ISO/DGuide 84.2
(Main)Guidelines for addressing climate change in standards
Guidelines for addressing climate change in standards
This document provides guidance to standards developers on how to take account of climate change in the planning, drafting, revision and updating of ISO standards and other deliverables. It outlines a framework and general principles that standards developers can use to develop their own approach to addressing climate change on a subject-specific basis. It aims to enable standards developers to include adaptation to climate change (ACC) and climate change mitigation (CCM) considerations in their standardization work. Considerations related to ACC are intended to contribute to increasing preparedness and disaster reduction as well as impacting the resilience of organizations and their technologies, activities or products (TAPs). Considerations related to CCM consist primarily of approaches that seek to avoid, reduce or limit the release of GHG emissions and/or increase GHG removals.
Lignes directrices pour la prise en compte des changements climatiques dans les normes
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ISO/DGUIDE 84
ISO/TMBG
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Guide
ISO/DGUIDE 84
ISO/TMBG
Guidelines for addressing climate
Secretariat: ISO
change in standards
Voting begins on:
Lignes directrices pour la prise en compte des changements
climatiques dans les normes
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 13.020.01; 01.120
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AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
ii
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Abbreviated terms .8
4 Understanding and responding to climate change . 9
4.1 What is climate change? .9
4.2 Climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation .10
4.2.1 General .10
4.2.2 Climate change mitigation .10
4.2.3 Climate change adaptation .10
4.2.4 Interrelation between climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation .11
5 Addressing climate change in standards .11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Principles related to addressing climate change in standards .11
5.2.1 General .11
5.2.2 Interactivity .11
5.2.3 Clarity . . . 12
5.2.4 Involvement of interested parties . 12
5.2.5 Transparency . . . 12
5.2.6 Fairness and equity . 12
5.2.7 Performance-driven approach . 12
5.2.8 Future orientation . 13
6 Planning the strategy.13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Issues to think about before establishing a committee . 13
6.3 Strategic business plan .14
6.4 Review and revision of standards .14
7 Planning the content .15
7.1 Responsibilities . 15
7.2 Understanding approaches to responding to climate change .16
7.2.1 General .16
7.2.2 Systems approach .16
7.2.3 Life cycle approach .16
7.2.4 Risk-based approach .18
7.2.5 Precautionary approach .19
7.3 Identifying climate change issues .19
7.3.1 General .19
7.3.2 Identifying relevant climate change issues .21
7.3.3 Identifying significant climate change issues .21
8 Addressing climate change issues .22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 Consider interrelations between adaptation and mitigation . 22
8.3 Addressing climate change mitigation when dealing with specific sources. 23
8.3.1 General . 23
8.3.2 GHG emissions from the direct or indirect combustion of fuels and energy
efficiency .24
8.3.3 GHG emissions from the use of fluorinated industrial gases . 25
8.3.4 GHG emissions from the process industries . 25
8.3.5 GHG emissions from agriculture, forestry and crop farming . 25
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
8.3.6 GHG emissions from livestock operations . 25
8.3.7 GHG emissions from waste management . 26
8.3.8 GHG emissions from combustion of biomass and natural processes . 26
8.3.9 GHG emissions from road transportation fuels . 26
8.3.10 GHG emissions from the aviation sector . 26
8.3.11 GHG emissions from maritime shipping .27
8.4 Mitigation approaches .27
8.4.1 GHG reduction through energy management and energy efficiency .27
8.4.2 GHG reduction through renewable energy .27
8.4.3 GHG reduction through fuel switching . 28
8.4.4 GHG reduction through resource management . 28
8.4.5 Carbon capture, use, and storage . 28
8.5 Financing the transition to a low carbon economy. 28
8.5.1 General . 28
8.5.2 Policy incentives . 29
8.5.3 Green debt instruments . 29
8.5.4 Mitigation projects . 29
8.6 Carbon neutrality and net zero . 30
8.7 Addressing climate change adaptation aspects in product and process standards . 30
8.7.1 General . 30
8.7.2 Considerations and approaches for adaptation .31
8.7.3 Incorporating climate change adaptation measures into standards .32
8.7.4 Process standards . 34
8.7.5 Product standards . 34
8.7.6 Addressing health and safety consequences of climate change. 36
8.8 Adaptation and mitigation in management system standards .37
8.9 Other aspects for consideration . 38
8.9.1 Organizational inventories . 38
8.9.2 GHG project monitoring . 39
8.9.3 Per unit of product “footprints” . 39
8.9.4 Role of verification in monitoring and evaluation . 40
Annex A (informative) Using systems thinking to set boundaries for climate change adaptation . 41
Annex B (informative) Background information on approaches for responding to climate
change .45
Annex C (informative) Planetary boundary conditions. 51
Annex D (informative) Climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation: Examples
and supporting information .53
Bibliography .59
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO Guide 84:2020) which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— context of the London Declaration;
— new requirements regarding management system standards (MSS);
— health and safety consequences of climate change.
