ISO/DIS 12616-1

Terminology work in support of multilingual communication

Travail terminologique appuyant la communication multilingue

Terminološko delo v podporo večjezičnemu komuniciranju - 1. del: Osnove prevodno usmerjene terminografije

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
01-marec-2021
Terminološko delo v podporo večjezičnemu komuniciranju - 1. del: Osnove
prevodno usmerjene terminografije

Terminology work in support of multilingual communication - Part 1: Fundamentals of

translation-oriented terminography

Travail terminologique appuyant la communication multilingue - Partie 1: Principes

fondamentaux de la terminographie axée sur la traduction
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 12616-1
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021 en,fr

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 12616-1
ISO/TC 37/SC 2 Secretariat: SCC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-02-18 2020-05-12
Terminology work in support of multilingual
communication —
Part 1:
Fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography
Travail terminologique appuyant la communication multilingue —
Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux de la terminographie axée sur la traduction
ICS: 01.120
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Fundamentals of terminology management ........................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Goals ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Work environments ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.3 Translation vs. terminology work .......................................................................................................................................... 6

4.4 Working methods ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.4.1 Terminological analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 7

4.4.2 Systematic vs. ad-hoc terminology work .................................................................................................... 7

4.4.3 Prescriptive vs. descriptive terminology work ...................................................................................... 8

4.4.4 Use of text corpora ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 Terminography ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Best practices in terminography.............................................................................................................................................. 9

5.2 Term ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.3 Definition ..................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.4 Context ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.5 Note ................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.6 References and source identification ...............................................................................................................................10

6 Skills and competences ...............................................................................................................................................................................12

6.1 Terminology tasks and the required skills ...................................................................................................................12

6.2 Basic terminology skills ...............................................................................................................................................................12

6.3 Skills and competences related to term extraction ..............................................................................................13

6.4 Language skills .....................................................................................................................................................................................13

6.5 Subject matter expertise ..............................................................................................................................................................14

6.6 Research competence.....................................................................................................................................................................14

6.7 Social and cultural competences ..........................................................................................................................................14

7 Process steps and activities ....................................................................................................................................................................15

7.1 Setting goals ...........................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.2 Overall workflow ................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.3 Setting up a terminological data collection .................................................................................................................16

7.4 Collecting designations .................................................................................................................................................................16

7.5 Researching designations and their concepts ...........................................................................................................16

7.6 Processing and documenting terminological data ................................................................................................16

7.7 Using and exchanging terminological data ..................................................................................................................16

7.8 Maintenance ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17

8 Information types for the /term/ field .......................................................................................................................................17

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................17

8.2 Terminological units .......................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.1 Terms ......................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.2 Proper names ...................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.3 Symbols .................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.4 Name-like designations...........................................................................................................................................19

8.3 Other units of information .........................................................................................................................................................20

8.3.1 Phrases ..................................................................................................................................................................................20

8.3.2 Standard texts..................................................................................................................................................................20

9 Data management ............................................................................................................................................................................................20

9.1 Data categories for terminological data collections ............................................................................................20

9.2 Principles of modelling concept entries .........................................................................................................................21

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)

9.2.1 Concept orientation ........................................................................................................................................... .........21

9.2.2 Term autonomy ..............................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.3 Data elementarity ........................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.4 Data granularity .............................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.5 Repeatability ....................................................................................................................................................................22

9.3 Open and closed data categories ..........................................................................................................................................23

9.4 Mandatory and optional data categories .......................................................................................................................23

9.5 Exchange and interoperability of terminological data ......................................................................................23

10 Tools ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

Annex A (informative) Data categories for translation-oriented terminology resources .........................25

Annex B (informative) Spreadsheet examples ........................................................................................................................................27

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,

Subcommittee SC 2, Terminology workflow and language coding.

This document cancels and replaces the ISO 12616:2002, which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Focus on the broader environment in which terminology workers operate

— Deepening of the aspect of terminological data management and addition of processes, tools and

skills necessary for terminology tasks

— Updates aligned with the technical state-of-art and the evolution of the profession

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Introduction

Terminology work is conducted by people with different backgrounds and for different purposes. This

document focuses on the fundamentals necessary to perform basic terminology work in translation

contexts. While occasionally more details are given, the document provides the minimum information

necessary to set up and work in the simplest form of a terminology data collection (TDC).

For clear communication, the title “terminology worker” was chosen to represent anyone doing

terminology work as an ancillary function of their professional activities. A terminology worker might be

a translator, project manager or technical communicator and might work as a single-person enterprise,

at language service providers, or in-house at companies or other organisations. Terminologists and

terminology workers share the same basic skill set covered in this document; however, terminologists

have knowledge and competences beyond what is described here and will be discussed further in the

future ISO 12616-2.

