ISO 690:2010

Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources

ISO 690:2010 gives guidelines for the preparation of bibliographic references. It also gives guidelines for the preparation of citations in Latin scripts in works that are not themselves primarily bibliographical. It is applicable to bibliographic references and citations to all kinds of information resources, including but not limited to monographs, serials, contributions, patents, cartographic materials, electronic information resources (including computer software and databases), music, recorded sound, prints, photographs, graphic and audiovisual works, and moving images. It is not applicable to machine‑parsable citations. It is also not applicable to legal citations, which have their own standards. ISO 690:2010 does not prescribe a particular style of reference or citation. The examples used in ISO 690:2010 are not prescriptive as to style and punctuation. Explanations and examples of bibliographic references are also given in ISO 690:2010 to illustrate how to apply the requirements for referencing or citing printed and electronic information resources.

Information et documentation — Principes directeurs pour la rédaction des références bibliographiques et des citations des ressources d'information

L'ISO 690:2010 donne des principes directeurs pour la rédaction des références bibliographiques. Elle donne également des principes directeurs pour la rédaction en caractères latins de citations destinées à figurer dans des ouvrages qui ne sont pas eux-mêmes de nature essentiellement bibliographique. Elle s'applique aux références bibliographiques et aux citations de ressources de tous types y compris, mais sans limitation, aux monographies, aux publications en série, aux contributions, aux brevets, aux documents cartographiques, aux ressources électroniques (y compris les logiciels et les bases de données), à la musique, au son enregistré, aux estampes, aux photographies, aux œuvres graphiques et audiovisuelles et aux images animées. Elle ne s'applique pas aux citations analysables par une machine. Elle ne s'applique pas aux citations réglementaires qui disposent de leurs propres normes. L'ISO 690:2010 ne donne aucune consigne de mise en forme des références ou des citations. Le style et la ponctuation utilisés dans les exemples donnés dans l'ISO 690:2010 n'ont pas de caractère normatif. Des explications et des exemples de références bibliographiques sont également donnés dans l'ISO 690:2010 afin d'illustrer l'application des exigences relatives à l'établissement des références et des citations de ressources imprimées et électroniques.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Smernice za bibliografske navedbe in citiranje virov informacij

Ta mednarodni standard podaja smernice za pripravo bibliografskih navedb. Prav tako podaja smernice za pripravo citiranja v latinici v delih, ki sama niso v osnovi bibliografska. Velja za bibliografske navedbe in citiranje vseh vrst virov informacij, vključno, vendar ne omejeno na monografije, periodiko, članke, javne razglase, kartografske materiale, elektronske vire informacij (vključno z računalniško programsko opremo in podatkovne zbirke), glasbo, posneti zvok, tiskovine, fotografije, grafična in avdiovizualna dela ter gibljive slike.  Ne velja za citiranja, ki se jih lahko strojno analizira. Prav tako ne velja za pravna citiranje, ki imajo svoje standarde. Ta mednarodni standard ne predpisuje določenega stila navedb in citiranja. Primeri, uporabljeni v tem mednarodnem standardu, ne predpisujejo stila in postavljanja ločil. Dodatka A in B se sklicujeta na ustrezne klavzule tega mednarodnega standarda, ki obrazložijo zahteve za navajanje ali citiranje tiskanih ali elektronskih virov informacij. Dodatek C podaja primere bibliografskega citiranja, ki so skladni s tem mednarodnim standardom.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 13-Jun-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Jun-2010
• ICS: 01.140.20 - Information sciences
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 9 - Identification and description
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 9 - Identification and description
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 11-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 690:2010 - Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources

Relations

• Revised: ISO 690:2021 - Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2016
• Revises: ISO 690-2:1997 - Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 690:1987 - Documentation - Bibliographic references - Content, form and structure
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 690:1996
SIST ISO 690-2:2003
Informatika in dokumentacija - Smernice za bibliografske navedbe in citiranje virov
informacij
Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to
information resources
Information et documentation - Lignes directrices pour les références bibliographiques et
les citations de ressources d'information
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 690:2010
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 690
Third edition
2010-06-15
Information and documentation —
Guidelines for bibliographic references
and citations to information resources
Information et documentation — Principes directeurs pour la rédaction
des références bibliographiques et des citations des ressources
d'information
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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©  ISO 2010
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Basic principles for creating references.3
4 Elements of a reference.3
4.1 Sources of data.3
4.2 Transliteration.4
4.3 Abbreviation.4
4.4 Punctuation and typography.4
4.5 Order of elements.4
5 Creator.5
5.1 Selection.5
5.2 Personal names .5
5.3 Organizations or groups.6
5.4 Multiple creators.7
5.5 Pseudonyms .8
5.6 Anonymous works .9
6 Title .9
6.1 Form of title.9
6.2 Translation of title .11
6.3 Titles of serials .11
6.4 Distinction between title of contribution and title of host item .12
6.5 Conferences.12
7 Medium designation.12
8 Edition.13
8.1 Different editions .13
8.2 Updated versions .13
9 Production.13
9.1 Place .13
9.2 Publisher or alternative.14
9.3 Date.14
10 Numeration and pagination.16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Part cited .16
10.3 Omission of terms .16
11 Series title and number.16
12 Identifiers.17
13 Location.17
14 Additional general information .17
14.1 General .17
14.2 Classification .17
14.3 Size.17
14.4 Price and availability.18
14.5 Languages.18
14.6 Registered trade mark.18
14.7 Other information.18
15 Specific categories of information resource .18
15.1 General.18
15.2 Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof .18
15.3 Computer software .20
15.4 Audiovisual material.21
15.5 Cartographic material.21
15.6 Films, videos and broadcasts .22
15.7 Graphic works.23
15.8 Music.23
15.9 Patents .23
15.10 Reports in series, standards and similar publications.24
Annex A (informative) Methods of citation .25
Annex B (informative) Presentation of references.28
Annex C (informative) Examples of bibliographic references.33
Bibliography .40

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 690 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 9, Identification and description.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of ISO 690:1987 and the first edition of
ISO 690-2:1997 of which the entire texts have been amalgamated and technically revised.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 690:2010(E)

Information and documentation — Guidelines for bibliographic
references and citations to information resources
1 Scope
This International Standard gives guidelines for the preparation of bibliographic references. It also gives
guidelines for the preparation of citations in Latin scripts in works that are not themselves primarily
bibliographical. It is applicable to bibliographic references and citations to all kinds of information resources,
including but not limited to monographs, serials, contributions, patents, cartographic materials, electronic
information resources (including computer software and databases), music, recorded sound, prints,
photographs, graphic and audiovisual works, and moving images. It is not applicable to machine-parsable
citations. It is also not applicable to legal citations, which have their own standards.
This International Standard does not prescribe a particular style of reference or citation. The examples used in
this International Standard are not prescriptive as to style and punctuation.
Annexes A and B make reference to the relevant clause(s) of this International Standard which explain the
requirements for referencing or citing printed and electronic information resources. Annex C gives examples of
bibliographic references that comply with this International Standard.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
call number
reference provided to enable the custodian to locate a resource within a repository
2.2
citation
indication within the text or other form of content of a relevant reference
2.3
computer program
schedule or plan that specifies actions expressed in a form suitable for execution by a computer
[ISO/TR 9544:1988]
2.4
contribution
item provided by a creator to form part of a host resource from several creators
EXAMPLE An article in a serial.
2.5
creator
entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[ISO 15836:2009]
2.6
database
collection of data objects stored together in electronic form, according to one schema, and made accessible
by computer
NOTE Some databases, or files within a database, can also constitute a monograph or serial publication. In cases
where it can readily be determined that a specific electronic resource is a monograph or serial, those terms are preferred
over the broader term “database”.
2.7
graphic works
graphics such as photographs (including negatives and transparencies), engravings, prints, drawings, wall
charts, etc.
2.8
key title
unique name for a continuing resource, established by the ISSN Network and inseparably linked with its ISSN
[ISO 3297:2007]
2.9
landscape
orientation of a page with the longer edge running horizontally when it is in reading position
2.10
map series
number of related map sheets designed to form a single group, normally distinguishable by such common
characteristics as a collective title, a sheet-numbering system and the same scale
NOTE Normally a map series is the work of one mapping agency.
2.11
map height
vertical measurement of a map when the map is in reading position
2.12
map series designation
coded numeric or alphanumeric identification applied to a map sheet, a map series or an atlas by the
publisher
2.13
monograph
publication in print or non-print form, complete in itself or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts
2.14
neat line
a line separating the body of a map from the map margin
2.15
reference
data describing a resource or part thereof, sufficiently precise and detailed to identify it and to enable it to be
located
NOTE A reference can be: part of a list of information resources; the heading of an abstract or a critical review; a
note appended to a text, either at the foot of the page or at the end of a text; or a statement embodied in the text.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

