawlogs, and circulated to the Member Bodies in June 1971.
It has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries:
Iran Romania
Australia
Belgium Ireland Spain
Italy Sweden
Canada
Czechoslovakia Netherlands Thailand
New Zealand Turkey
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Finland Norway United Kingdom
Poland U.S.S.R.
France
Germany Portugal Yugoslavia
The Member Bodies of the following countries expressed disapproval of the document on
technical grounds :
Austria
India
South Africa, Rep. of
AVANT-PROPOS
IS0 (Organisation Internationale de Normalisation) est une federation mondiale d’orga-
nismes nationaux de normalisation (Comites Membres ISO). L’elaboration de Normes
Internationales est confide aux Comites Techniques ISO. Chaque Comite Membre interesse
par une etude a le droit de faire partie du Comite Technique correspondant. Les organisa-
tions internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’IS0,
participent egalement aux travaux.
Les Projets de Normes Internationales adopt& par les Comites Techniques sont soumis
aux Comites Membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes Inter-
nationales par le Conseil de 1’ISO.
etablie par le Comite Technique ISO/TC 55, Bois
La Norme Internationale IS0 2301 a et6
scie’s et grumes 2 sciages, et soumise aux Comites Membres en juin 1971.
Elle a ete approuvee par les Comites Membres des pays suivants:
Roumanie
Allemagne Iran
Australie Irlande Royaume-Uni
Suede
Belgique Italie
Canada Norvege Tchecoslovaquie
Egypte, Rep. arabe d’ Nouvelle-Zelande Thai’lande
Espagne Pays-Bas Turquie
U.R.S.S.
Finlande Pologne
France Portugal Y ougoslavie
Les Comites Membres des pays suivants ont desapprouve le document pour des raisons
techniques :
Afrique du Sud, Rep. d’
Autriche
Inde
BBEAEHPIE
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Me~~yHapOJJHbIX CTaHAapTOB OCyIIJeCTBJUIeTC% TeXHHYeCKMMH KOMMTeTaMll PlCO . ~a~J@i
KOMliTeT-WIeH, 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIii B fie5ITeJIbHOCTEi KaKoro-nm6o TexHkIYeCKOrO KOMkITeTa,
HMeeT IIpaBO YYaCTBOBaTb B er0 pa6oTax. HpaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIe H HeIIpaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIe
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B pa6oTax.
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HpOeKTbI MexJJyHapOflHbIX CTaHAapTOB,
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Ha OAo6pewHe BCeM KOMHTeTaM-YJIeHaM.
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MCO/TK 55, flu/rohtamepuanbl u nu/Io6oqHble bpesrta, m HanpasneH, B moHe 1971 roga, BceM
KOMEiTeTaM-WeHaM .
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hcTpaJIH5I KaHaAa CCCP
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0 International Organization for Standardization, 1973 0
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@ MeXAJ’HapOAHaH OpraHIi3aIJAR l-l0 CTaHAapTH3aIJHEQ 1973 0
Printed in Switzerland / Imprimk en Suisse / IiI3AaHo B msetiqapm

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 2301- 1973 (E/F/R)
NORME INTERNATIONALE
MC0 2301- 1973 (A/@/P)
MEXAYHAPOfiHbIfl CTAHAAPT
Sawn timber of broadleaved species Sciages de bois feuillus rhIOMaTeptWIbI JIEiCTBUIHbIX IIOpO,LJ
Defects Dkfauts
IropoIckl
Measurement
Mesurage EjLsMepemie
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 1 OBJET ET DOMAINE D’APPLICATION 1 L(EJIb Iii OWIACTb IIPklMEHEHEISI
1 .l La presente Norme Internationale etablit des 1.1 HacTom@i Mex~yHapogHbIii CTaHAapT ycTa-
1.1 This International Standard specifies interna-
tional methods of measuring defects of sawn methodes internationales de mesurage des HaBJWBaeT MexnyHapOflHbIe c11oco6~ H3Me-
timber of broadleaved species, classified in defauts de sciages de bois feuillus, classifies peHWI IIOpOKOB IIHJIOMaTepHaJIOB JI%lCTBeHHbIX
IS0 2299, Sawn timber of broadleaved spe- dans I’ISO 2299, Sciages de bois feuillus - nopo& IIpCJJyCMOTpeHHbIX B l;ilco 2299,17u/lo-
ties-Defects-Classzjication. Dkfauts - Classification. mamepudfibr nucm6emiblx nopod - l7opoKu -
K;zaccu&Kaqufi.