One of the most common scenarios for a terminology worker is the following: a client produces

documentation in a particular domain in a source language and asks a translator to translate a variety

of interrelated documents. Since no terminology was provided, the translator recognises that it would

be beneficial to document the terminology found during translation work to maintain consistency

across documents in the target language. The translator carries out the necessary tasks and follows

terminographical best practices and data modelling principles as described in this document.

vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Terminology work in support of multilingual
communication —
Part 1:
Fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography
1 Scope

This document specifies fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography to provide guidance

for producing sound bilingual or multilingual terminology collections. This part of ISO 12616 deals

with the main tasks, skills, processes and technologies for translation-oriented terminography

practiced by terminology workers in simple settings. Terminology workers are translators, project

managers or technical communicators who do terminology work as part of their job, but are not full-

fledged terminologists. The more complex tasks and processes performed by terminologists and more

sophisticated technologies generally used in larger production environments will be covered in the

future ISO 12616-2.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 704:2009, Terminology work — Principles and methods
ISO 1087:2019, Terminology work and terminology science — Vocabulary
ISO 639, Codes for the representation of names of languages

ISO 16642:2017, Computer applications in terminology — Terminological markup framework

ISO 17100:2015, Translation services — Requirements for translation services

ISO/DIS 26162-1, Management of terminology resources — Terminology databases —Part 1: Design

ISO 15188:2001, Project management guidelines for terminology standardization
ISO 30042:2019, Management of terminology resources — TermBase eXchange (TBX)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
terminology worker

person whose role is to perform terminology work (3.8) as an ancillary function of other professional

activities
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.2
terminologist

expert who performs terminology work (3.8) as a main function of a professional activity

3.3
technical communicator

expert who defines, creates and delivers information products for the safe, efficient and effective use of

products (technical systems, software, services).
3.4
data category

class of data items that are closely related from a formal or semantic point of view

EXAMPLE /part of speech/, /subject field/, /definition/.

Note 1 to entry: A data category can be viewed as a generalisation of the notion of a field in a database.

Note 2 to entry: In running text, such as in this document, data category names are enclosed in forward slashes

(e.g. /part of speech/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019]
3.5
terminological data collection
TDC
text or data resource consisting of concept entries (3.7)
3.6
terminological data
data related to concepts (3.16) or their designations (3.17)
3.7
concept entry
terminological entry
entry
collection of terminological data (3.6) related to only one concept (3.16)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 26162-1:2019(E)]
3.8
terminology work
terminology management

work concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentation of concepts (3.16) and

their designations (3.17)

Note 1 to entry: Terminology work can be carried out in a systematic or an ad-hoc fashion.

3.9
terminography

part of terminology work (3.8) concerned with the recording and presentation of terminological data (3.6)

3.10
term extraction

terminology work (3.8) that involves the identification and excerption of terminological data (3.6) by

searching through a text corpus (3.12)

Note 1 to entry: Terminological data (3.6) of primary interest are typically designations (3.17), definitions and

contexts.
Note 2 to entry: Term extraction is often supported by dedicated software tools.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.11
term identification

part of term extraction (3.10) involving recognition and selection of designations (3.17)

3.12
text corpus
corpus
collection of natural language data brought together for terminology work (3.8)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.13
candidate term

designation (3.17) that has been collected by means of term extraction (3.10) but has not been reviewed

by means of term assessment (3.14)
3.14
term assessment
process of rating designations (3.17) based on agreed criteria
Note 1 to entry: Criteria commonly include acceptability, usability and clarity.
3.15
object
anything perceivable or conceivable

Note 1 to entry: Objects can be material (e.g. ‘engine’, ‘sheet of paper’, ‘diamond’), immaterial (e.g. ‘conversion

ratio’, ‘project plan’) or imagined (e.g. ‘unicorn’, ‘scientific hypothesis’).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.16
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular natural languages. They are, however, influenced

by the social or cultural background which often leads to different categorisations.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.17
designation
terminological unit

representation of a concept (3.16) by a sign which denotes it in a domain or subject

Note 1 to entry: In this standard, terminological unit is used for the content of the /term/ field in a database.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.18
term
designation (3.17) that represents a general concept (3.16) by linguistic means
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.19
proper name
name
designation (3.17) that represents an individual concept (3.16)

EXAMPLE “International Organization for Standardization”, “IBM®” ), “British Isles”, “United Nations”.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.20
appellation

term (3.18) that is applied to a group of objects (3.15) whose relevant properties are identical

EXAMPLE “Nokia 7 Plus®” (mobile phone), “Adobe® Acrobat® X Pro” (software), “Road King®”

(motorcycle) ).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.21
symbol
designation (3.17) that represents a concept (3.16) by non-linguistic means

Note 1 to entry: There are several types of symbols such as graphical symbols (ISO 3864 all parts) and letter

symbols (ISO 80000 all parts).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.22
data granularity
degree of precision of data

Note 1 to entry: For example, the set of individual data categories /part of speech/, /grammatical gender/, and /

grammatical number/ provides for greater data granularity than does the single data category /grammar/.