2.16
serial
publication in print or non-print form, issued in successive parts, usually having numerical or chronological
designations, and intended to be continued indefinitely, whatever the periodicity
NOTE Serials can include periodicals, journals, newspapers, annuals, etc.
2.17
series
group of monographs, serials or other publications sharing a common title, and possibly numbered
3 Basic principles for creating references
3.1 The information included in a reference should be sufficient to clearly identify the material being cited.
3.2 The creator of the reference should determine the appropriate level of specificity at which the reference
is made (e.g. to an entire document or to a specific part of a document) based on the purposes of the citation
and the use that was made of the material being cited.
3.3 The data included in a reference should, whenever possible, be taken from the information resource
being cited.
3.4 The data recorded in the reference should reflect the specific copy or instance of the document that was
used. For online documents that are subject to change, such data include the network location of the
particular version that was used and the date on which the document was accessed.
3.5 A uniform style, format and punctuation scheme shall be used for all references in a document,
regardless of the particular style guide being used.
4 Elements of a reference
4.1 Sources of data
4.1.1 General
The data used in a reference should, if possible, be taken from the cited information resource itself. An
eye-readable source of data should be preferred to any other. Where possible, the text of machine-readable,
microform or audiovisual sources should be viewed to verify the elements of the reference. Data that are
taken from a source other than the item itself should be recorded in brackets.
Suitable sources of data for the reference, in order of preference, are the following:
a) title page or equivalent, such as title screen, home page, disc label, map face;
b) verso of title page, header, etc.;
c) cover or label permanently associated with the item, including captions on graphic works, microfiche
headers, etc.;
d) container;
e) accompanying documentation, e.g. explanatory leaflet or manual.
If any element of data appears in different forms in different places on the item, the form appearing most
prominently in the preferred source should be used unless that source is obviously incorrect, e.g. an incorrect
label has been attached.
4.1.2 Data supplied from other sources
Any information that does not appear in the cited information resource, but is supplied by the citer, should be
enclosed in brackets.
4.2 Transliteration
Any element in a non-Roman alphabet may be transliterated or romanized in accordance with the appropriate
International Standard.
4.3 Abbreviation
Generally accepted bibliographic terms should be abbreviated in accordance with the rules established in
ISO 832.
Other abbreviations should be avoided, except as provided in 5.3.4 for patents, in 6.3.4 for series titles, in
15.7.1 for graphic works and in A.4.2 for running notes.
4.4 Punctuation and typography
A consistent system of punctuation and typography should be used throughout a list of references. Each
element of a reference should be clearly separated from subsequent elements by punctuation or change of
typeface.
NOTE In order to emphasize the importance of consistency, a uniform scheme of punctuation is used in the
examples in this International Standard. The scheme is purely illustrative and does not form part of the recommendations.
4.5 Order of elements
The usual order of elements in a reference is as follows:
a) name(s) of creator(s), if available;
b) title;
c) medium designation, if necessary;
d) edition;
e) production information (place and publisher);
f) date [in the name and date system (see Annex A), the year should not normally be repeated in this
location unless a fuller date is necessary (e.g. for a serial)];
g) series title, if applicable;
h) numeration within the item;
i) standard identifier(s), if applicable;
j) availability, access or location information;
k) additional general information.
If the name and date system, commonly referred to as the Harvard system (see Annex A), is being applied,
the year element is inserted after the creator.
EXAMPLE CRANE, D., 1972. Invisible Colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Annex B illustrates the application of this recommendation in particular circumstances related to serials,
monographs, contributions and special categories of information resource.
5 Creator
5.1 Selection
The persons (see 5.2) or organizations (see 5.3) shown most prominently in the preferred source (see 4.1) as
responsible for the content of the cited item, in its published form, should be given as creator. The creator's
role varies from one type of information resource to another. If there is no obvious creator, one should be
selected from the following roles, listed in order of preference:
a) author, composer, librettist, mapping agency, surveyor, cartographer, copyist, system designer of
software, patentee, patent applicant, artist, photographer, draughtsman, graphic designer;
b) conductor, performer of music, drama, etc., director of films, inventor;
c) compiler, editor, reviser;
d) translator, engraver, photographer of another creator's work, copyist, arranger, software programmer;
e) publisher, online information provider, production company;
f) distributor, online host.
For cited information resources containing a number of contributors, a role with which a single creator is
associated should be preferred to any role with which several creators are associated (see also 5.4.3).
EXAMPLE 1 AYMARD, Maurice, ed. Dutch capitalism and world capitalism. In: Studies in Modern Capitalism. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 78-96.
EXAMPLE 2 BRITTEN, Benjamin. Eight folk song arrangements for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS (Ed). London:
Faber Music, 1980.
EXAMPLE 3 KING'S SINGERS. Christmas with the King's Singers: six arrangements for mixed voices. London:
Chappell Music, 1981.
5.2 Personal names
5.2.1 General
Names of creators should normally be given in the form in which they appear in the preferred source (but see
5.2.2), transliterated if necessary (see 4.2).
Forenames or other secondary elements should be given after the surname, if at the beginning of the
reference.
EXAMPLE 1 BACH, C.P.E.
EXAMPLE 2 DÜRER, Albrecht.
EXAMPLE 3 FOWLER, H.W.
EXAMPLE 4 GORDON, Dexter.
EXAMPLE 5 RAMON Y CAJAL, Santiago.
Treatment of secondary elements should follow the practice of the nation to which the creator belongs as
closely as possible.
EXAMPLE 6 FALLA, Manuel de. [Spanish].
EXAMPLE 7 LA FONTAINE, Jean de. [French].
EXAMPLE 8 DE LA MARE, Walter. [English].
EXAMPLE 9 KLEIST, Heinrich von. [German].
5.2.2 Variant forms
If a creator's name appears in different forms in different information resources cited in one work (e.g.
Tchaikovsky, Chaikovski), the form used in the cited information resource should be retained. Only one form
of the name, in brackets if necessary, should appear as the first element.
5.2.3 Additions
Additions to names indicating rank, office or status (academic, professional, etc.) may be retained or supplied
to distinguish creators with the same names.
EXAMPLE 1 CLARK, William, ARIBA.
EXAMPLE 2 CLARK, William, MD, MRCP.
EXAMPLE 3 BALFOUR, Robert [Col.].
EXAMPLE 4 BALFOUR, Robert [Rev.].
5.3 Organizations or groups
5.3.1 Form of name
If the creator is an organization or group of people, the form of name used in the reference should be that
which appears for the name in the bibliographic database being used for making the reference, usually a
reference to a name in a national authority file, transliterated if necessary (see 4.2).
EXAMPLE 1 ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA.
EXAMPLE 2 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE.
EXAMPLE 3 AKADEMIYA NAUK SSSR.
EXAMPLE 4 INSTITUT GÉOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL.
EXAMPLE 5 MAGYAR SZABVANYUGYI.
EXAMPLE 6 ROYAL SOCIETY.
If the name appears as a group of initials, the full form, if known, may be added in brackets, unless the body is
usually identified by the initials only, e.g. UNESCO, NATO.
5.3.2 Ambiguous names
To distinguish between different bodies with the same name, the appropriate place name should be added.
EXAMPLE TRINITY COLLEGE [Cambridge].
TRINITY COLLEGE [Dublin].
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

5.3.3 Subordinate body
If the name of an organization implies subordination to a parent body of which it is an organ or administrative
division, or if its full significance depends upon the inclusion of the name of the parent body, the latter should
be given first in the reference.
EXAMPLE 1 IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. Paints Division.
EXAMPLE 2 MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERAL RESOURCES. Air Survey Department.
A subordinate body should appear under its own name if it has specific functions of its own and the full
significance of its name is independent of that of the parent body.
EXAMPLE 3 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE. [not INSTITUT DE FRANCE. Académie française].
EXAMPLE 4 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. [not UNITED NATIONS. World Health Organization].
5.3.4 Parent body
If the parent body is a state, a federation of states or a provincial, local or municipal authority, a name in
general use should be given in preference to a full or correct official name. Foreign names may be given in the
language of the information resource or in the language of the main target audience.
EXAMPLE 1 FRANCE. [for République française].
EXAMPLE 2 HULL. [for Kingston-upon-Hull].
EXAMPLE 3 WESTMINSTER. [for City of Westminster].
For patents (see 15.9), the country of origin or originating office may be abbreviated according to the
ISO 3166 country code or the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ST3 code.
EXAMPLE 4 GB. [for United Kingdom].
5.4 Multiple creators
5.4.1 Two or three creators
If there are two or three creators of equal status, their names should be given in the reference. The name that
is given first should be in a form that is suitable to the alphabetical arrangement of a list, i.e. usually in inverted
order (family name recorded first). The name(s) of the second and subsequent creators may be recorded in
direct order, if desired. A consistent system of recording such names shall be used throughout the list of
references.
EXAMPLE 1 MURET, Pierre and Philippe SAGNAC.
EXAMPLE 2 Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung and UNESCO.
EXAMPLE 3 QU H.Q., C. POLYCHRONAKOS, and TYPE I DIABETES GENETICS CONSORTIUM.
5.4.2 More than three creators
For works with four or more creators, all names should be given if possible. If any names are omitted, the
name of the first creator shall be given followed by “and others” or “et al.”.
EXAMPLE FITTING, Hans and others.
5.4.3 Title first
For certain kinds of information resources (e.g. encyclopaedias) or if an item is the co-operative output of
many individuals, none of whom has a dominant role as creator (e.g. films), the title should be used instead of
a creator. For references to information resources with several creators, it may be appropriate to give the title
or series title first (but see 5.1). (See also 5.6 and 15.6.1.)
EXAMPLE 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
EXAMPLE 2 The last command [silent film]. Directed by Josef VON STERNBERG.
EXAMPLE 3 60 years of cool. Blue Note Records OBSBN01, 1999.
5.4.4 Conferences
If no person or organization can be identified as the creator (see 5.1) of the proceedings of a single
conference, the name of the conference should be treated as the first element.
EXAMPLE International Conference on Scientific information. Washington DC, 1958.
The numbered proceedings of a series of conferences should be treated as a serial.
5.4.5 Subsidiary creator
To facilitate identification of a particular information resource, or because of relevance to the purpose of the
citation, the name of any editor, translator or other person who has collaborated in the production of that
resource may be added after the title with an indication of the role, so placed in the reference that the relation
between that role and the whole or part of the information resource is clear.
EXAMPLE 1 BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK.
EXAMPLE 2 BACH, C.P.E. Sonate G-moll für Violine und obligates Cembalo. Herausgegeben von Anne Marlene
GURGEL.
EXAMPLE 3 FOWLER, H.W. A dictionary of modern English usage. 2nd ed. Revised by Sir Ernest GOWERS.
EXAMPLE 4 Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.
5.4.6 Originators of multiple editions
If a new edition, abridgement or updated version of an information resource is produced by a new creator, the
name of the first creator should be used if it appears as a creator in the preferred source.
EXAMPLE 1 PARKER, T.J., and W.A. HASWELL. A text book of zoology. 6th ed. Vol. 1 revised by Otto
LOWENSTEIN; vol. 2 revised by C. FORSTER-COOPER. London: Macmillan, 1940.
EXAMPLE 2 GORDON, Dexter. Settin' the pace. In: Long Tall Dexter, the Savoy Sessions [sound disc]. New York:
Savoy, 1976, SIL 2211, side B, track 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York,
NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy, MG 9003, 1947.
5.5 Pseudonyms
If a work has been issued under an assumed name, normally this name only should be given in the reference.
EXAMPLE 1 CARROLL, Lewis.
EXAMPLE 2 MAUROIS, André.
If the creator's real name is known, it may also be supplied preceded by “pseud. of”.
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