wi
1.2 This International Standard covers unplaned 1.2 La presente Norme Internationale s’applique 1.2 3~0T h!kx)IyHapoflHbIi? CTaHAapT pacnpo- 8 0
aux sciages de bois feuillus non rabotes, ainsi
sawn timber and sawn timber surfaced to CTpaHReTCJI Ha BCe HeCTpOraHbIe IIMJIOMaTe-
tit?
size or planed but without profiling. qu’aux bois sties calibres et rabotes non
puanbr, a TaKxe Ha nnJroMaTepManb1 Kann6po- 2s
I I
profiles. BaHHbIe Iii CTpOraHble HeIIpO+UI~pOBaHHb~~.
GE
2s
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em
2 MESURAGE 2 M3MEPEHHE
2 MEASUREMENT
2.1 cywai
2.1 Knots 2.1 Nawds
Les dimensions des noeuds s’expriment soit PasMepbI CYYKOB BbIpaxaIOTCIE kl[JIIi B a6co-
Knots are measured either in absolute values
(millimetres) or in relative values (as fractions en valeur absolue (millimetres), soit en valeur JIIOTHbIX BeJIWIEIHaX (B MEIJIJIFfMeTpaX) I?fJ?EI
B OTHOCEITeJIbHbIX (B JIOJISIX pa3MepOB CTOpOH
of sizes of the corresponding sides of a piece), relative (en fractions de la dimension des cot&
des pieces sur lesquels ils se trouvent), en COpTEIMeHTa, Ha KOTOpbIe OHII BMXOASIT) C IIOJI-
their number being counted either per metre
definissant leur nombre par metre (3,28 ft) de CYeTOhq KOJIMYeCTBa Ha OAMH MeTp (3,28 @yTa)
(3.28 ft) of the length, or per whole piece.
longueur, ou sur toute la piece. AJIIIHbI MJIEI Ha BeCb COpTIIMeHT.
Les dimensions des nceuds sont determinees Pa3MepbI CyYKOB OAHIIM I43
The sizes of knots are determined by one of
selon l’une des deux man&es suivantes: ABYX crfoco6oB :
the two following methods:
a) d’apres la distance entre les tangentes au a) II0 paCCTO5IHIIIO Me2KAy KaCaTeJIbHbIMPI K
a) by the distance between the tangents to
contour du nceud, paralleles aux a&es KOHTypy CyYKa, IIpOBeAeHHbIMEI I-rapaJI-
the perimeter of the knot, drawn parallel
to the arrises of the piece; longitudinales de la piece; JIeJIbHO pe6paM COpTEIMeHTa ;
b) by the minimum diameter of the knot b) d’apres le diametre minimal de la section b) II0 HaMMeHbIIIeMy AElaMeTpy CeYeHWI CyFIKa.
cross-section. du noeud.
2.1.1.1 Nmds rends et 2.1.1.1 Cyrl~u Kpyznbre 1-4
2.1.1.1 Round knots and
2. l .I.2 Nwds ovales se mesurent 2.1.1.2 CJWW 06&ZbHbE M3MepSIIOTC5I
2.1.1.2 Oval knots are measured
selon la methode a) IIO cnoco6y a)
according to method a)
- d’apres la distance entre les - I-IO paCCTO5IHEIIO MexAy KaCa-
- by the distance between the
tangentes au contour du noeud, TeJIbHbIMM K KOHTypy CyYKa,
tangents to the perimeter of the
paralleles aux a&es longitudi- IIpOBeAeHHbIMEI napaJxnen6ao
knot, drawn parallel to the
arrises of the piece (Fig. 1; sizes nales de la piece (Fig. 1; dimen- pe6paM copTnMeHTa (PEE. 1,
a, and a& sions a, et a&; pa3Mepbr a, fi a&
selon la methode b) HO cnoco6y b)
according to method b)
- d’apres le plus petit diametre - II0 HaIIMeHbIIIeMy AIIaMeTpy Ce-
- by the minimum diameter of the
de la section du neeud (Fig. 1; YeHMSI cy!Irca (PK. 1, pa3MepbI
knot cross-section (Fig. 1; sizes
dimensions b, et b,).