[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.23
data elementarity
principle whereby a data field contains only one data element
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.24
term autonomy

principle whereby all terms (3.18) in a concept entry (3.7) are considered independent sub-units and

can be described using the same set of data categories (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.25
concept orientation
principle whereby a concept entry (3.7) describes a single concept (3.16)

Note 1 to entry: A concept entry can contain multiple terms, which are therefore considered semantically

equivalent.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]

1) IBM® is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. This information is given for

theconvenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named.

2) Nokia 7 Plus® is a trademark of Nokia Corporation, Adobe® Acrobat® X Pro is a trademark of Adobe

Systems,Road King® is a trademark of Harley-Davidson. This information is given for the convenience of users of

thisdocument and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the products named.

4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12616-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.26
repeatability

principle whereby a data category (3.4) can be repeated within a concept entry (3.7) and whereby it can

also be combined with other data categories (3.4)
3.27
prescriptive terminology work
approach for managing terminology that indicates preferred usage
3.28
descriptive terminology work

approach for managing terminology that documents the way designations (3.17) are used in contexts

without indicating preferred usage
3.29
source language
language of the content to be translated
[SOURCE: ISO 18587:2017, 3.2.2]
3.30
target language
language into which source language (3.29) content is translated
[SOURCE: ISO 18587:2017, 3.2.4]
4 Fundamentals of terminology management
4.1 Goals

Terminology management has different goals. A basic goal is that users of a terminology data collection

are able to retrieve terminological information that answers their question. The collection must thus

cover the pertinent subject areas and terminologies. Concept entries in the collection must be correct

and complete and not exhibit any data integrity issues with other entries in the collection.

An extension of the basic goal above for translation support is that data is optimised for use in computer-

aided translation systems. Such systems have a terminology component. During the translation

process, the content of the translation segment is matched against the terminology data collection

(TDC). Matches are displayed in the terminology component or made available for easy integration into

the translation in the target-language segment.
4.2 Work environments

Work in pursuit of this goal is performed in many different work environments with one person or

several doing terminology work, supported by tools, following working methods along a particular

workflow, etc. They document the result of their
...

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 12616-1
ISO/TC 37/SC 2 Secretariat: SCC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-02-18 2020-05-12
Terminology work in support of multilingual
communication —
Part 1:
Fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography
Travail terminologique appuyant la communication multilingue —
Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux de la terminographie axée sur la traduction
ICS: 01.120
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Fundamentals of terminology management ........................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Goals ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Work environments ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.3 Translation vs. terminology work .......................................................................................................................................... 6

4.4 Working methods ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.4.1 Terminological analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 7

4.4.2 Systematic vs. ad-hoc terminology work .................................................................................................... 7

4.4.3 Prescriptive vs. descriptive terminology work ...................................................................................... 8

4.4.4 Use of text corpora ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 Terminography ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Best practices in terminography.............................................................................................................................................. 9

5.2 Term ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.3 Definition ..................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.4 Context ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.5 Note ................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.6 References and source identification ...............................................................................................................................10

6 Skills and competences ...............................................................................................................................................................................12

6.1 Terminology tasks and the required skills ...................................................................................................................12

6.2 Basic terminology skills ...............................................................................................................................................................12

6.3 Skills and competences related to term extraction ..............................................................................................13

6.4 Language skills .....................................................................................................................................................................................13

6.5 Subject matter expertise ..............................................................................................................................................................14

6.6 Research competence.....................................................................................................................................................................14

6.7 Social and cultural competences ..........................................................................................................................................14

7 Process steps and activities ....................................................................................................................................................................15

7.1 Setting goals ...........................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.2 Overall workflow ................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.3 Setting up a terminological data collection .................................................................................................................16

7.4 Collecting designations .................................................................................................................................................................16

7.5 Researching designations and their concepts ...........................................................................................................16

7.6 Processing and documenting terminological data ................................................................................................16

7.7 Using and exchanging terminological data ..................................................................................................................16

7.8 Maintenance ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17

8 Information types for the /term/ field .......................................................................................................................................17

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................17

8.2 Terminological units .......................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.1 Terms ......................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.2 Proper names ...................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.3 Symbols .................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2.4 Name-like designations...........................................................................................................................................19

8.3 Other units of information .........................................................................................................................................................20

8.3.1 Phrases ..................................................................................................................................................................................20

8.3.2 Standard texts..................................................................................................................................................................20

9 Data management ............................................................................................................................................................................................20

9.1 Data categories for terminological data collections ............................................................................................20

9.2 Principles of modelling concept entries .........................................................................................................................21

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)

9.2.1 Concept orientation ........................................................................................................................................... .........21

9.2.2 Term autonomy ..............................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.3 Data elementarity ........................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.4 Data granularity .............................................................................................................................................................22

9.2.5 Repeatability ....................................................................................................................................................................22

9.3 Open and closed data categories ..........................................................................................................................................23

9.4 Mandatory and optional data categories .......................................................................................................................23

9.5 Exchange and interoperability of terminological data ......................................................................................23

10 Tools ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

Annex A (informative) Data categories for translation-oriented terminology resources .........................25

Annex B (informative) Spreadsheet examples ........................................................................................................................................27

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,

Subcommittee SC 2, Terminology workflow and language coding.