EXAMPLE 3 BLAKE, Nicholas [pseud. of Cecil Day LEWIS].
EXAMPLE 4 Æ [pseud. of RUSSELL, George William].
5.6 Anonymous works
For anonymous works cited by the name and date system (see A.2), “Anon” may be used instead of a
creator's name. For anonymous works cited by the numeric system (see A.3) or running notes (see A.4), the
title may be treated as the first element. If the creator's name is known, it may be supplied.
6 Title
6.1 Form of title
6.1.1 Preferred form
The wording and spelling of the title should be given in the form in which it appears in the preferred source
(see 4.1).
6.1.2 Alternative forms
If alternative forms of title are given in the preferred source, the most prominent should be used. If several
forms are given equal prominence, the form used should be one of the following, listed in order of preference:
a) a title in the language and script mainly used in the cited information resource;
b) the title given prominence by the order of titles or the layout;
c) a title in the language of the main target audience;
d) for cartographic material [in preference to a) or b)]:
1) an overprinted title,
2) a title in the title panel,
3) a title within the grid or other border which encloses the detail of a map,
4) a title elsewhere;
e) for graphic works:
1) a title forming part of the original design,
2) a handwritten title on the information resource, or custodian's description,
3) a popular or traditional title, e.g. Mona Lisa;
f) other forms of title.
EXAMPLE Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.3 Other title
If the cited item is widely known by, or was originally issued under, a title different from that of the preferred
source, the alternative may also be given, in brackets if necessary.
EXAMPLE 1 CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND). Children and their primary schools
[Plowden Report].
EXAMPLE 2 Cutter's Way [Cutter and Bone] [film].
EXAMPLE 3 GREAT BRITAIN. House of Commons. Official Report. Parliamentary debates [Hansard].
6.1.4 Long title
A title that is inconveniently long may be shortened by the omission of some words, but initial words, other
than the definite or indefinite article, should not be omitted, nor should the sense be altered. The omitted
words, with the exception of omitted articles, should be replaced by three dots (for abbreviation of periodical
titles, see 6.3.4).
EXAMPLE
On source: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah, comprising Asia Minor, Persia, India, Egypt and
Arabia and including the Black, Caspian and Red Seas.
Reference: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah.
6.1.5 Subtitles
Subtitles should be included if they furnish essential information about the content of an information resource
(see also 6.1.6), otherwise they may be omitted.
EXAMPLE 1 Etheldreda's Isle: a pictorial map of the Isle of Ely to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the
founding of Ely's conventual church.
EXAMPLE 2 Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.6 Ambiguous or incorrect title
Elucidation of a title that is ambiguous or fails to indicate clearly the content of the information resource may
be supplied in brackets after the title. If a title contains an obscure abbreviation, the full form, if known, may be
supplied.
EXAMPLE 1 Statistical digest of the war. [1939–1945].
EXAMPLE 2 Two trio sonatas for two violins and basso continuo. [Op.5 no. 4, 5.].
For cartographic material, the special subject and area covered should be supplied if not given in the title. The
supplied name of a geographical area should be the name in use at the date of production, rather than a
modern equivalent.
EXAMPLE 3 National topographic map series. 1:100,000. [Queensland index map].
EXAMPLE 4 Gull's eye view [of Hugh Town, St Mary's, Scilly Isles].
6.1.7 No title
If there is no clear title in the cited item, a popular or traditional title may be given, if one exists. Otherwise, a
title should be supplied in brackets, giving the following information:
a) the special subject matter;
b) the nature of the item (e.g. pamphlet, map, plan, drawing, index, engraving, photograph) and if applicable,
the name of the object depicted (e.g. the person, building, location, etc.);
c) for a single cartographic item (e.g. atlas, single-sheet map), the area covered.
EXAMPLE 1 [Wildlife sanctuaries of Trinidad].
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

EXAMPLE 2 Untitled [Judo fighters] [photograph]. In: Starkey, Hannah. Moments in the modern world:
photographic works by Hannah Starkey 1997–2000. Irish Museum of Modern Art, 2000. ISBN 1-
873654-90-1.
For a map series as a whole, the scale and series designation should also be supplied, if they are necessary
to distinguish the series from others of the same area.
EXAMPLE 3 [Western Australia forestry series. 1:63,360].
EXAMPLE 4 [Hong Kong. 1:1,000. Series HP1C].
For graphic works, the subject matter and print process should be supplied.
EXAMPLE 5 PELHAM, Henry, del. [Quin Abbey, Co. Clare. General view] [engraving].
6.2 Translation of title
The original title of a translated information resource, or a translation of the title, may be supplied immediately
after the original title.
EXAMPLE 1 The Artamonovs [Delo Artamonvykh].
EXAMPLE 2 Delo Artamonovykh [The Artamonovs].
6.3 Titles of serials
6.3.1 Qualifiers for titles
If the title of a serial issued by a society or similar organization is insufficient in itself to identify the publication,
the organization's name should be added.
EXAMPLE 1 Bulletin trimestriel. Institut archéologique du Luxembourg.
Serials with the same title should be distinguished from each other by the addition of the place of publication.
EXAMPLE 2 Natura (Amsterdam).
Natura (Bucharest).
6.3.2 Key title
The key title (see ISO 3297), if any, may be given in place of the form which appears in the preferred source
(see 4.1). The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) (see Clause 12) shall be included.
EXAMPLE 1 Geological Magazine. ISSN 0016-7568.
EXAMPLE 2 Journal of Technological Education [online]. ISSN 1045-1064.
6.3.3 Earlier or later titles
Earlier or later titles of a serial may be given, with the years when the title was in use.
EXAMPLE British Journal of Physical Education. 1970– .
Journal of Physical Education. 1945–1954.
Physical Education. 1955–1959.
6.3.4 Abbreviation
Titles of periodicals for which no key title is available may be abbreviated in accordance with ISO 4. If there is
any risk of ambiguity, the title should be given in full.
6.4 Distinction between title of contribution and title of host item
If the cited item is a contribution, its title shall be typographically distinguished from that of the host item. For
monographic publications, the use of the word “In:” should precede the title of the host item. The use of the
“In:” connector is not needed for citations that are contributions from journals and is optional for other types of
serial publications.
EXAMPLE 1 Belle de Jour. In: Magill's Survey of cinema [online]. Pasadena [CA]: Salem Press, 1985– [viewed 1994-
08-04]. Accession number 0050053. Available from: Dialog Information Services, Palo Alto [CA].
EXAMPLE 2 BRY, I., and L. AFFLERBACH. In search of an organizing principle for behavioural science literature.
Community Mental Health Journal. 1968, 4(1), pp. 75-84. ISSN 0010-3853.
EXAMPLE 3 CLARK, Carol. On the threshold of a brave new world. In: Blueprint of the body [online]. CNN.com, 2000
[viewed 24 August 2000; 10:25 EST]. In-depth specials. Available from:
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/story/overview/
EXAMPLE 4 McCONNELL, W. H. Constitutional history. In: The Canadian encyclopaedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh
version 1.1. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ©1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.
EXAMPLE 5 MICHAEL, D. The effect of local deformations on the elastic interaction of cross walls coupled by beams.
In: COULL, E.A. and B. STAFFORD-SMITH. Tall buildings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967.
In other languages, a connector other than “In” may be preferred, for example the use of “Julkaisussa” in
Finnish.
EXAMPLE 6 SUHONEN, Pertti. Suomalaiset arvot ja politiikka. Julkaisussa: Aikamerkki. 1989, 62(1), 2-23.
6.5 Conferences
If regular conferences are held with the same title, it may be necessary to add the date and place of the
conference for clarity.
7 Medium designation
If necessary, information about the nature of the information resource and/or the form in which it is made
available should be given in brackets. See also 15.2.2 on the medium designation for electronic information
resources.
EXAMPLES
[Braille]
[cine film (35 mm)]
[computer tape reel]
[CD]
[DVD]
[Blu-ray disc]
[film strip (35 mm)]
[globe]
[map]
[microfiche (48x)]
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

[microfilm reel (16 mm negative)]
[photograph]
[score]
[slide (2 in.)]
[sound disc (45 rpm)]
[videocassette (VHS PAL)]
[wall chart]
8 Edition
8.1 Different editions
The edition should be specified in the terms, including symbols, used in the preferred source.
EXAMPLE 1 3rd ed., revised.
EXAMPLE 2 New enlarged edition.
If different editions of a journal are published in different countries, e.g. Canada and the USA, the country of
publication should be given after the title.
8.2 Updated versions
For items that are likely to be updated, altered or destroyed, in whole or in part, the reference should make
clear which version is being cited by giving the number of the release, update or equivalent, and the year, with,
if necessary, the month, day and time (see 9.3.3), when that version was created or the information obtained.
EXAMPLE 1 PARALOG AB. 3RIP® [program]. Version 4.0. Stockholm: Paralog, 1981.
EXAMPLE 2 Financial Times Commodity Reports. Prestel®, page 248310, 1983-06-09 [consulted 1999-04-12, 13:57].
EXAMPLE 3 Mac OS X Update 10.4.7 Intel [software]. 27 June 2006.
For the use of the “®” symbol, see 14.6.
For clarity, both the original date of publication and the date of the update may be included.
EXAMPLE 4 International DOI Foundation. DOI Handbook [online]. ©2006. Updated 19 September 2007 [viewed
20 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.doi.org/hb.html
9 Production
9.1 Place
9.1.1 General
The place of production should be given as it appears most prominently in the preferred source. If the place is
known but not mentioned in the preferred source, it may be supplied in brackets.
For larger, well-known places, the place name alone may be given. For smaller places, a qualifier should be
added (e.g. county, department, state, province, country) to the place name.
EXAMPLE 1 London.
EXAMPLE 2 London (Ontario).
Names of countries, counties, etc., may be coded in accordance with ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2.
9.1.2 Multiple places
If two or more place names appear equally prominently in association with one publisher, distributor, producer,
etc., only the first place name should be given.
9.2 Publisher or alternative
9.2.1 General
The organization or person shown most prominently in the preferred source (see 4.1) as responsible for the
production of the cited item should be given as publisher.
EXAMPLE DIALOG INFORMATION SERVICES. Enhancements to the DIALOG Search System: DIALOG version 2
(user manual update). Palo Alto [California]: DIALOG, 1985 Nov. Technical Memo 5.
The organizations or people responsible are likely to be
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 690
Third edition
2010-06-15
Information and documentation —
Guidelines for bibliographic references
and citations to information resources
Information et documentation — Principes directeurs pour la rédaction
des références bibliographiques et des citations des ressources
d'information
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Basic principles for creating references.3
4 Elements of a reference.3
4.1 Sources of data.3
4.2 Transliteration.4
4.3 Abbreviation.4
4.4 Punctuation and typography.4
4.5 Order of elements.4
5 Creator.5
5.1 Selection.5
5.2 Personal names .5
5.3 Organizations or groups.6
5.4 Multiple creators.7
5.5 Pseudonyms .8
5.6 Anonymous works .9
6 Title .9
6.1 Form of title.9
6.2 Translation of title .11
6.3 Titles of serials .11
6.4 Distinction between title of contribution and title of host item .12
6.5 Conferences.12
7 Medium designation.12
8 Edition.13
8.1 Different editions .13
8.2 Updated versions .13
9 Production.13
9.1 Place .13
9.2 Publisher or alternative.14
9.3 Date.14
10 Numeration and pagination.16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Part cited .16
10.3 Omission of terms .16
11 Series title and number.16
12 Identifiers.17
13 Location.17
14 Additional general information .17
14.1 General .17
14.2 Classification .17
14.3 Size.17
14.4 Price and availability.18
14.5 Languages.18
14.6 Registered trade mark.18
14.7 Other information.18
15 Specific categories of information resource .18
15.1 General.18
15.2 Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof .18
15.3 Computer software .20
15.4 Audiovisual material.21
15.5 Cartographic material.21
15.6 Films, videos and broadcasts .22
15.7 Graphic works.23
15.8 Music.23
15.9 Patents .23
15.10 Reports in series, standards and similar publications.24
Annex A (informative) Methods of citation .25
Annex B (informative) Presentation of references.28
Annex C (informative) Examples of bibliographic references.33
Bibliography .40

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 690 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 9, Identification and description.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of ISO 690:1987 and the first edition of
ISO 690-2:1997 of which the entire texts have been amalgamated and technically revised.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 690:2010(E)

