ISO/TR 18159:2015

Document management — Environmental and work place safety regulations affecting microfilm processors

ISO/TR 18159:2015 provides information about environmental laws and regulations that can affect microfilm processing laboratories. These laws and regulations control the following microfilm processing activities: - storage and disposal of effluents; - storage and disposal of hazardous waste, employee safety training; - notification of the public regarding hazardous waste incidents. NOTE This Technical Report includes in an Annex, for information purposes, a discussion of The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidance Manual on the Development and Implementation of Local Discharge Limitations Under Pretreatment Programme and that guidance manual's relationship with state and local requirements in the United States. Also included in this Technical Report are examples of typical discharge limitations.

Gestion des documents — Réglementations relatives à la sécurité environnementale et du lieu de travail affectant les processeurs de microfilms

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Jul-2015
• ICS: 37.080 - Document imaging applications
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 171/SC 1 - Quality, preservation and integrity of information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 171/SC 1 - Quality, preservation and integrity of information
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Due Date: 31-May-2016
• Completion Date: 22-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 18159
First edition
2015-08-15
Document management —
Environmental and work place safety
regulations affecting microfilm
processors
Gestion des documents — Réglementations relatives à la sécurité
environnementale et du lieu de travail affectant les processeurs de
microfilms
Reference number
ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 International standard industrial classification . 4
4 Effluent pretreatment requirements . 4
5 Stream standards . 5
6 Disposal of photo processing effluents using septic tanks and leach fields .5
7 Trade effluents consents . 5
8 Photographic processing effluent characteristics . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Temperature . 9
8.3 Oxygen demand . 9
8.3.1 General. 9
8.3.2 BOD .
5 9
8.3.3 COD .10
8.4 Suspended solids .10
8.5 Chlorine demand .10
8.6 pH .10
8.7 Heavy metals .10
8.7.1 General.10
8.7.2 Silver .11
8.7.3 Chromium compound .11
8.7.4 Iron complexes .11
8.7.5 Zinc .12
8.7.6 Cadmium .12
8.7.7 Other heavy metals .12
8.8 Phenols .12
8.9 Cyano complexes .12
8.10 Thiocyanate.13
8.11 Hydroquinone .13
8.12 Ammonium .13
8.13 Phosphates and nitrates .13
8.14 Detergents, oils, and tars .13
8.15 Colour and odour .13
8.16 Flammable and explosive materials .13
8.17 Volatile organic compounds (VOC) .14
9 Effluent sampling .14
9.1 General .14
9.2 Sampling techniques .15
9.2.1 General.15
9.2.2 Grab sampling .15
9.2.3 Composite sampling.16
9.2.4 Continuous sampling .16
10 Handling samples for analysis .16
11 Pollution prevention .16
11.1 General .16
11.2 Squeegees .17
11.2.1 General.17
11.2.2 Types of squeegees .17
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ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)

11.3 Replenishment rates .17
11.4 Good housekeeping .18
12 Dilution (equalization) .18
12.1 General .18
12.2 Holding tank .18
13 Silver recovery .19
13.1 General .19
13.2 Regulatory compliance .19
13.3 Silver recovery techniques .20
14 Commercial disposal services .20
15 Current issues in environmental and work place safety regulations affecting
microfilm processing laboratories .20
16 Hazardous waste resulting from photo processing .21
17 Container storage requirements and labelling.22
18 Emergency contingency plans and procedures .22
19 Land disposal criteria.23
20 Storm water regulations .23
21 Air pollution considerations .23
22 General guidelines for ventilating photographic processing areas .24
22.1 General .24
22.2 Ventilation guidelines .24
23 Regulation of photographic processing air emissions .26
Annex A (informative) Assistance from manufacturers .27
Annex B (informative) Sample written Hazard Communication Programme in the United
States of America(Provided by U.S. Department of Labour/OSHA).28
Annex C (informative) References, statutes, and regulations applicable to the United States
of America.30
Annex D (informative) General guidelines for ventilating photographic processing areas .44
Annex E (informative) Environmental protection in France .46
Annex F (informative) Environmental protection in the United Kingdom .48
Bibliography .50
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ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO/TR 18159 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document Management Applications,
Subcommittee SC 1, Quality.
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ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)