This document was prepared by the ISO Technical Management Board Task Force on Climate Change
Coordination.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Introduction
This document is intended for developers of ISO standards and other deliverables to encourage the inclusion
of provisions in standards to address climate change impacts, risks and opportunities, and aims to:
— enable standards committees to determine if the standard under consideration should take into account
aspects, issues, impacts, risks and/or opportunities associated with climate change;
— provide standards developers with a systematic approach to address climate change impacts, risks and
opportunities in a coherent and consistent manner, with regard to both new and revised standards, and
in a manner related to the objective and scope of the standard being developed;
— promote consistency and compatibility to the extent practicable among standards that directly or
indirectly address climate change and their wider uptake in support of sustainability.
In February 2024, the IAF/ISO Joint Communiqué on the addition of Climate Change considerations to
Management Systems Standards highlighted new requirements to consider the effect of Climate Change
when revising or developing new ISO Management Systems Standards (MSS).
This document supports ISO’s commitment to accelerate achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, the UN
SDGs and the UN Call for Action on Adaptation and Resilience, as outlined in the September 2021 ISO London
Declaration. The London Declaration commits ISO to develop processes to enable:
— the active consideration of climate science and associated transitions in the development of all new and
revised International Standards and publications; and to
— facilitate the involvement of civil society and those most vulnerable to climate change in the development
of International Standards and publications.
ISO will develop and publish an Action Plan and Measurement Framework detailing concrete actions and
initiatives and a reporting mechanism to track progress.
NOTE Standards developers are encouraged to consider the mandatory committee-specific policies in the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 1, for the development of sector-specific environmental management standards and sector-specific
environmental management system standards.
Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of this document as a process for addressing climate change in
standards.
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Figure 1 — Schematic overview of this document
The international community has expressed a commitment to strengthen the global response to the threat
of climate change, in the context of sustainable development, including:
a) holding the increase in the global average temperature to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and
pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that
this would significantly reduce the negative climate change impacts;
b) increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and
low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production.
Climate change affects many regions of the world and includes significant climate change impacts, risks
and opportunities arising from changing weather patterns, rising sea levels and more extreme weather
events. Rapidly expanding urban areas are recognized to be particularly vulnerable. Climate extremes
affecting urban systems, such as power supplies, can lead to cascading failures in other utilities and services
compromising the safety, health and well-being of the population. The potential consequences of such
climate-related impacts, risks and opportunities include the disruption of different environmental, social
and economic systems within national economies, affecting communities and organizations, as well as
individuals, with the poorest and most vulnerable people expected to be affected the most. Action is needed,
involving both climate change adaptation and mitigation, in order to limit the effects of climate change
impacts, risks and opportunities, while also contributing to the reduction of the world’s average surface
temperature. Against this challenging outlook, the scope, need and opportunity for action on climate change
is extensive.
Climate change is acknowledged as a foremost challenge with regards to the goal of sustainable development,
which encompasses any state of the global system in which the needs of the present are met without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Standards that take into consideration climate change adaptation and/or mitigation can contribute to the
achievement of sustainability, either directly (where they specifically address sustainability issues such
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ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
as climate change) or indirectly (where they relate to testing, products, procedures, services, terminology,
management systems or assessment). It is recognized that both climate change mitigation (CCM) and
climate change adaptation (CCA)are important for all processes related to a technology, activity or product
(TAP). Although there are very important interactions, the two disciplines are distinct and are addressed
individually within this document.