Information and documentation — Guidelines for bibliographic
references and citations to information resources
1 Scope
This International Standard gives guidelines for the preparation of bibliographic references. It also gives
guidelines for the preparation of citations in Latin scripts in works that are not themselves primarily
bibliographical. It is applicable to bibliographic references and citations to all kinds of information resources,
including but not limited to monographs, serials, contributions, patents, cartographic materials, electronic
information resources (including computer software and databases), music, recorded sound, prints,
photographs, graphic and audiovisual works, and moving images. It is not applicable to machine-parsable
citations. It is also not applicable to legal citations, which have their own standards.
This International Standard does not prescribe a particular style of reference or citation. The examples used in
this International Standard are not prescriptive as to style and punctuation.
Annexes A and B make reference to the relevant clause(s) of this International Standard which explain the
requirements for referencing or citing printed and electronic information resources. Annex C gives examples of
bibliographic references that comply with this International Standard.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
call number
reference provided to enable the custodian to locate a resource within a repository
2.2
citation
indication within the text or other form of content of a relevant reference
2.3
computer program
schedule or plan that specifies actions expressed in a form suitable for execution by a computer
[ISO/TR 9544:1988]
2.4
contribution
item provided by a creator to form part of a host resource from several creators
EXAMPLE An article in a serial.
2.5
creator
entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[ISO 15836:2009]
2.6
database
collection of data objects stored together in electronic form, according to one schema, and made accessible
by computer
NOTE Some databases, or files within a database, can also constitute a monograph or serial publication. In cases
where it can readily be determined that a specific electronic resource is a monograph or serial, those terms are preferred
over the broader term “database”.
2.7
graphic works
graphics such as photographs (including negatives and transparencies), engravings, prints, drawings, wall
charts, etc.
2.8
key title
unique name for a continuing resource, established by the ISSN Network and inseparably linked with its ISSN
[ISO 3297:2007]
2.9
landscape
orientation of a page with the longer edge running horizontally when it is in reading position
2.10
map series
number of related map sheets designed to form a single group, normally distinguishable by such common
characteristics as a collective title, a sheet-numbering system and the same scale
NOTE Normally a map series is the work of one mapping agency.
2.11
map height
vertical measurement of a map when the map is in reading position
2.12
map series designation
coded numeric or alphanumeric identification applied to a map sheet, a map series or an atlas by the
publisher
2.13
monograph
publication in print or non-print form, complete in itself or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts
2.14
neat line
a line separating the body of a map from the map margin
2.15
reference
data describing a resource or part thereof, sufficiently precise and detailed to identify it and to enable it to be
located
NOTE A reference can be: part of a list of information resources; the heading of an abstract or a critical review; a
note appended to a text, either at the foot of the page or at the end of a text; or a statement embodied in the text.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

2.16
serial
publication in print or non-print form, issued in successive parts, usually having numerical or chronological
designations, and intended to be continued indefinitely, whatever the periodicity
NOTE Serials can include periodicals, journals, newspapers, annuals, etc.
2.17
series
group of monographs, serials or other publications sharing a common title, and possibly numbered
3 Basic principles for creating references
3.1 The information included in a reference should be sufficient to clearly identify the material being cited.
3.2 The creator of the reference should determine the appropriate level of specificity at which the reference
is made (e.g. to an entire document or to a specific part of a document) based on the purposes of the citation
and the use that was made of the material being cited.
3.3 The data included in a reference should, whenever possible, be taken from the information resource
being cited.
3.4 The data recorded in the reference should reflect the specific copy or instance of the document that was
used. For online documents that are subject to change, such data include the network location of the
particular version that was used and the date on which the document was accessed.
3.5 A uniform style, format and punctuation scheme shall be used for all references in a document,
regardless of the particular style guide being used.
4 Elements of a reference
4.1 Sources of data
4.1.1 General
The data used in a reference should, if possible, be taken from the cited information resource itself. An
eye-readable source of data should be preferred to any other. Where possible, the text of machine-readable,
microform or audiovisual sources should be viewed to verify the elements of the reference. Data that are
taken from a source other than the item itself should be recorded in brackets.
Suitable sources of data for the reference, in order of preference, are the following:
a) title page or equivalent, such as title screen, home page, disc label, map face;
b) verso of title page, header, etc.;
c) cover or label permanently associated with the item, including captions on graphic works, microfiche
headers, etc.;
d) container;
e) accompanying documentation, e.g. explanatory leaflet or manual.
If any element of data appears in different forms in different places on the item, the form appearing most
prominently in the preferred source should be used unless that source is obviously incorrect, e.g. an incorrect
label has been attached.
4.1.2 Data supplied from other sources
Any information that does not appear in the cited information resource, but is supplied by the citer, should be
enclosed in brackets.
4.2 Transliteration
Any element in a non-Roman alphabet may be transliterated or romanized in accordance with the appropriate
International Standard.
4.3 Abbreviation
Generally accepted bibliographic terms should be abbreviated in accordance with the rules established in
ISO 832.
Other abbreviations should be avoided, except as provided in 5.3.4 for patents, in 6.3.4 for series titles, in
15.7.1 for graphic works and in A.4.2 for running notes.
4.4 Punctuation and typography
A consistent system of punctuation and typography should be used throughout a list of references. Each
element of a reference should be clearly separated from subsequent elements by punctuation or change of
typeface.
NOTE In order to emphasize the importance of consistency, a uniform scheme of punctuation is used in the
examples in this International Standard. The scheme is purely illustrative and does not form part of the recommendations.
4.5 Order of elements
The usual order of elements in a reference is as follows:
a) name(s) of creator(s), if available;
b) title;
c) medium designation, if necessary;
d) edition;
e) production information (place and publisher);
f) date [in the name and date system (see Annex A), the year should not normally be repeated in this
location unless a fuller date is necessary (e.g. for a serial)];
g) series title, if applicable;
h) numeration within the item;
i) standard identifier(s), if applicable;
j) availability, access or location information;
k) additional general information.
If the name and date system, commonly referred to as the Harvard system (see Annex A), is being applied,
the year element is inserted after the creator.
EXAMPLE CRANE, D., 1972. Invisible Colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Annex B illustrates the application of this recommendation in particular circumstances related to serials,
monographs, contributions and special categories of information resource.
5 Creator
5.1 Selection
The persons (see 5.2) or organizations (see 5.3) shown most prominently in the preferred source (see 4.1) as
responsible for the content of the cited item, in its published form, should be given as creator. The creator's
role varies from one type of information resource to another. If there is no obvious creator, one should be
selected from the following roles, listed in order of preference:
a) author, composer, librettist, mapping agency, surveyor, cartographer, copyist, system designer of
software, patentee, patent applicant, artist, photographer, draughtsman, graphic designer;
b) conductor, performer of music, drama, etc., director of films, inventor;
c) compiler, editor, reviser;
d) translator, engraver, photographer of another creator's work, copyist, arranger, software programmer;
e) publisher, online information provider, production company;
f) distributor, online host.
For cited information resources containing a number of contributors, a role with which a single creator is
associated should be preferred to any role with which several creators are associated (see also 5.4.3).
EXAMPLE 1 AYMARD, Maurice, ed. Dutch capitalism and world capitalism. In: Studies in Modern Capitalism. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 78-96.
EXAMPLE 2 BRITTEN, Benjamin. Eight folk song arrangements for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS (Ed). London:
Faber Music, 1980.
EXAMPLE 3 KING'S SINGERS. Christmas with the King's Singers: six arrangements for mixed voices. London:
Chappell Music, 1981.
5.2 Personal names
5.2.1 General
Names of creators should normally be given in the form in which they appear in the preferred source (but see
5.2.2), transliterated if necessary (see 4.2).
Forenames or other secondary elements should be given after the surname, if at the beginning of the
reference.
EXAMPLE 1 BACH, C.P.E.
EXAMPLE 2 DÜRER, Albrecht.
EXAMPLE 3 FOWLER, H.W.
EXAMPLE 4 GORDON, Dexter.
EXAMPLE 5 RAMON Y CAJAL, Santiago.
Treatment of secondary elements should follow the practice of the nation to which the creator belongs as
closely as possible.
EXAMPLE 6 FALLA, Manuel de. [Spanish].
EXAMPLE 7 LA FONTAINE, Jean de. [French].
EXAMPLE 8 DE LA MARE, Walter. [English].
EXAMPLE 9 KLEIST, Heinrich von. [German].
5.2.2 Variant forms
If a creator's name appears in different forms in different information resources cited in one work (e.g.
Tchaikovsky, Chaikovski), the form used in the cited information resource should be retained. Only one form
of the name, in brackets if necessary, should appear as the first element.
5.2.3 Additions
Additions to names indicating rank, office or status (academic, professional, etc.) may be retained or supplied
to distinguish creators with the same names.
EXAMPLE 1 CLARK, William, ARIBA.
EXAMPLE 2 CLARK, William, MD, MRCP.
EXAMPLE 3 BALFOUR, Robert [Col.].
EXAMPLE 4 BALFOUR, Robert [Rev.].
5.3 Organizations or groups
5.3.1 Form of name
If the creator is an organization or group of people, the form of name used in the reference should be that
which appears for the name in the bibliographic database being used for making the reference, usually a
reference to a name in a national authority file, transliterated if necessary (see 4.2).
EXAMPLE 1 ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA.
EXAMPLE 2 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE.
EXAMPLE 3 AKADEMIYA NAUK SSSR.
EXAMPLE 4 INSTITUT GÉOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL.
EXAMPLE 5 MAGYAR SZABVANYUGYI.
EXAMPLE 6 ROYAL SOCIETY.
If the name appears as a group of initials, the full form, if known, may be added in brackets, unless the body is
usually identified by the initials only, e.g. UNESCO, NATO.
5.3.2 Ambiguous names
To distinguish between different bodies with the same name, the appropriate place name should be added.
EXAMPLE TRINITY COLLEGE [Cambridge].
TRINITY COLLEGE [Dublin].
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