This document cancels and replaces the ISO 12616:2002, which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Focus on the broader environment in which terminology workers operate

— Deepening of the aspect of terminological data management and addition of processes, tools and

skills necessary for terminology tasks

— Updates aligned with the technical state-of-art and the evolution of the profession

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Introduction

Terminology work is conducted by people with different backgrounds and for different purposes. This

document focuses on the fundamentals necessary to perform basic terminology work in translation

contexts. While occasionally more details are given, the document provides the minimum information

necessary to set up and work in the simplest form of a terminology data collection (TDC).

For clear communication, the title “terminology worker” was chosen to represent anyone doing

terminology work as an ancillary function of their professional activities. A terminology worker might be

a translator, project manager or technical communicator and might work as a single-person enterprise,

at language service providers, or in-house at companies or other organisations. Terminologists and

terminology workers share the same basic skill set covered in this document; however, terminologists

have knowledge and competences beyond what is described here and will be discussed further in the

future ISO 12616-2.

One of the most common scenarios for a terminology worker is the following: a client produces

documentation in a particular domain in a source language and asks a translator to translate a variety

of interrelated documents. Since no terminology was provided, the translator recognises that it would

be beneficial to document the terminology found during translation work to maintain consistency

across documents in the target language. The translator carries out the necessary tasks and follows

terminographical best practices and data modelling principles as described in this document.

vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Terminology work in support of multilingual
communication —
Part 1:
Fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography
1 Scope

This document specifies fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography to provide guidance

for producing sound bilingual or multilingual terminology collections. This part of ISO 12616 deals

with the main tasks, skills, processes and technologies for translation-oriented terminography

practiced by terminology workers in simple settings. Terminology workers are translators, project

managers or technical communicators who do terminology work as part of their job, but are not full-

fledged terminologists. The more complex tasks and processes performed by terminologists and more

sophisticated technologies generally used in larger production environments will be covered in the

future ISO 12616-2.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 704:2009, Terminology work — Principles and methods
ISO 1087:2019, Terminology work and terminology science — Vocabulary
ISO 639, Codes for the representation of names of languages

ISO 16642:2017, Computer applications in terminology — Terminological markup framework

ISO 17100:2015, Translation services — Requirements for translation services

ISO/DIS 26162-1, Management of terminology resources — Terminology databases —Part 1: Design

ISO 15188:2001, Project management guidelines for terminology standardization
ISO 30042:2019, Management of terminology resources — TermBase eXchange (TBX)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
terminology worker

person whose role is to perform terminology work (3.8) as an ancillary function of other professional

activities
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.2
terminologist

expert who performs terminology work (3.8) as a main function of a professional activity

3.3
technical communicator

expert who defines, creates and delivers information products for the safe, efficient and effective use of

products (technical systems, software, services).
3.4
data category

class of data items that are closely related from a formal or semantic point of view

EXAMPLE /part of speech/, /subject field/, /definition/.

Note 1 to entry: A data category can be viewed as a generalisation of the notion of a field in a database.

Note 2 to entry: In running text, such as in this document, data category names are enclosed in forward slashes

(e.g. /part of speech/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019]
3.5
terminological data collection
TDC
text or data resource consisting of concept entries (3.7)
3.6
terminological data
data related to concepts (3.16) or their designations (3.17)
3.7
concept entry
terminological entry
entry
collection of terminological data (3.6) related to only one concept (3.16)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 26162-1:2019(E)]
3.8
terminology work
terminology management

work concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentation of concepts (3.16) and

their designations (3.17)

Note 1 to entry: Terminology work can be carried out in a systematic or an ad-hoc fashion.