Standards developers are encouraged to consider climate change issues in their work at all stages in the
standards development process. If climate change issues have not been considered, this can be a valid
reason to start the revision of a standard. In addition, the significance or relevance of specific issues can
have changed since the previous edition of a standard was drafted or reviewed. Whenever a new standard
is drafted, or an existing standard is revised, all standards developers (including project leaders, convenors,
committee chairs, committee managers and secretaries) are encouraged to actively promote the application
of this document, and to involve experts knowledgeable in the subject.
When standards developers address climate change in different existing or new standards, the result can be
an increased awareness of climate change issues among the user community across various market sectors.
Through the application of this document, users of such standards will be better able to address climate
change mitigation and/or adaptation in ways that many would not have expected or considered. And with
entirely new standards, users will realize that there are new opportunities for the market to respond to
these issues in ways not previously considered or contemplated.
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DRAFT Guide ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Guidelines for addressing climate change in standards
1 Scope
This document provides guidance to standards developers on how to take account of climate change in the
planning, drafting, revision and updating of ISO standards and other deliverables.
It outlines a framework and general principles that standards developers can use to develop their own
approach to addressing climate change on a subject-specific basis.
It aims to enable standards developers to include climate change adaptation (CCA)and climate change
mitigation (CCM) considerations in their standardization work. Considerations related to CCA are intended
to contribute to increasing preparedness and disaster risk reduction as well as impacting the resilience of
organizations and their technologies, activities or products (TAPs). Considerations related to CCM consist
primarily of approaches that seek to avoid, reduce or limit the release of GHG emissions and/or increase GHG
removals.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
climate
statistical description of weather in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of
at least 30 years or a period of time required by relevant authorities
Note 1 to entry: The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological
Organization.
Note 2 to entry: The relevant quantities are most often near-surface variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.4, modified — Replaced "time ranging from months to thousands or millions of
years" with "at least 30 years or a period of time required by relevant authorities".]
3.1.2
climate change
change in climate (3.1.1) relevant quantities that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer
Note 1 to entry: Change in climate can be identified (e.g. by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the
variability of its properties.
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
Note 2 to entry: Climate change might be due to natural processes, internal to the climate system, or external forcings
such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic (3.1.36) changes in the
composition of the atmosphere or in land use (3.1.37).
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.5, modified]
3.1.3
climate change adaptation
CCA
process of adjustment to actual or expected climate (3.1.1) and its effects
Note 1 to entry: In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.
Note 2 to entry: In some natural systems, human intervention can facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its
effects.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.1, modified — The preferred term “adaptation” has been added.]
3.1.4
climate change mitigation
mitigation
human intervention to reduce GHG emissions (3.1.13) or enhance GHG removals (3.1.14)
[SOURCE: ISO 14080:2018, 3.1.2.1, modified — The preferred term “mitigation” has been added, and the
words “to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs)” have been replaced with “to
reduce GHG emissions or enhance GHG removals” in the definition.]
3.1.5
climate change impact
effect on natural or human systems as a result of being exposed to climate change (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: Impacts can be adverse or beneficial.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.8, modified — The preferred term and definition have been contextualized
to directly refer to climate change: the term “impact” has been replaced with “climate change impact”, the
words “as a result of being exposed to climate change” have been added to the definition and the original
Note 1 to entry has been replaced.]
3.1.6
climate change risk
risk (3.1.7) of negative climate change impacts (3.1.5) that reflects the interaction among vulnerability (3.1.8),
exposure (3.1.10) and hazard (3.1.11)
Note 1 to entry: A risk assessment can include the consideration of vulnerabilities, exposure and climate change (3.1.2)
hazards, or the consideration of likelihoods (3.1.44) and consequences (3.1.43).
[SOURCE: ISO 14080:2018, 3.1.3.3, modified — The preferred term has been changed from “climate risk” to
“climate change risk”, the words “potential of negative impacts of climate change” have been replaced with
“risk of negative climate change impacts”, and the original Note 1 to entry has been replaced.]