Introduction
This Technical Report was developed to help microfilm processing laboratories understand
characteristics of effluent resulting from film processing, regulations, comply with regulations, and
report on regulation compliance. The intended audience of this technical report includes those people
responsible for maintaining an organization’s awareness of environmental regulations and those
people responsible for implementing procedures for compliance (such as training and record keeping)
and reporting their implementations.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 18159:2015(E)
Document management — Environmental and work place
safety regulations affecting microfilm processors
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides information about environmental laws and regulations that can
affect microfilm processing laboratories. These laws and regulations control the following microfilm
processing activities:
— storage and disposal of effluents;
— storage and disposal of hazardous waste, employee safety training;
— notification of the public regarding hazardous waste incidents.
NOTE This Technical Report includes in an Annex, for information purposes, a discussion of The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidance Manual on the Development and Implementation of
Local Discharge Limitations Under Pretreatment Programme and that guidance manual’s relationship with
state and local requirements in the United States. Also included in this Technical Report are examples of typical
discharge limitations.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
bath
chemical solution in water used in wet processing
2.2
bleaching
converting the reduced silver of an image to soluble silver sulphate salts, in black-and-white reversal
processing, that will be removed by clearing in colour processing (reversal or negative)
Note 1 to entry: This is the step that converts the reduced silver of an image to silver halide that will be removed
by fixing and washing.
2.3
bleaching/fixing
combining, in a single bath, the bleaching and fixing steps
Note 1 to entry: This is a step in colour processing.
2.4
clearing
removing the soluble silver sulphate salts and the stains, in black-and-white reversal processing,
resulting from bleaching action in colour processing (reversal or negative)
Note 1 to entry: This is the step that removes the stains resulting from bleaching action.
2.5
coupler
chemical compound (e.g. phenols, naphthols, pyrazolones) that combines during
colour development with the oxidation products of the developing agent to form a dye
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2.6
coupler
compound that combines with the unexposed diazonium salts to form dyes
2.7
developing agent
active agent of the developer
2.8
development
processing step in which the latent image is made visible
2.9
developer
chemical solution used in the development process
2.10
diazo film
photographic film containing one or more photosensitive layers composed of diazonium salts in a
polymeric material which react with coupler(s), contained either in photosensitive layer(s) or in the
processing solution, to form an azo dye image after film processing
2.11
drying
removing unwanted moisture from photographic materials
Note 1 to entry: This is a step in processing.
2.12
effluent
fluid discharged from a given source into the external environment
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2011, 3.2.32]
2.13
fixer
chemical used in fixing
2.14
fixing
converting the residual light sensitive silver halides into soluble salts removed by washing to make the
developed image stable
Note 1 to entry: This is a step in processing.
2.15
International Standard Industrial Classification
ISIC
International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities
Note 1 to entry: ISIC is the international reference classification of productive activities. Its main purpose is to
provide a set of activity categories that can be utilized for the collection and reporting of statistics according to
such activities (United Nations Statistics Division).
2.16
leach field
leaching field
filter that consists of layers of coarse gravel, fine gravel, coarse sand, and fine sand arranged over one
another so that a liquid flowing through one material does not carry it into the next to clog it
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2014, 5.4.45, modified.]
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2.17
micrographics
techniques associated with the production, handling, and use of microforms
2.18.1
microfilm processing
treatment of exposed photographic material by chemical or physical means to make the latent image
clearly visible and ultimately usable
2.18.2
conventional processing
processing, including development, fixing, washing, and drying of silver film in which the polarity of
the original is reversed in the image
2.18.3
reversal processing
processing of silver film in which the polarity of the original is maintained in the image
2.18.4
full reversal processing
reversal processing that requires secondary exposure and development, or a secondary development
using fogging agents
2.18.5
colour processing
processing in which the oxidation products of the developing agent react with a coupler incorporated in
the developer or film to produce a dye close to each silver grain
2.18.6
dry processing
processing in which chemicals incorporated in the film react to heat or gas or both