3.9
terminography

part of terminology work (3.8) concerned with the recording and presentation of terminological data (3.6)

3.10
term extraction

terminology work (3.8) that involves the identification and excerption of terminological data (3.6) by

searching through a text corpus (3.12)

Note 1 to entry: Terminological data (3.6) of primary interest are typically designations (3.17), definitions and

contexts.
Note 2 to entry: Term extraction is often supported by dedicated software tools.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.11
term identification

part of term extraction (3.10) involving recognition and selection of designations (3.17)

3.12
text corpus
corpus
collection of natural language data brought together for terminology work (3.8)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.13
candidate term

designation (3.17) that has been collected by means of term extraction (3.10) but has not been reviewed

by means of term assessment (3.14)
3.14
term assessment
process of rating designations (3.17) based on agreed criteria
Note 1 to entry: Criteria commonly include acceptability, usability and clarity.
3.15
object
anything perceivable or conceivable

Note 1 to entry: Objects can be material (e.g. ‘engine’, ‘sheet of paper’, ‘diamond’), immaterial (e.g. ‘conversion

ratio’, ‘project plan’) or imagined (e.g. ‘unicorn’, ‘scientific hypothesis’).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.16
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular natural languages. They are, however, influenced

by the social or cultural background which often leads to different categorisations.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.17
designation
terminological unit

representation of a concept (3.16) by a sign which denotes it in a domain or subject

Note 1 to entry: In this standard, terminological unit is used for the content of the /term/ field in a database.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.18
term
designation (3.17) that represents a general concept (3.16) by linguistic means
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.19
proper name
name
designation (3.17) that represents an individual concept (3.16)

EXAMPLE “International Organization for Standardization”, “IBM®” ), “British Isles”, “United Nations”.

[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.20
appellation

term (3.18) that is applied to a group of objects (3.15) whose relevant properties are identical

EXAMPLE “Nokia 7 Plus®” (mobile phone), “Adobe® Acrobat® X Pro” (software), “Road King®”

(motorcycle) ).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.21
symbol
designation (3.17) that represents a concept (3.16) by non-linguistic means

Note 1 to entry: There are several types of symbols such as graphical symbols (ISO 3864 all parts) and letter

symbols (ISO 80000 all parts).
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 1087:2019(E)]
3.22
data granularity
degree of precision of data

Note 1 to entry: For example, the set of individual data categories /part of speech/, /grammatical gender/, and /

grammatical number/ provides for greater data granularity than does the single data category /grammar/.

[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.23
data elementarity
principle whereby a data field contains only one data element
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.24
term autonomy

principle whereby all terms (3.18) in a concept entry (3.7) are considered independent sub-units and

can be described using the same set of data categories (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]
3.25
concept orientation
principle whereby a concept entry (3.7) describes a single concept (3.16)

Note 1 to entry: A concept entry can contain multiple terms, which are therefore considered semantically

equivalent.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 26162-1]

1) IBM® is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. This information is given for

theconvenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named.

2) Nokia 7 Plus® is a trademark of Nokia Corporation, Adobe® Acrobat® X Pro is a trademark of Adobe

Systems,Road King® is a trademark of Harley-Davidson. This information is given for the convenience of users of

thisdocument and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the products named.

4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
3.26
repeatability

principle whereby a data category (3.4) can be repeated within a concept entry (3.7) and whereby it can

also be combined with other data categories (3.4)
3.27
prescriptive terminology work
approach for managing terminology that indicates preferred usage
3.28
descriptive terminology work

approach for managing terminology that documents the way designations (3.17) are used in contexts

without indicating preferred usage
3.29
source language
language of the content to be translated
[SOURCE: ISO 18587:2017, 3.2.2]
3.30
target language
language into which source language (3.29) content is translated
[SOURCE: ISO 18587:2017, 3.2.4]
4 Fundamentals of terminology management
4.1 Goals

Terminology management has different goals. A basic goal is that users of a terminology data collection

are able to retrieve terminological information that answers their question. The collection must thus

cover the pertinent subject areas and terminologies. Concept entries in the collection must be correct

and complete and not exhibit any data integrity issues with other entries in the collection.

An extension of the basic goal above for translation support is that data is optimised for use in computer-

aided translation systems. Such systems have a terminology component. During the translation

process, the content of the translation segment is matched against the terminology data collection

(TDC). Matches are displayed in the terminology component or made available for easy integration into

the translation in the target-language segment.
4.2 Work environments

Work in pursuit of this goal is performed in many different work environments with one person or

several doing terminology work, supported by tools, following working methods along a particular

workflow, etc. They document the result of their work, and their work is guided by training and

documentation. They have certain skills and deal with one, two or many languages.

Figure 1 shows a list of features that characterise work environments where terminology work is

performed. The colour intensity shows the varying degree of complexity of a feature. For example, the

top-most arrow indicates that terminology work may support one process in simple environments and

several processes in more complex environments.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(E)
Figure 1 — Level of complexity in different environments

The type or complexity of the feature varies from one environment to the next or even from one project

within the environment to the next project, as the colour shading indicates

EXAMPLE A freelance translator who works on terminology for a patent translation project is the only active

contributor to the TDC and the only user of the data. Although he does not do terminology work fulltime, he may

have a very high level and broad set of terminology skills. And for certain concepts he may need to go

...