b, and b,).
bl H bib
2.1.1.3 Splay (spike) knots, 2.1.1.3 Nmdr plats, 2.1.1.3 CYYKU npodonzo6amble,
2.1.2.4 Traversing splay knots and 2.1.2.4 NEuds plats traversants et 2.1.2.4 CJ’YKU CUlU6Flble M
2.1.3.3 Branched knots are measured 2.1.3.3 NEuds doubles se mesurent 2.1.3.3
Cywu pa36emsnewbze @anYaTbfe) 1139
selon la methode a) c11oco6y
according to method a) HO
- by the distance between the - d’apres la distance entre l’arete - no paCCTO5IHEII-O MeWJype6poM
arris and the tangent to the M KaCaTeJIbHOii K KOHTypy CyY-
et la tangente au contour du
perimeter of the knot, drawn neeud, parallele a l’arete, avec Kil, IIpOBe,lJeHHOfi napannenbuo
parallel to the arris, measured le mesurage sur le tote de la pe6py, c m3MepemieM Ha ~ofi
on that side of the piece on piece oti apparait la section CTOpOHe COpTElMeHTa,KyJ(aBbI-
which the cross-section of the transversale du noeud (Fig. 2; ~~~n~~~o~~epe~Hoece~eH~ecy~-
knot is exposed (Fig. 2; size a). dimension a>. Les noeuds plats Ka (PK. 2, pa3Mep a). flonyc-
Splay (spike) knots may also be peuvent egalement etre mesures KaeTm,KpoMe~oro,sf3MepeHkIe
measured by the distance be- d’apres la distance entre les npo~onroBaTb~x~y~~oBnopac-
tween the two tangents to the tangentes au contour du noeud, CTOIIHWO MexjJy KaCaTeJIbHbI-
perimeter of the knot, drawn paralleles aux a&es longitudi- MEIKKOHTypyCyYKa,IIpOBe&eH-
parallel to the arrises of the nales de la piece (Fig. 2; dimen- HbIMM napamenbao pe6paM
(PK. 2, pa3-
piece (Fig. 2; size A,), or by the sion A,), ou d’apres la distance COpTEiMeHTa
distance between the arris and entre l’arete et la tangente au Mep A,), MJIEI l-IO paCCTOSIHMI0
the tangent to the perimeter of contour du noeud, parallele a Mexfiy pe6poM n KaCaTeJIbHOii
the knot, drawn parallel to the l’arete, avec le mesurage sur le K KOHTypy CyYKa, IIpOBeAeHHOi%
arris, measured on that side of c&e de la piece ou apparait la napannenbno pe6py, c M3Me-
peHkIeM Ha TOhTOpOHe COpTLI-
the piece on which the longitu- section longitudinale du nceud
(Fig. 2; dimension AJ; MeHTa,KyAaBbIXOAHTIIpOAOJIb-
dinal section of the knot is
Hoe ceqemse cyYKa (Pnc. 2,
exposed (Fig. 2; size AJ ;
pa==p A2) ;
selon la methode b) no cnoco6y b)
according to method b)
- IIOHallMeHbIIIeMy AIlaMeTpy Ce-
- by the minimum diameter of the - d’apres le diametre minimal de
knot cross-section (Fig. 2; sizes la section du noeud (Fig. 2; YeHm cyYKa (PHc. 2, pa3Me-
dimensions bl et b,). pb1 bl M b,).
b, and b,).
En ce qui concerne les nceuds doubles, &I5I pa3BeTBJIeHHbIX CyYKOB, KpOMe
In addition to methods a) and b),
outre les methodes a) et b), est admis nepewificneHHbIx c110c060~ a)
branched knots may be measured by H b),
l
le mesurage d’apres la somme des AOIIyCKaeTCSi M3MepeHI/re no CyMMe
the sum of the sizes of the constituent
dimensions constituant les nceuds, pa3MepOB COCTaBJUHO~I4X CyYKOB C VJ w
knots, each knot
...