3.1.7
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected. It can be positive, negative or both, and can address, create
or result in opportunities and threats.
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can have different aspects and categories, and can be applied at different levels.
Note 3 to entry: Risk is usually expressed in terms of risk sources (3.1.41), potential events (3.1.42), their consequences
(3.1.43) and their likelihood (3.1.44).
[SOURCE: ISO 31000:2018, 3.1]
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
3.1.8
vulnerability
propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected by climate (3.1.1) variability or change (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: Vulnerability encompasses a variety of concepts and elements including sensitivity (3.1.9) or
susceptibility to harm and lack of capacity to cope and adapt.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.15, modified —The definition has been contextualized to directly refer to
climate variability or change: the words “by climate variability or change” have been added to the definition.]
3.1.9
sensitivity
degree to which a system or species is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate (3.1.1) variability
or change (3.1.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14080:2018, 3.1.3.7, modified — The note to entry has been removed.]
3.1.10
exposure
presence of people, livelihoods, species or ecosystems, environmental functions, services, resources,
infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets in places and settings that could be adversely affected
by climate (3.1.1) variability or change (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: Exposure can change over time, for example as a result of land use (3.1.37) change.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.6, modified — The definition has been contextualized to directly refer to effect
of climate change and climate variability: the term “affected” has been replaced by “adversely affected by
climate variability or change” in the definition.]
3.1.11
hazard
potential source of injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
Note 1 to entry: The potential for harm can be in terms of loss of life, injury or other health impacts, as well as damage
and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems and environmental resources.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, the term usually refers to climate-related physical events (3.1.42) or trends or their
physical impacts.
Note 3 to entry: Hazard comprises slow-onset developments (e.g. rising temperatures over the long term) as well as
rapidly developing climatic extremes (e.g. a heatwave or a landslide) or increased variability.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.7, modified — The word “harm” has been replaced by “injury or damage to the
health of people, or damage to property or the environment” in the definition.]
3.1.12
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic (3.1.36), that absorbs and emits
radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface,
the atmosphere, and clouds
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.1.1, modified — The Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.13
greenhouse gas emission
GHG emission
release of a GHG (3.1.12) into the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.1.5]
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
3.1.14
greenhouse gas removal
GHG removal
withdrawal of a GHG (3.1.12) from the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.1.6, modified — The words “by GHG sinks” have been removed from the
definition.]
3.1.15
greenhouse gas source
GHG source
process (3.1.35) that releases a GHG (3.1.12) into the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.1.2]
3.1.16
greenhouse gas sink
GHG sink
process (3.1.35) that removes a GHG (3.1.12) from the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.1.3]
3.1.17
carbon dioxide capture and storage
carbon capture and storage
CCS
process (3.1.35) consisting of the separation of CO from industrial and energy-related sources, transportation
and injection into a geological formation, resulting in long-term isolation from the atmosphere
Note 1 to entry: CCS is often referred to as carbon capture and storage. This terminology is not encouraged because it
is inaccurate: the objective is the capture of carbon dioxide and not the capture of carbon. Tree plantation is another
form of carbon capture that does not describe precisely the physical process of removing CO from industrial emission
sources.
Note 2 to entry: The term "sequestration" is also used alternatively to "storage". The term "storage" is preferred since
“sequestration” is more generic and can also refer to biological processes (absorption of carbon by living organisms).
Note 3 to entry: Long-term means the minimum period necessary for geological storage of CO to be considered an
effective and environmentally safe climate change mitigation (3.1.4) option.
[SOURCE: ISO 27917:2017, 3.1.1, modified — The admitted term “carbon capture and storage” has been
added, and Notes 4 and 5 to entry have been removed]
3.1.18
carbon dioxide capture and utilization
CCU
process (3.1.35) of separating (capturing) CO from an industrial or manufacturing process or from air, and
converting it for use as material feedstock within another product system (3.1.30)
Note 1 to entry: CCU is sometimes referred to as CO transformation, CO conversion, CO recycling or CO upcycling.
2 2 2 2
Note 2 to entry: Currently, the CO that is captured is typically converted for use in creating fuels, chemicals, or
material feedstock or used directly for enhancing plant growth in horticulture or as a refrigerant in a liquid form.