PROJET DE NORME INTERNATIONALE
ISO/DIS 12616-1
ISO/TC 37/SC 2 Secrétariat: SCC
Début de vote: Vote clos le:
2020-02-18 2020-05-12
Travail terminologique appuyant la communication
multilingue —
Partie 1:
Principes fondamentaux de la terminographie axée sur la
traduction
Terminology work in support of multilingual communication —
Part 1: Fundamentals of translation-oriented terminography
ICS: 01.120
CE DOCUMENT EST UN PROJET DIFFUSÉ POUR
OBSERVATIONS ET APPROBATION. IL EST DONC
SUSCEPTIBLE DE MODIFICATION ET NE PEUT
ÊTRE CITÉ COMME NORME INTERNATIONALE
AVANT SA PUBLICATION EN TANT QUE TELLE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES
FINS INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET
COMMERCIALES, AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE

Le présent document est distribué tel qu’il est parvenu du secrétariat du comité.

DES UTILISATEURS, LES PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE
CONSIDÉRÉS DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR
POSSIBILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES NORMES
POUVANT SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA
RÉGLEMENTATION NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
SONT INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS
OBSERVATIONS, NOTIFICATION DES DROITS
DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS AURAIENT
ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE. ISO 2020
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
Sommaire Page

Avant-propos ................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

1 Domaine d’application ...................................................................................................................................1

2 Références normatives ..................................................................................................................................1

3 Termes et définitions .....................................................................................................................................1

4 Principes fondamentaux de la gestion de la terminologie ...............................................................6

4.1 Objectifs ..............................................................................................................................................................6

4.2 Environnements de travail ...........................................................................................................................6

4.3 Traduction vs travail terminologique ......................................................................................................7

4.4 Méthodes de travail ........................................................................................................................................8

4.4.1 Analyse terminologique ................................................................................................................................8

4.4.2 Travail terminologique systématique vs ad hoc ..................................................................................8

4.4.3 Travail terminologique prescriptif vs descriptif .................................................................................9

4.4.4 Utilisation de corpus de textes ................................................................................................................ 10

5 Terminographie ............................................................................................................................................ 11

5.1 Bonnes pratiques en terminographie ................................................................................................... 11

5.2 Terme ................................................................................................................................................................ 11

5.3 Définition ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

5.4 Contexte ........................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.5 Note .................................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.6 Références et identification des sources.............................................................................................. 12

6 Savoir-faire et compétences ..................................................................................................................... 13

6.1 Tâches terminologiques et compétences requises........................................................................... 13

6.2 Compétences de base en terminologie ................................................................................................. 14

6.3 Savoir-faire et compétences liés à l’extraction de termes ............................................................. 15

6.4 Compétences linguistiques ....................................................................................................................... 16

6.5 Expertise dans le domaine ........................................................................................................................ 16

6.6 Capacité de recherche ................................................................................................................................. 16

6.7 Compétences sociales et culturelles ...................................................................................................... 17

7 Étapes du processus et activités .............................................................................................................. 17

7.1 Définition des objectifs ............................................................................................................................... 17

7.2 Flux de travail global ................................................................................................................................... 18

7.3 Création d’un recueil de données terminologiques ......................................................................... 18

7.4 Collecte des désignations ........................................................................................................................... 18

7.5 Recherche sur les appellations et leurs concepts ............................................................................. 19

7.6 Traitement et documentation des données terminologiques ...................................................... 19

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

7.7 Utilisation et échange de données terminologiques ........................................................................ 19

7.8 Mise à jour ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

© ISO 2020

Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en oeuvre, aucune partie de cette

8 Types d’information pour le champ/terme/ ...................................................................................... 20

publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,

8.1 Généralités ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut

8.2 Unités terminologique ................................................................................................................................ 21

être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.

8.2.1 Termes .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8

8.2.2 Noms propres ................................................................................................................................................. 21

CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva

8.2.3 Symboles .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Tél.: [phone]

8.2.4 Désignations de type nominatif ............................................................................................................... 22

Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
iii
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
Sommaire Page

Avant-propos ................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

1 Domaine d’application ...................................................................................................................................1

2 Références normatives ..................................................................................................................................1

3 Termes et définitions .....................................................................................................................................1

4 Principes fondamentaux de la gestion de la terminologie ...............................................................6

4.1 Objectifs ..............................................................................................................................................................6

4.2 Environnements de travail ...........................................................................................................................6

4.3 Traduction vs travail terminologique ......................................................................................................7

4.4 Méthodes de travail ........................................................................................................................................8

4.4.1 Analyse terminologique ................................................................................................................................8

4.4.2 Travail terminologique systématique vs ad hoc ..................................................................................8

4.4.3 Travail terminologique prescriptif vs descriptif .................................................................................9

4.4.4 Utilisation de corpus de textes ................................................................................................................ 10

5 Terminographie ............................................................................................................................................ 11

5.1 Bonnes pratiques en terminographie ................................................................................................... 11

5.2 Terme ................................................................................................................................................................ 11