5.3.3 Subordinate body
If the name of an organization implies subordination to a parent body of which it is an organ or administrative
division, or if its full significance depends upon the inclusion of the name of the parent body, the latter should
be given first in the reference.
EXAMPLE 1 IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. Paints Division.
EXAMPLE 2 MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERAL RESOURCES. Air Survey Department.
A subordinate body should appear under its own name if it has specific functions of its own and the full
significance of its name is independent of that of the parent body.
EXAMPLE 3 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE. [not INSTITUT DE FRANCE. Académie française].
EXAMPLE 4 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. [not UNITED NATIONS. World Health Organization].
5.3.4 Parent body
If the parent body is a state, a federation of states or a provincial, local or municipal authority, a name in
general use should be given in preference to a full or correct official name. Foreign names may be given in the
language of the information resource or in the language of the main target audience.
EXAMPLE 1 FRANCE. [for République française].
EXAMPLE 2 HULL. [for Kingston-upon-Hull].
EXAMPLE 3 WESTMINSTER. [for City of Westminster].
For patents (see 15.9), the country of origin or originating office may be abbreviated according to the
ISO 3166 country code or the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ST3 code.
EXAMPLE 4 GB. [for United Kingdom].
5.4 Multiple creators
5.4.1 Two or three creators
If there are two or three creators of equal status, their names should be given in the reference. The name that
is given first should be in a form that is suitable to the alphabetical arrangement of a list, i.e. usually in inverted
order (family name recorded first). The name(s) of the second and subsequent creators may be recorded in
direct order, if desired. A consistent system of recording such names shall be used throughout the list of
references.
EXAMPLE 1 MURET, Pierre and Philippe SAGNAC.
EXAMPLE 2 Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung and UNESCO.
EXAMPLE 3 QU H.Q., C. POLYCHRONAKOS, and TYPE I DIABETES GENETICS CONSORTIUM.
5.4.2 More than three creators
For works with four or more creators, all names should be given if possible. If any names are omitted, the
name of the first creator shall be given followed by “and others” or “et al.”.
EXAMPLE FITTING, Hans and others.
5.4.3 Title first
For certain kinds of information resources (e.g. encyclopaedias) or if an item is the co-operative output of
many individuals, none of whom has a dominant role as creator (e.g. films), the title should be used instead of
a creator. For references to information resources with several creators, it may be appropriate to give the title
or series title first (but see 5.1). (See also 5.6 and 15.6.1.)
EXAMPLE 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
EXAMPLE 2 The last command [silent film]. Directed by Josef VON STERNBERG.
EXAMPLE 3 60 years of cool. Blue Note Records OBSBN01, 1999.
5.4.4 Conferences
If no person or organization can be identified as the creator (see 5.1) of the proceedings of a single
conference, the name of the conference should be treated as the first element.
EXAMPLE International Conference on Scientific information. Washington DC, 1958.
The numbered proceedings of a series of conferences should be treated as a serial.
5.4.5 Subsidiary creator
To facilitate identification of a particular information resource, or because of relevance to the purpose of the
citation, the name of any editor, translator or other person who has collaborated in the production of that
resource may be added after the title with an indication of the role, so placed in the reference that the relation
between that role and the whole or part of the information resource is clear.
EXAMPLE 1 BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK.
EXAMPLE 2 BACH, C.P.E. Sonate G-moll für Violine und obligates Cembalo. Herausgegeben von Anne Marlene
GURGEL.
EXAMPLE 3 FOWLER, H.W. A dictionary of modern English usage. 2nd ed. Revised by Sir Ernest GOWERS.
EXAMPLE 4 Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.
5.4.6 Originators of multiple editions
If a new edition, abridgement or updated version of an information resource is produced by a new creator, the
name of the first creator should be used if it appears as a creator in the preferred source.
EXAMPLE 1 PARKER, T.J., and W.A. HASWELL. A text book of zoology. 6th ed. Vol. 1 revised by Otto
LOWENSTEIN; vol. 2 revised by C. FORSTER-COOPER. London: Macmillan, 1940.
EXAMPLE 2 GORDON, Dexter. Settin' the pace. In: Long Tall Dexter, the Savoy Sessions [sound disc]. New York:
Savoy, 1976, SIL 2211, side B, track 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York,
NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy, MG 9003, 1947.
5.5 Pseudonyms
If a work has been issued under an assumed name, normally this name only should be given in the reference.
EXAMPLE 1 CARROLL, Lewis.
EXAMPLE 2 MAUROIS, André.
If the creator's real name is known, it may also be supplied preceded by “pseud. of”.
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

EXAMPLE 3 BLAKE, Nicholas [pseud. of Cecil Day LEWIS].
EXAMPLE 4 Æ [pseud. of RUSSELL, George William].
5.6 Anonymous works
For anonymous works cited by the name and date system (see A.2), “Anon” may be used instead of a
creator's name. For anonymous works cited by the numeric system (see A.3) or running notes (see A.4), the
title may be treated as the first element. If the creator's name is known, it may be supplied.
6 Title
6.1 Form of title
6.1.1 Preferred form
The wording and spelling of the title should be given in the form in which it appears in the preferred source
(see 4.1).
6.1.2 Alternative forms
If alternative forms of title are given in the preferred source, the most prominent should be used. If several
forms are given equal prominence, the form used should be one of the following, listed in order of preference:
a) a title in the language and script mainly used in the cited information resource;
b) the title given prominence by the order of titles or the layout;
c) a title in the language of the main target audience;
d) for cartographic material [in preference to a) or b)]:
1) an overprinted title,
2) a title in the title panel,
3) a title within the grid or other border which encloses the detail of a map,
4) a title elsewhere;
e) for graphic works:
1) a title forming part of the original design,
2) a handwritten title on the information resource, or custodian's description,
3) a popular or traditional title, e.g. Mona Lisa;
f) other forms of title.
EXAMPLE Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.3 Other title
If the cited item is widely known by, or was originally issued under, a title different from that of the preferred
source, the alternative may also be given, in brackets if necessary.
EXAMPLE 1 CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND). Children and their primary schools
[Plowden Report].
EXAMPLE 2 Cutter's Way [Cutter and Bone] [film].
EXAMPLE 3 GREAT BRITAIN. House of Commons. Official Report. Parliamentary debates [Hansard].
6.1.4 Long title
A title that is inconveniently long may be shortened by the omission of some words, but initial words, other
than the definite or indefinite article, should not be omitted, nor should the sense be altered. The omitted
words, with the exception of omitted articles, should be replaced by three dots (for abbreviation of periodical
titles, see 6.3.4).
EXAMPLE
On source: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah, comprising Asia Minor, Persia, India, Egypt and
Arabia and including the Black, Caspian and Red Seas.
Reference: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah.
6.1.5 Subtitles
Subtitles should be included if they furnish essential information about the content of an information resource
(see also 6.1.6), otherwise they may be omitted.
EXAMPLE 1 Etheldreda's Isle: a pictorial map of the Isle of Ely to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the
founding of Ely's conventual church.
EXAMPLE 2 Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.6 Ambiguous or incorrect title
Elucidation of a title that is ambiguous or fails to indicate clearly the content of the information resource may
be supplied in brackets after the title. If a title contains an obscure abbreviation, the full form, if known, may be
supplied.
EXAMPLE 1 Statistical digest of the war. [1939–1945].
EXAMPLE 2 Two trio sonatas for two violins and basso continuo. [Op.5 no. 4, 5.].
For cartographic material, the special subject and area covered should be supplied if not given in the title. The
supplied name of a geographical area should be the name in use at the date of production, rather than a
modern equivalent.
EXAMPLE 3 National topographic map series. 1:100,000. [Queensland index map].
EXAMPLE 4 Gull's eye view [of Hugh Town, St Mary's, Scilly Isles].
6.1.7 No title
If there is no clear title in the cited item, a popular or traditional title may be given, if one exists. Otherwise, a
title should be supplied in brackets, giving the following information:
a) the special subject matter;
b) the nature of the item (e.g. pamphlet, map, plan, drawing, index, engraving, photograph) and if applicable,
the name of the object depicted (e.g. the person, building, location, etc.);
c) for a single cartographic item (e.g. atlas, single-sheet map), the area covered.
EXAMPLE 1 [Wildlife sanctuaries of Trinidad].
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

EXAMPLE 2 Untitled [Judo fighters] [photograph]. In: Starkey, Hannah. Moments in the modern world:
photographic works by Hannah Starkey 1997–2000. Irish Museum of Modern Art, 2000. ISBN 1-
873654-90-1.
For a map series as a whole, the scale and series designation should also be supplied, if they are necessary
to distinguish the series from others of the same area.
EXAMPLE 3 [Western Australia forestry series. 1:63,360].
EXAMPLE 4 [Hong Kong. 1:1,000. Series HP1C].
For graphic works, the subject matter and print process should be supplied.
EXAMPLE 5 PELHAM, Henry, del. [Quin Abbey, Co. Clare. General view] [engraving].
6.2 Translation of title
The original title of a translated information resource, or a translation of the title, may be supplied immediately
after the original title.
EXAMPLE 1 The Artamonovs [Delo Artamonvykh].
EXAMPLE 2 Delo Artamonovykh [The Artamonovs].
6.3 Titles of serials
6.3.1 Qualifiers for titles
If the title of a serial issued by a society or similar organization is insufficient in itself to identify the publication,
the organization's name should be added.
EXAMPLE 1 Bulletin trimestriel. Institut archéologique du Luxembourg.
Serials with the same title should be distinguished from each other by the addition of the place of publication.
EXAMPLE 2 Natura (Amsterdam).
Natura (Bucharest).
6.3.2 Key title
The key title (see ISO 3297), if any, may be given in place of the form which appears in the preferred source
(see 4.1). The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) (see Clause 12) shall be included.
EXAMPLE 1 Geological Magazine. ISSN 0016-7568.
EXAMPLE 2 Journal of Technological Education [online]. ISSN 1045-1064.
6.3.3 Earlier or later titles
Earlier or later titles of a serial may be given, with the years when the title was in use.
EXAMPLE British Journal of Physical Education. 1970– .
Journal of Physical Education. 1945–1954.
Physical Education. 1955–1959.
6.3.4 Abbreviation
Titles of periodicals for which no key title is available may be abbreviated in accordance with ISO 4. If there is
any risk of ambiguity, the title should be given in full.
6.4 Distinction between title of contribution and title of host item
If the cited item is a contribution, its title shall be typographically distinguished from that of the host item. For
monographic publications, the use of the word “In:” should precede the title of the host item. The use of the
“In:” connector is not needed for citations that are contributions from journals and is optional for other types of
serial publications.
EXAMPLE 1 Belle de Jour. In: Magill's Survey of cinema [online]. Pasadena [CA]: Salem Press, 1985– [viewed 1994-
08-04]. Accession number 0050053. Available from: Dialog Information Services, Palo Alto [CA].
EXAMPLE 2 BRY, I., and L. AFFLERBACH. In search of an organizing principle for behavioural science literature.
Community Mental Health Journal. 1968, 4(1), pp. 75-84. ISSN 0010-3853.
EXAMPLE 3 CLARK, Carol. On the threshold of a brave new world. In: Blueprint of the body [online]. CNN.com, 2000
[viewed 24 August 2000; 10:25 EST]. In-depth specials. Available from:
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/story/overview/
EXAMPLE 4 McCONNELL, W. H. Constitutional history. In: The Canadian encyclopaedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh
version 1.1. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ©1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.
EXAMPLE 5 MICHAEL, D. The effect of local deformations on the elastic interaction of cross walls coupled by beams.
In: COULL, E.A. and B. STAFFORD-SMITH. Tall buildings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967.
In other languages, a connector other than “In” may be preferred, for example the use of “Julkaisussa” in
Finnish.
EXAMPLE 6 SUHONEN, Pertti. Suomalaiset arvot ja politiikka. Julkaisussa: Aikamerkki. 1989, 62(1), 2-23.
6.5 Conferences
If regular conferences are held with the same title, it may be necessary to add the date and place of the
conference for clarity.
7 Medium designation
If necessary, information about the nature of the information resource and/or the form in which it is made
available should be given in brackets. See also 15.2.2 on the medium designation for electronic information
resources.
EXAMPLES
[Braille]
[cine film (35 mm)]
[computer tape reel]
[CD]
[DVD]
[Blu-ray disc]
[film strip (35 mm)]
[globe]
[map]
[microfiche (48x)]
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