3.1.19
greenhouse gas inventory
GHG inventory
list of GHG sources (3.1.15) and GHG sinks (3.1.16), and their quantified GHG emissions (3.1.13) and GHG
removals (3.1.14)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.2.6]
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
3.1.20
greenhouse gas programme
GHG programme
voluntary or mandatory international, national, or subnational system or scheme that registers, accounts
or manages GHG emissions (3.1.13), GHG removals (3.1.14), GHG emission reductions (3.1.22) or GHG removal
enhancements (3.1.23) outside the organization (3.1.40) or GHG project (3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.2.8]
3.1.21
greenhouse gas project
GHG project
activity or activities that alter the conditions of a GHG baseline (3.1.24) and which cause GHG emission
reductions (3.1.22) or GHG removal enhancements (3.1.23)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, 3.2.7, modified — Note to entry has been removed.]
3.1.22
greenhouse gas emission reduction
GHG emission reduction
quantified decrease in GHG emissions (3.1.13) between a baseline scenario (3.1.25) and the GHG project
(3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-2:2019, 3.1.7]
3.1.23
greenhouse gas removal enhancement
GHG removal enhancement
quantified increase in GHG removals (3.1.14) between a baseline scenario (3.1.25) and the GHG project (3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-2:2019, 3.1.8]
3.1.24
greenhouse gas baseline
GHG baseline
quantitative reference(s) of GHG emissions (3.1.13) and/or GHG removals (3.1.14) that would have occurred in
the absence of a GHG project (3.1.21) and provides the baseline scenario (3.1.25) for comparison with project
GHG emissions and/or GHG removals
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-2:2019, 3.2.5]
3.1.25
baseline scenario
hypothetical reference case that best represents the conditions most likely to occur in the absence of a
proposed GHG project (3.1.21)
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-2:2019, 3.2.6]
3.1.26
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages related to a product (3.1.29), from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural resources to end-of-life treatment.
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.4.2, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.27
life cycle assessment
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product
system (3.1.30) throughout its life cycle (3.1.26)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2]
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
3.1.28
life cycle inventory analysis
LCI
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.27) involving the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for
a product (3.1.29) throughout its life cycle (3.1.26)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.3]
3.1.29
product
goods or service
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.3.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.30
product system
collection of unit processes (3.1.31) with elementary flows and product flows, performing one or more
defined functions and which models the life cycle (3.1.26) of a product (3.1.29)
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.3.2, modified — Note to entry has been removed.]
3.1.31
unit process
smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis (3.1.28) for which input and output data are
quantified
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34]
3.1.32
carbon footprint of a product
CFP
sum of GHG emissions (3.1.13) and GHG removals (3.1.14) in a product system (3.1.30), expressed as CO
equivalents (3.1.34) and based on a life cycle assessment (3.1.27) using the single impact category of climate
change (3.1.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.1.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.33
partial carbon footprint of a product
partial CFP
sum of GHG emissions (3.1.13) and GHG removals (3.1.14) of one or more selected process(es) (3.1.35) in a
product system (3.1.30), expressed as CO equivalents (3.1.34) and based on the selected stages or processes
within the life cycle (3.1.26)
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.1.2, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.34
CO equivalent
carbon dioxide equivalent
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG (3.1.12) to that of carbon dioxide
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.2.2, modified — The third preferred term and Notes to entry have been
removed.]
3.1.35
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.3.5]
ISO/DGUIDE 84:2024(en)
3.1.36
anthropogenic
resulting from or caused by human activity
3.1.37
land use
human use or management of land within the relevant boundary
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the relevant boundary is the product system (3.1.30) under study.
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.7.4, modified — The abbreviated term “LU” has been removed and the original
Notes to entry have been replaced with the new Note to entry.]
3.1.38
standards developer
individual or group taking part in the development of a standard
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2019, 3.5]
3.1.39
interested party
stakeholder
person or organization (3.1.40) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision
or activity
EXAMPLE Customers, communities, suppliers, regulators, non-governmental organizations, investors and
employees.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015
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