5.3 Définition ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

5.4 Contexte ........................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.5 Note .................................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.6 Références et identification des sources.............................................................................................. 12

6 Savoir-faire et compétences ..................................................................................................................... 13

6.1 Tâches terminologiques et compétences requises........................................................................... 13

6.2 Compétences de base en terminologie ................................................................................................. 14

6.3 Savoir-faire et compétences liés à l’extraction de termes ............................................................. 15

6.4 Compétences linguistiques ....................................................................................................................... 16

6.5 Expertise dans le domaine ........................................................................................................................ 16

6.6 Capacité de recherche ................................................................................................................................. 16

6.7 Compétences sociales et culturelles ...................................................................................................... 17

7 Étapes du processus et activités .............................................................................................................. 17

7.1 Définition des objectifs ............................................................................................................................... 17

7.2 Flux de travail global ................................................................................................................................... 18

7.3 Création d’un recueil de données terminologiques ......................................................................... 18

7.4 Collecte des désignations ........................................................................................................................... 18

7.5 Recherche sur les appellations et leurs concepts ............................................................................. 19

7.6 Traitement et documentation des données terminologiques ...................................................... 19

7.7 Utilisation et échange de données terminologiques ........................................................................ 19

7.8 Mise à jour ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

8 Types d’information pour le champ/terme/ ...................................................................................... 20

8.1 Généralités ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 Unités terminologique ................................................................................................................................ 21

8.2.1 Termes .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

8.2.2 Noms propres ................................................................................................................................................. 21

8.2.3 Symboles .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

8.2.4 Désignations de type nominatif ............................................................................................................... 22

© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
iii
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)

8.3 Autres unités d’information ..................................................................................................................... 23

8.3.1 Syntagmes ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

8.3.2 Textes normalisés ........................................................................................................................................ 23

9 Gestion des données.................................................................................................................................... 24

9.1 Catégories de données pour les recueils de données terminologiques ................................... 24

9.2 Principes de modélisation des articles conceptuels ....................................................................... 25

9.2.1 Orientation conceptuelle ........................................................................................................................... 25

9.2.2 Autonomie des termes ............................................................................................................................... 26

9.2.3 Élémentarité des données......................................................................................................................... 26

9.2.4 Granularité des données ........................................................................................................................... 26

9.2.5 Répétabilité .................................................................................................................................................... 26

9.3 Catégories de données ouvertes et fermées ....................................................................................... 27

9.4 Catégories de données obligatoires et facultatives ......................................................................... 27

9.5 Échange et interopérabilité des données terminologiques .......................................................... 27

10 Outils ................................................................................................................................................................. 28

Annexe A (informative) Catégories de données pour les ressources terminologiques axées

sur la traduction ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Annexe B (informative) Exemples de tableurs ................................................................................................. 32

Bibliographie ............................................................................................................................................................... 34

© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
Avant-propos

L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes

nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est

en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le

droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,

gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.

L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui

concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.

Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont

décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents

critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été

rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2

(voir www.iso.org/directives).

L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de

droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable

de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant les

références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de

l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de

brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).

Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données

pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un

engagement.

Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions

spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion

de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles

techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant : www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.html.

Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 37, Langage et terminologie,

sous-comité SC 2, Flux des travaux terminologiques et codage des langues.

Le présent document annule et remplace l’ISO 12616:2002, qui a fait l’objet d’une révision technique.

Les principales modifications par rapport à l’édition précédente sont les suivantes :

— accent mis sur l’environnement élargi dans lequel les travailleurs en terminologie exercent leur

activité ;

— approfondissement de l’aspect de la gestion des données terminologiques et ajout de processus,

d’outils et de compétences nécessaires aux tâches terminologiques ;

— mises à jour correspondant aux avancées techniques et à l’évolution de la profession.

Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent

document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes

se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
Introduction

Le travail terminologique est effectué par des personnes ayant des parcours différents et pour des

objectifs différents. Le présent document porte sur les principes fondamentaux nécessaires pour

effectuer un travail terminologique de base dans des contextes de traduction. Bien que des détails

supplémentaires soient parfois donnés, le document fournit les informations minimales nécessaires

pour configurer et exploiter la forme la plus simple d’un recueil de données terminologiques (RDT).

Pour une communication claire, l’intitulé de « travailleur en terminologie » a été choisi pour représenter

toute personne effectuant un travail terminologique en tant que fonction complémentaire de ses

activités professionnelles. Un travailleur en terminologie peut être un traducteur, un chef de projet ou

un rédacteur technique et peut travailler en qualité d’entreprise individuelle, chez des prestataires de

services linguistiques, ou en interne dans des entreprises ou d’autres organismes. Les terminologues et

les travailleurs en terminologie partagent le même socle de compétences couvert dans le présent

document ; cependant, les terminologues ont des connaissances et des compétences qui vont au-delà de

ce qui est décrit ici et qui seront discutées plus en détail dans la future ISO 12616-2.