[microfilm reel (16 mm negative)]
[photograph]
[score]
[slide (2 in.)]
[sound disc (45 rpm)]
[videocassette (VHS PAL)]
[wall chart]
8 Edition
8.1 Different editions
The edition should be specified in the terms, including symbols, used in the preferred source.
EXAMPLE 1 3rd ed., revised.
EXAMPLE 2 New enlarged edition.
If different editions of a journal are published in different countries, e.g. Canada and the USA, the country of
publication should be given after the title.
8.2 Updated versions
For items that are likely to be updated, altered or destroyed, in whole or in part, the reference should make
clear which version is being cited by giving the number of the release, update or equivalent, and the year, with,
if necessary, the month, day and time (see 9.3.3), when that version was created or the information obtained.
EXAMPLE 1 PARALOG AB. 3RIP® [program]. Version 4.0. Stockholm: Paralog, 1981.
EXAMPLE 2 Financial Times Commodity Reports. Prestel®, page 248310, 1983-06-09 [consulted 1999-04-12, 13:57].
EXAMPLE 3 Mac OS X Update 10.4.7 Intel [software]. 27 June 2006.
For the use of the “®” symbol, see 14.6.
For clarity, both the original date of publication and the date of the update may be included.
EXAMPLE 4 International DOI Foundation. DOI Handbook [online]. ©2006. Updated 19 September 2007 [viewed
20 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.doi.org/hb.html
9 Production
9.1 Place
9.1.1 General
The place of production should be given as it appears most prominently in the preferred source. If the place is
known but not mentioned in the preferred source, it may be supplied in brackets.
For larger, well-known places, the place name alone may be given. For smaller places, a qualifier should be
added (e.g. county, department, state, province, country) to the place name.
EXAMPLE 1 London.
EXAMPLE 2 London (Ontario).
Names of countries, counties, etc., may be coded in accordance with ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2.
9.1.2 Multiple places
If two or more place names appear equally prominently in association with one publisher, distributor, producer,
etc., only the first place name should be given.
9.2 Publisher or alternative
9.2.1 General
The organization or person shown most prominently in the preferred source (see 4.1) as responsible for the
production of the cited item should be given as publisher.
EXAMPLE DIALOG INFORMATION SERVICES. Enhancements to the DIALOG Search System: DIALOG version 2
(user manual update). Palo Alto [California]: DIALOG, 1985 Nov. Technical Memo 5.
The organizations or people responsible are likely to be variously described in different kinds of items. The
order of preference should be:
a) publisher or production company;
b) distributor or issuing body;
c) printer or manufacturer;
d) sponsoring body.
Publishers' names may be abbreviated by omitting details not essential for identification.
9.2.2 Multiple publishers
If the names of two or more organizations appear equally prominently in the same role, only the first should be
given.
9.2.3 Sponsor, distributor, etc.
If appropriate, the name of a sponsoring body or distributor may be given as well as the publisher's.
EXAMPLE 1 Chichester: Phillimore, for the Society of Genealogists.
EXAMPLE 2 Paramount Pictures 1928. London: distributed in the UK by Universal International Pictures (UK).
EXAMPLE 3 Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy
MG 9003, 1947.
9.3 Date
9.3.1 General
The date of publication, manufacture, distribution, execution, transmission, etc., should be cited. Normally the
year is sufficient, but for some kinds of items (e.g. online information resources, newspapers, patents,
television images and remotely-sensed images), the month and day, and sometimes the time, may be
necessary.
For audiovisual materials cited from a
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 690
Troisième édition
2010-06-15
Information et documentation —
Principes directeurs pour la rédaction
des références bibliographiques et des
citations des ressources d'information
Information and documentation — Guidelines for bibliographic
references and citations to information resources

Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2010
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veuillez en informer le Secrétariat central à l'adresse donnée ci-dessous.

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2010
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
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Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Termes et définitions .1
3 Principes de base applicables à la création de références.3
4 Éléments d'une référence.3
4.1 Sources des données .3
4.2 Translittération .4
4.3 Abréviation.4
4.4 Ponctuation et typographie.4
4.5 Ordre des éléments .4
5 Créateur.5
5.1 Choix.5
5.2 Noms de personnes .6
5.3 Organismes ou groupes .7
5.4 Plusieurs créateurs .8
5.5 Pseudonymes .9
5.6 Œuvres anonymes.9
6 Titre.9
6.1 Forme du titre .9
6.2 Traduction du titre.12
6.3 Titres des publications en série.12
6.4 Distinction entre le titre de la contribution et le titre de la ressource hôte.12
6.5 Conférences.13
7 Indication du support.13
8 Édition.14
8.1 Éditions différentes .14
8.2 Versions mises à jour .14
9 Production.14
9.1 Lieu .14
9.2 Éditeur ou fonction équivalente.15
9.3 Date.15
10 Numérotation et pagination.17
10.1 Généralités .17
10.2 Partie citée .17
10.3 Omission de termes .17
11 Titre de collection et numéro .18
12 Identifiants .18
13 Localisation.18
14 Informations générales complémentaires .18
14.1 Généralités .18
14.2 Classification .18
14.3 Dimensions .19
14.4 Prix et disponibilité .19
14.5 Langues.19
14.6 Marque déposée .19
14.7 Autres informations.19
15 Catégories particulières de ressources .19
15.1 Généralités .19
15.2 Ressources ou parties de ressources électroniques et contributions associées .20
15.3 Logiciels .22
15.4 Ressources audiovisuelles.22
15.5 Documents cartographiques .22
15.6 Films, vidéos et émissions de télévision .24
15.7 Œuvres graphiques .24
15.8 Musique .25
15.9 Brevets.25
15.10 Rapports techniques en collections, normes et publications similaires .26
Annexe A (informative) Méthodes de citation .27
Annexe B (informative) Présentation des références.30
Annexe C (informative) Exemples de références bibliographiques.35
Bibliographie .42

iv © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 690 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité SC 9,
Identification et description.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition de l'ISO 690:1987 et la première édition de
l'ISO 690-2:1997 dont les textes ont été fusionnés dans leur intégralité et ont fait l'objet d'une révision
technique.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 690:2010(F)

Information et documentation — Principes directeurs pour la
rédaction des références bibliographiques et des citations des
ressources d'information
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale donne des principes directeurs pour la rédaction des références
bibliographiques. Elle donne également des principes directeurs pour la rédaction en caractères latins de
citations destinées à figurer dans des ouvrages qui ne sont pas eux-mêmes de nature essentiellement
bibliographique. Elle s'applique aux références bibliographiques et aux citations de ressources de tous types y
compris, mais sans limitation, aux monographies, aux publications en série, aux contributions, aux brevets,
aux documents cartographiques, aux ressources électroniques (y compris les logiciels et les bases de
données), à la musique, au son enregistré, aux estampes, aux photographies, aux œuvres graphiques et
audiovisuelles et aux images animées. Elle ne s'applique pas aux citations analysables par une machine. Elle
ne s'applique pas aux citations réglementaires qui disposent de leurs propres normes.
La présente Norme internationale ne donne aucune consigne de mise en forme des références ou des
citations. Le style et la ponctuation utilisés dans les exemples donnés dans la présente Norme internationale
n'ont pas de caractère normatif.
Les Annexes A et B font référence aux articles pertinents de la présente Norme internationale qui explicitent
les exigences relatives à l'établissement des références et des citations de ressources imprimées et
électroniques. L'Annexe C donne des exemples de références bibliographiques conformes à la présente
Norme internationale.
2 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
2.1
cote
référence permettant au responsable du fonds de localiser une ressource dans un lieu de conservation
2.2
citation
indication dans un texte ou une autre forme de contenu d'une référence correspondante
2.3
programme informatique
programme ou plan qui définit les actions sous une forme exécutable par ordinateur
[ISO/TR 9544:1988]
2.4
contribution
document fourni par un créateur pour faire partie d'une ressource hôte, composée des contributions émanant
de plusieurs créateurs
EXEMPLE Un article dans un périodique en série.
2.5
créateur
entité principalement responsable de la création du contenu de la ressource
[ISO 15836:2009]
2.6
base de données
réunion d'objets de données stockés, sous forme électronique, conformément à un schéma, et rendus
accessibles par ordinateur
NOTE Certaines bases de données ou fichiers d'une base de données peuvent aussi constituer une monographie ou
une publication en série. Dans les cas où il est possible de déterminer rapidement qu'une ressource électronique donnée
est une monographie ou une publication en série, cette terminologie est préférable au terme générique «base de
données».
2.7
œuvres graphiques
représentations graphiques telles que des photographies (y compris les négatifs et les diapositives), gravures,
estampes, dessins, affiches, etc.
2.8
titre clé
nom unique d'une ressource continue, établi par le Réseau de l'ISSN et inséparablement lié à son ISSN
[ISO 3297:2007]
2.9
format paysage
orientation d'une page dont le côté le plus long est disposé à l'horizontale dans le sens de la lecture
2.10
série cartographique
ensemble de cartes en feuilles associées, conçu pour constituer un seul groupe, généralement identifiable par
des caractéristiques communes telles qu'un titre collectif, un système de numérotation de feuille et la même
échelle
NOTE En général, une série de cartes est l'œuvre du même service cartographique.
2.11
hauteur de carte
mesure verticale d'une carte dans le sens de la lecture
2.12
indication de la série cartographique
identification numérique ou alphanumérique donnée par l'éditeur à une carte en feuilles, une série de cartes
ou un atlas
2.13
monographie
publication sous forme imprimée ou non, complète en une seule partie ou destinée à l'être en un nombre
limité de parties
2.14
bord du dessin
ligne séparant le corps d'une carte de la marge de cette carte
2 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