2.18.7
wet processing
processing using chemicals in liquid form
2.18.8
deep-tank processor
deep-tank microfilm photoprocessor
developing machine containing 30 litres to 60 litres of liquid in each bath, wherein the chemicals are
automatically replenished, and with a built-in hot air dryer
2.19
replenishment
replacing exhausted chemistry, in photographic film and paper processing, in a continuous or per-batch
fashion using fresh chemistry
Note 1 to entry: This is a process used in chemical processing.
2.20
sludge
accumulated settled solids separated from various types of water as a result of natural or artificial
processes
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2014, 10.27]
2.21
squeegee
device for scraping the excess water from the film, consisting e.g. of a holder and a blade
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2.22
toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
TCLP
soil sample extraction method for chemical analysis employed as an analytical method to simulate
leaching through a landfill
2.23
TSDF
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility
facility that is permitted to treat, store, and/or dispose hazardous waste in special units
Note 1 to entry: These units are commonly called hazardous waste management units. A facility may be permitted
to accept hazardous wastes for treatment, storage, and/or disposal from outside generators (a commercial TSDF)
or be permitted to treat, store, or dispose of its own hazardous waste (a private TSDF).
2.24
UN number
UN ID four-digit number that identifies hazardous substances and articles (such as explosives,
flammable liquids, toxic substances, etc.) in the framework of international transport
Note 1 to entry: Some hazardous substances have their own UN numbers (e.g. acrylamide has UN2074), while
sometimes groups of chemicals or products with similar properties receive a common UN number (e.g. flammable
liquids, not otherwise specified, have UN1993). A chemical in its solid state may receive a different UN number
than the liquid phase if their hazardous properties differ significantly; substances with different levels of purity
(or concentration in solution) may also receive different UN numbers.
Note 2 to entry: UN numbers range from UN0001 to about UN3506 and are assigned by the United Nations
Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. They are published as part of their Recommendations
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, also known as the Orange Book. These recommendations are adopted by
the regulatory organization responsible for the different modes of transport.
Note 3 to entry: There is no UN number allocated to non-hazardous substances. These will simply not have a UN
number.
2.25
washing
removing unwanted soluble chemicals from photographic materials using water
Note 1 to entry: This is a step in processing.
3 International standard industrial classification
Microfilm processing falls under International Standard Industrial Classification, Rev. Four (ISIC)
M 7420 — Photographic activities. This ISIC number is often requested for permits and survey forms.
4 Effluent pretreatment requirements
Although microfilm processing laboratories may not be specifically regulated, guidelines exist
for water discharge. The applicable regulation is for silver and affects those microfilm processing
laboratories that directly discharge to a receiving body of water. One can determine the amount of
silver discharged from a specific microfilm processing laboratory by collecting a representative sample
of the photo processing waste water and having it analysed by a certified analytical laboratory. Because
most microfilm processing laboratories do not discharge directly to surface water but discharge to a
municipal treatment system instead, they are not directly affected by these limits.
Microfilm processing laboratories which discharge to receiving bodies of water may be required to
have a permit. If the microfilm processing laboratory discharges directly to a surface stream, contact
the local water pollution control agency.
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5 Stream standards
Discharge permits are required by regulatory agencies. Water quality standards regulate direct
discharges into receiving bodies of water. These standards are usually stricter than sewer codes
because they reflect the quality of water after treatment. Nearly all standards include a clause that
prohibits discharging any substance that will injure fish or other aquatic life.
6 Disposal of photo processing effluents using septic tanks and leach fields
Most locations specifically prohibit the use of septic tanks for anything other than domestic waste, and
most manufacturers of photographic materials and chemistries do not recommend discharge to a septic
system. Septic tanks are used for the disposal of domestic waste primarily in areas where municipal
sewers are unavailable. Septic tanks operate with anaerobic biological action; that is, the wastes are
broken down by living organisms in the absence of an adequate oxygen supply.
One of the concerns about using a septic tank/leach field system is that, photographic effluents can
adversely affect the anaerobic digestion system unless the effluents are heavily diluted with domestic
wastes. Another concern is that, the soil may not have adequate capacity to absorb the leach field runoff.
With a sept
...