L’un des scénarios les plus courants pour un travailleurs en terminologie est le suivant : un client

produit de la documentation dans un domaine particulier dans une langue source et demande à un

traducteur de traduire divers documents connexes. Comme aucune terminologie n’a été fournie, le

traducteur reconnaît qu’il serait judicieux de documenter la terminologie identifiée pendant le travail

de traduction afin de maintenir la cohérence entre les documents dans la langue cible. Le traducteur

effectue les tâches nécessaires et suit les bonnes pratiques terminographiques et les principes de

modélisation des données décrits dans le présent document.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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PROJET DE NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
Travail terminologique appuyant la communication
multilingue — Partie 1 : Principes fondamentaux de la
terminographie axée sur la traduction
1 Domaine d’application

Le présent document spécifie les principes fondamentaux de la terminolograhie axée sur la traduction

afin de fournir des recommandations pour la production de solides recueils terminologiques bilingues

ou multilingues. La présente partie de l’ISO 12616 traite des principales tâches, compétences, processus

et technologies de la terminographie axée sur la traduction pratiquée par les travailleurs en

terminologie dans des contextes simples. Les travailleurs en terminologie sont des traducteurs, des

chefs de projet ou des rédacteurs techniques qui effectuent un travail terminologique dans le cadre de

leur métier, mais qui ne sont pas des terminologues à part entière. Les tâches et les processus plus

complexes effectués par les terminologues et les technologies plus sophistiquées généralement utilisées

dans des environnements de production plus importants seront couverts dans la future ISO 12616-2.

2 Références normatives

Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur

contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.

Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les

éventuels amendements).
ISO 704:2009, Travail terminologique — Principes et méthodes.

ISO 1087:2019, Travail terminologique et science de la terminologie — Vocabulaire.

ISO 639, Codes pour la représentation des noms de langue.

ISO 16642:2017, Applications informatiques en terminologie — Plate-forme pour le balisage de

terminologies informatisées.

ISO 17100:2015, Services de traduction — Exigences relatives aux services de traduction.

ISO/DIS 26162-1, Gestion des ressources terminologiques — Bases de données terminologiques —

Partie 1 : Conception.

ISO 15188:2001, Lignes directrices pour la gestion de projets de normalisation terminologique.

ISO 30042:2019, Gestion des ressources terminologiques — TermBase eXchange (TBX).

3 Termes et définitions

Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.

L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en

normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes :

— ISO Online browsing platform : disponible à l’adresse https://www.iso.org/obp ;

— IEC Electropedia : disponible à l’adresse at http://www.electropedia.org/.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
3.1
travailleur en terminologie

personne dont le rôle est d’effectuer un travail terminologique (3.8) comme fonction complémentaire à

d’autres activités professionnelles
3.2
terminologue

expert qui effectue un travail terminologique (3.8) en tant que fonction principale d’une activité

professionnelle
3.3
rédacteur technique

expert qui définit, crée et fournit des produits d’information pour une utilisation sûre, efficace et

efficiente des produits (systèmes techniques, logiciels, services)
3.4
catégorie de données

classe d’éléments de données qui sont étroitement liés d’un point de vue formel ou sémantique

EXEMPLE /catégorie grammaticale/,/domaine/,/définition/.

Note 1 à l’article : Une catégorie de données peut être considérée comme une généralisation de la notion de champ

dans une base de données.

Note 2 à l’article : Dans le texte suivi, comme dans le présent document, le nom des catégories de données est

entouré de barres obliques (par exemple/catégorie grammaticale/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019]
3.5
recueil de données terminologiques
RDT

ressource textuelle ou sous forme de données comprenant des articles conceptuels (3.7)

3.6
donnée terminologique
donnée relative à un concept (3.16) ou à sa désignation (3.17)
3.7
article conceptuel
article terminologique
article
ensemble de données terminologiques (3.6) relatives à un seul concept (3.16)
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 26162-1:2019(E)]
3.8
travail terminologique
gestion de la terminologie

activité portant sur la collecte, la description, le traitement et la présentation des concepts (3.16) et de

leurs désignations (3.17)

Note 1 à l’article : Le travail terminologique peut être effectué de manière systématique ou ponctuelle.

© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/DIS 12616-1:2020(F)
3.9
terminographie

partie du travail terminologique (3.8) portant sur la consignation et la présentation des données

terminologiques (3.6)
3.10
extraction de termes

travail terminologique (3.8) impliquant l’identification et le dépouillement de données

terminologiques (3.6) à partir de l’examen d’un corpus de textes (3.12)

Note 1 à l’article : Les données terminologiques (3.6) d’intérêt primordial sont en général les désignations (3.17),

les définitions et les contextes.
Note 2 à l’article : L’extraction de termes est souvent prise en
...