2.15
référence
données décrivant une ressource ou une partie d'une ressource, suffisamment précises et détaillées pour
l'identifier et permettre de la localiser
NOTE Une référence peut être: une partie d'une liste de ressources; l'en-tête d'un résumé ou d'une analyse critique;
une note annexée à un texte, en bas de page ou à la fin du texte; ou une indication intégrée dans le texte.
2.16
publication en série
publication imprimée ou non, publiée en parties successives, portant généralement une indication d'ordre
numérique ou chronologique et conçue pour être publiée indéfiniment, quelle que soit sa périodicité
NOTE Les publications en série comprennent les périodiques, les revues, les journaux, les annuaires, etc.
2.17
collection
ensemble de monographies, publications en série ou autres publications partageant un titre commun,
éventuellement numérotées
3 Principes de base applicables à la création de références
3.1 Il convient que les informations qui figurent dans une référence soient suffisantes pour identifier
clairement le document cité.
3.2 Il convient que le créateur de la référence détermine le niveau de spécificité approprié auquel
s'applique la référence (par exemple à un document complet ou à une partie donnée d'un document) en
fonction des objectifs de la citation et de l'usage qui a été fait du support cité.
3.3 Il convient, dans la mesure du possible, que les données qui figurent dans une référence proviennent
de la ressource citée.
3.4 Il convient que les données mentionnées dans la référence se rapportent à l'exemplaire ou à l'exemple
spécifique du document utilisé. Pour les documents en ligne susceptibles de modifications, ces données
comprennent la localisation sur le réseau de la version particulière utilisée et la date de consultation du
document.
3.5 Un schéma uniforme de style, de présentation et de ponctuation doit être utilisé pour toutes les
références dans un document, indépendamment du type particulier de style utilisé.
4 Éléments d'une référence
4.1 Sources des données
4.1.1 Généralités
Il convient, si possible, que les données mentionnées dans une référence soient tirées de la ressource citée
même. Il convient de privilégier une source de données lisible à l'œil nu. Dans la mesure du possible, il
convient de regarder le texte des sources sur microformes ou audiovisuelles, lisibles par la machine, pour
vérifier les éléments de la référence. Il convient de noter entre crochets les données provenant d'une source
autre que celle de la ressource elle-même.
Les sources appropriées de données pour la référence sont les suivantes, par ordre de préférence:
a) la page de titre ou son équivalent, comme l'écran-titre, la page d'accueil, l'étiquette sur un disque, la
surface cartographiée;
b) le verso de la page de titre, l'en-tête, etc.;
c) la couverture ou l'étiquette associée de façon permanente au document, y compris les légendes sur les
œuvres graphiques, les en-têtes de microfiche, etc.;
d) le conteneur;
e) la documentation d'accompagnement, par exemple un dépliant d'explication ou un manuel.
Si un élément de donnée apparaît sous des formes différentes en divers endroits de la ressource, il convient
de choisir la forme mise en évidence sur la source privilégiée, à moins que cette source ne soit
manifestement incorrecte, par exemple à cause d'une erreur d'étiquetage.
4.1.2 Données provenant d'autres sources
Il convient d'indiquer entre crochets toute information qui n'apparaît pas dans la ressource citée, mais qui est
fournie par l'auteur de la citation.
4.2 Translittération
Tout élément transcrit dans un alphabet autre que l'alphabet latin peut être translittéré ou romanisé
conformément à la Norme internationale appropriée.
4.3 Abréviation
Il convient d'abréger les termes bibliographiques généralement reconnus conformément aux règles établies
dans l'ISO 832.
Il convient d'éviter les autres abréviations à l'exception de celles indiquées en 5.3.4 pour les brevets, en 6.3.4
pour les titres de collections, en 15.7.1 pour les œuvres graphiques et en A.4.2 pour les notes courantes.
4.4 Ponctuation et typographie
Il convient d'utiliser un système cohérent de ponctuation et de typographie dans toute la liste de références. Il
convient que chaque élément d'une référence soit nettement séparé de l'élément suivant par un signe de
ponctuation ou une modification de caractère typographique.
NOTE Pour mettre l'accent sur l'importance de la cohérence, une présentation uniforme de la ponctuation est utilisée
dans les exemples de la présente Norme internationale. Cette présentation n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple et ne fait
pas partie des recommandations.
4.5 Ordre des éléments
L'ordre habituel des éléments dans une référence est le suivant:
a) nom(s) du (des) créateur(s), si disponible(s);
b) titre;
c) indication du support, si nécessaire;
d) édition;
e) informations relatives à la production (lieu et éditeur);
f) date [dans le système «du nom et de la date» (voir Annexe A), il convient, en règle générale, de ne pas
répéter l'année à cet emplacement à moins qu'une date plus complète ne soit nécessaire (par exemple
pour une publication en série)];
4 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

g) titre de publication en série, s'il s'applique;
h) numérotation dans la ressource;
i) numéro normalisé, s'il s'applique;
j) disponibilité, accès ou informations relatives à la localisation; et
k) informations générales complémentaires.
Si le système «du nom et de la date», connu sous le nom de «système Harvard» (voir Annexe A), est utilisé,
l'élément «année» est inséré après le créateur.
EXEMPLE CRANE, D., 1972. Invisible Colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
L'Annexe B illustre l'application de cette recommandation, notamment dans le cas des publications en série,
monographies, contributions et catégories particulières de ressources.
5 Créateur
5.1 Choix
Il convient de désigner comme créateur la personne (voir 5.2) ou l'organisme (voir 5.3) responsable du
contenu du document cité dans sa forme publiée, et mis en évidence dans la source privilégiée (voir 4.1). Le
rôle du créateur varie d'un document à l'autre. En l'absence d'un créateur évident, il convient d'en choisir un
dans la liste suivante présentée par ordre de préférence:
a) auteur, compositeur, librettiste, service cartographique, topographe, cartographe, copiste, concepteur de
logiciels, titulaire de brevets, déposant de demande de brevet, artiste, photographe, dessinateur,
concepteur graphique;
b) chef d'orchestre, interprète d'une œuvre musicale ou théâtrale, etc.; réalisateur de films, inventeur;
c) compilateur, éditeur scientifique, réviseur;
d) traducteur, graveur, photographe d'une autre œuvre du créateur, copiste; arrangeur; programmeur
système;
e) éditeur commercial, fournisseur d'informations en ligne, société de production;
f) distributeur, système hôte en ligne.
Pour les ressources citées contenant un certain nombre de contributions, il convient de privilégier une fonction
associée à un seul créateur plutôt qu'une fonction associant plusieurs créateurs (voir également 5.4.3).
EXEMPLE 1 AYMARD, Maurice, ed. Dutch capitalism and world capitalism. In: Studies in Modern Capitalism. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 78-96.
EXEMPLE 2 BRITTEN, Benjamin. Eight folk song arrangements for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS (Ed). London:
Faber Music, 1980.
EXEMPLE 3 KING'S SINGERS. Christmas with the King's Singers: six arrangements for mixed voices. London:
Chappell Music, 1981.
5.2 Noms de personnes
5.2.1 Généralités
En règle générale, il convient d'indiquer le nom des créateurs tel qu'il apparaît dans la source privilégiée
(mais voir 5.2.2), translittéré si nécessaire (voir 4.2).
Il convient d'indiquer après le nom les prénoms ou autres éléments secondaires s'ils figurent au début de la
référence.
EXEMPLE 1 BACH, C.P.E.
EXEMPLE 2 DÜRER, Albrecht.
EXEMPLE 3 FOWLER, H. W.
EXEMPLE 4 GORDON, Dexter.
EXEMPLE 5 RAMON Y CAJAL, Santiago.
Il convient de traiter les ressources secondaires en respectant le plus étroitement possible la pratique du pays
auquel appartient le créateur.
EXEMPLE 6 FALLA, Manuel de. [Espagne].
EXEMPLE 7 LA FONTAINE, Jean de. [France].
EXEMPLE 8 DE LA MARE, Walter. [Angleterre].
EXEMPLE 9 KLEIST, Heinrich von. [Allemagne].
5.2.2 Variantes de forme
Si le nom du créateur apparaît sous différentes formes dans différentes ressources citées dans un ouvrage
(par exemple Tchaïkovsky, Chaïkovski), il convient de conserver la forme utilisée dans la ressource citée. Il
convient de ne retenir comme premier élément qu'une seule forme du nom, entre crochets si nécessaire.
5.2.3 Mentions complémentaires
Des mentions complémentaires des noms indiquant la fonction hiérarchique, le bureau ou le statut
(universitaire, professionnel, etc.) peuvent être conservées ou fournies pour différencier des créateurs portant
le même nom.
EXEMPLE 1 CLARK, William, ARIBA.
EXEMPLE 2 CLARK, William, MD, MRCP.
EXEMPLE 3 BALFOUR, Robert [Col.].
EXEMPLE 4 BALFOUR, Robert [Rev.].
6 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

5.3 Organismes ou groupes
5.3.1 Forme du nom
Si le créateur est un organisme ou un groupe de personnes, il convient que la forme du nom utilisée dans la
référence soit celle mise en évidence dans la base de données bibliographique. Il s'agit habituellement d'une
référence à un nom dans un fichier national d'autorité, translittérée si nécessaire (voir 4.2).
EXEMPLE 1 ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA.
EXEMPLE 2 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE.
EXEMPLE 3 AKADEMIYA NAUK SSSR.
EXEMPLE 4 INSTITUT GÉOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL.
EXEMPLE 5 MAGYAR SZABVANYUGYI.
EXEMPLE 6 ROYAL SOCIETY.
Si le nom apparaît sous la forme d'un groupe d'initiales, la forme complète, si elle est connue, peut être
ajoutée entre crochets, à moins que l'organisme ne soit habituellement identifié que par ses seules initiales,
par exemple UNESCO, OTAN.
5.3.2 Noms ambigus
Afin de pouvoir différencier plusieurs collectivités portant le même nom, il convient d'y ajouter le nom de lieu
approprié.
EXEMPLE TRINITY COLLEGE [Cambridge].
TRINITY COLLEGE [Dublin].
5.3.3 Collectivité subordonnée
Si le nom d'une collectivité implique une subordination à une collectivité principale dont elle constitue un
organe ou un département administratif, ou si sa signification complète dépend de la présence du nom de la
collectivité principale, il convient que cette dernière soit mentionnée en premier dans la référence.
EXEMPLE 1 IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. Paints Division.
EXEMPLE 2 MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERAL RESOURCES. Air Survey Department.
Il convient qu'une collectivité subordonnée apparaisse sous son nom propre si elle est dotée de fonctions
spécifiques et d'un nom significatif indépendamment de la collectivité principale.
EXEMPLE 3 ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE. [au lieu de INSTITUT DE FRANCE. Académie française].
EXEMPLE 4 ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ. [au lieu de NATIONS UNIES. Organisation mondiale de
la santé].
5.3.4 Collectivité principale
Si la collectivité principale est un État, une fédération d'États ou une autorité provinciale, locale ou municipale,
il convient d'indiquer de préférence un nom d'usage général plutôt qu'un nom officiel complet ou correct. Les
noms étrangers peuvent être indiqués dans la langue de la ressource d'information ou celle du public cible
principal.
EXEMPLE 1 FRANCE. [pour République française].
EXEMPLE 2 HULL. [pour Kingston-upon-Hull].
EXEMPLE 3 WESTMINSTER. [pour City of Westminster].
Pour les brevets (voir 15.9), le nom du pays d'origine ou de l'office émettant le brevet peut être abrégé
conformément au code de pays dans l'ISO 3166 ou au code ST3 de l'Organisation mondiale de la propriété
intellectuelle (OMPI).
EXEMPLE 4 GB. [pour Royaume-Uni].
5.4 Plusieurs créateurs
5.4.1 Deux ou trois créateurs
Lorsqu'il existe deux ou trois créateurs de même statut, il convient d'indiquer leurs noms dans la référence. Il
convient d'écrire le nom donné en premier conformément à la forme d'une liste nominative, c'est-à-dire
habituellement dans l'ordre inverse (le patronyme venant en tête). Le(s) nom(s) du deuxième créateur et des
suivants peut (peuvent) être noté(s) dans l'ordre normal, selon la préférence. Un système cohérent de
notation de ces noms doit être utilisé tout au long de la liste de références.
EXEMPLE 1 MURET, Pierre et Philippe SAGNAC.
EXEMPLE 2 Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung et UNESCO.
EXEMPLE 3 QU H.Q., C. POLYCHRONAKOS, et TYPE I DIABETES GENETICS CONSORTIUM.
5.4.2 Plus de trois créateurs
Pour les ouvrages comportant quatre créateurs ou plus, il convient d'indiquer tous les noms si possible. Si des
noms sont omis, le nom du premier créateur doit être indiqué, suivi de «et autres» ou «et al.».
EXEMPLE FITTING, Hans et autres.
5.4.3 Entrée au titre
Pour certains types de ressources (par exemple les encyclopédies) ou si une ressource résulte de la
collaboration de nombreuses personnes dont aucune n'a une fonction mise en évidence en tant que créateur
(par exemple les films), il convient d'utiliser le titre au lieu du nom de créateur. Pour les références établies
pour des ressources ayant plusieurs créateurs, il peut être approprié de donner en premier le titre de la
ressource ou de la série à laquelle elle appartient (mais voir 5.1). (Voir également 5.6 et 15.6.1.)
EXEMPLE 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
EXEMPLE 2 The last command [film muet]. Directed by Josef VON STERNBERG.
EXEMPLE 3 60 years of cool. Blue Note Records OBSBN01, 1999.
5.4.4 Conférences
Si aucune personne ou organisme ne peut être identifié en tant que créateur (voir 5.1) des actes d'une
conférence, il convient de choisir le titre de la conférence comme élément d'entrée.
EXEMPLE International Conference on Scientific information. Washington DC, 1958.
Il convient que les actes numérotés d'une collection de conférences soient traités comme une publication en
série.
8 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

5.4.5 Créateur secondaire
Pour faciliter l'identification d'une ressource donnée, ou compte tenu de l'objectif de la citation, le nom de tout
éditeur, traducteur ou autre personne ayant collaboré à la production de la ressource considérée peut être
ajouté après le titre, avec une indication de sa fonction placée dans la référence de façon à identifier
clairement la relation entre la fonction considérée et tout ou partie de la ressource.
EXEMPLE 1 BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK.
EXEMPLE 2 BACH, C.P.E. Sonate G-moll für Violine und obligates Cembalo. Herausgegeben von Anne Marlene
GURGEL.
EXEMPLE 3 FOWLER, H. W. A dictionary of modern English usage. 2nd ed. Revised by Sir Ernest GOWERS.
EXEMPLE 4 Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.
5.4.6 Créateurs en cas d'éditions multiples
Si une nouvelle édition, un abrégé ou une version mise à jour d'une ressource sont produits par un nouveau
créateur, il convient d'utiliser le nom du premier créateur s'il figure comme créateur dans la source privilégiée.
EXEMPLE 1 PARKER, T.J., et W.A. HASWELL. A text book of zoology. 6th ed. Vol. 1 revised by Otto LOWENSTEIN;
vol. 2 revised by C. FORSTER-COOPER. London: Macmillan, 1940.
EXEMPLE 2 GORDON, Dexter. Settin' the pace. In: Long Tall Dexter, the Savoy Sessions [disque audio]. New York:
Savoy, 1976, SIL 2211, face B, piste 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York,
NY 10019. Première publication sous la marque Savoy, MG 9003, 1947.
5.5 Pseudonymes
Si une œuvre a été publiée sous un nom d'emprunt, il convient normalement d'indiquer uniquement ce nom
dans la référence.
EXEMPLE 1 CARROLL, Lewis.
EXEMPLE 2 MAUROIS, André.
Si le véritable nom du créateur est connu, il peut également être indiqué, précédé de «pseud. de».
EXEMPLE 3 BLAKE, Nicholas [pseud. de Cecil Day LEWIS].
EXEMPLE 4 Æ [pseud. de RUSSELL, George William].
5.6 Œuvres anonymes
Pour les œuvres anonymes citées dans le système «du nom et de la date» (voir A.2), le terme «Anon.» peut
être utilisé en lieu et place d'un nom de créateur. Pour les œuvres anonymes citées dans le système
numérique (voir A.3) ou dans les notes courantes (voir A.4), le titre peut être traité comme l'élément d'entrée.
Si le nom du créateur est connu, il peut être fourni.
6 Titre
6.1 Forme du titre
6.1.1 Forme privilégiée
Il convient de formuler et d'orthographier le titre sous la forme qui figure dans la source privilégiée (voir 4.1).
6.1.2 Variantes de forme
Si d'autres formes de titre figurent dans la source privilégiée, il convient d'utiliser le titre mis en évidence. Si
plusieurs formes sont présentées avec la même importance, il convient que la forme utilisée corresponde à
l'une de celles énumérées ci-dessous par ordre de préférence:
a) un titre dans la langue et l'écriture principalement utilisées dans la ressource citée;
b) le titre mis en évidence dans l'ordre des titres ou de la mise en page;
c) un titre dans la langue du public cible principal;
d) pour un document cartographique [de préférence à a) ou b)]:
1) un titre surimprimé,
2) un titre sur le rabat,
3) un titre dans la grille ou autre bordure délimitant les détails d'une carte,
4) un titre figurant dans une autre partie de la ressource,
e) pour les œuvres graphiques:
1) un titre qui est partie intégrante de l'œuvre originale,
2) un titre manuscrit sur la ressource ou un titre trouvé dans la description donnée par le dépositaire,
3) un titre très répandu ou conventionnel, par exemple La Joconde,
f) autres formes de titre.
EXEMPLE Eric, or Little by Little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.3 Autre titre
Si la ressource citée est plus largement connue ou a été initialement publiée sous un titre différent de celui qui
figure dans la source privilégiée, cet autre titre peut également être indiqué, entre crochets si nécessaire.
EXEMPLE 1 CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND). Children and their primary schools
[Plowden Report].
EXEMPLE 2 Cutter's Way [Cutter and Bone] [film].
EXEMPLE 3 GREAT BRITAIN. House of Commons. Official Report. Parliamentary debates [Hansard].
6.1.4 Titre long
Un titre très long peut être abrégé en omettant certains mots, mais il convient de ne pas omettre les premiers
mots autres que l'article défini ou indéfini ni d'en altérer le sens. Il convient de remplacer les mots omis, à
l'exception des articles omis, par trois points de suspension (pour l'abréviation des titres de revue, voir 6.3.4).
EXEMPLE
Source: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah, comprising Asia Minor, Persia, India, Egypt and
Arabia and including the Black, Caspian and Red Seas.
Référence: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah.
10 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

6.1.5 Sous-titres
Il convient de mentionner les sous-titres s'ils donnent des informations essentielles sur le contenu d'une
ressource (voir également 6.1.6), sinon ils peuvent être omis.
EXEMPLE 1 Etheldreda's Isle: a pictorial map of the Isle of Ely to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the
founding of Ely's conventual church.
EXEMPLE 2 Eric, or Little by Little: a tale of Roslyn School.
6.1.6 Titre imprécis
L'éclaircissement d'un titre ambigu ou qui n'indique pas explicitement le contenu de la ressource peut être
donné entre crochets après le titre. Si un titre comporte une abréviation peu claire, la forme complète peut
être fournie si elle est connue.
EXEMPLE 1 Abrégé statistique de la guerre. [1939–1945].
EXEMPLE 2 Deux trios de sonates pour deux violons et basse continue. [Op.5 n° 4, 5.].
Pour un document cartographique, il convient de mentionner le sujet particulier et la zone couverte s'ils ne
sont pas indiqués dans le titre. Il convient que le nom restitué d'une zone géographique corresponde au nom
en vigueur à la date de production, plutôt qu'au nom actuel.
EXEMPLE 3 National topographic map series. 1:100 000. [Queensland index map].
EXEMPLE 4 Gull's eye view [of Hugh Town, St Mary's, Scilly Isles].
6.1.7 Absence de titre
En l'absence de titre clair dans la ressource citée, un titre très répandu ou conventionnel peut être donné s'il
existe. Autrement, il convient de forger un titre entre crochets en donnant les informations suivantes:
a) le sujet particulier;
b) la nature de la ressource (par exemple une brochure, carte, plan, dessin, index, gravure, photographie) et,
le cas échéant, le nom de l'objet représenté (par exemple la personne, le bâtiment, la localisation, etc.);
c) pour un document cartographique isolé (par exemple atlas, carte en une feuille), la zone couverte.
EXEMPLE 1 [Réserve faunique de Trinidad].
EXEMPLE 2 Untitled [Judokas] [photographie]. In: Starkey, Hannah. Moments in the modern world: photographic
works by Hannah Starkey 1997-2000. Irish Museum of Modern Art, 2000. ISBN 1-873654-90-1.
Pour une série finie de cartes, il convient d'indiquer également l'échelle et la série, si elles sont nécessaires
pour différencier cette série d'autres séries, couvrant la même zone.
EXEMPLE 3 [Série d'Australie occidentale. 1:63 360].
EXEMPLE 4 [Hong Kong. 1:1 000. Series HP1C].
Pour les œuvres graphiques, il convient de mentionner le sujet et la technique d'impression.
EXEMPLE 5 PELHAM, Henry, del. [Quin Abbey (comté de Clare, Irlande). Vue générale] [gravure].
6.2 Traduction du titre
Le titre original d'une ressource traduite ou la traduction du titre original peuvent être mentionnés
immédiatement après le titre.
EXEMPLE 1 The Artamonovs [Delo Artamonvykh].
EXEMPLE 2 Delo Artamonovykh [The Artamonovs].
6.3 Titres des publications en série
6.3.1 Qualificatifs du titre
Si le titre d'une publication en série éditée par une société ou un organisme similaire ne suffit pas en lui-même
à identifier cette publication, il convient d'ajouter le nom de l'organisme.
EXEMPLE 1 Bulletin trimestriel. Institut archéologique du Luxembourg.
Il convient de différencier les autres types de publications en série des publications en série portant le même
titre en ajoutant le lieu de publication.
EXEMPLE 2 Natura (Amsterdam).
Natura (Bucarest).
6.3.2 Titre clé
Le titre clé (voir l'ISO 3297), s'il existe, peut être donné en lieu et place de la forme figurant dans la source
privilégiée (voir 4.1). Il doit être accompagné du Numéro international normalisé des publications en série
(ISSN) (voir Article 12).
EXEMPLE 1 Geological Magazine. ISSN 0016-7568.
EXEMPLE 2 Journal of Technological Education [en ligne]. ISSN 1045-1064.
6.3.3 Titres précédents ou titres suivants
Les titres précédents ou suivants d'une publication en série peuvent être indiqués, en mentionnant les années
au cours desquelles ils étaient en vigueur.
EXEMPLE British Journal of Physical Education. 1970–.
Journal of Physical Education. 1945–1954.
Physical Education. 1955–1959.
6.3.4 Abréviation
Le titre des revues ne disposant pas de titre clé peut être abrégé conformément à l'ISO 4. En cas d'ambiguïté
éventuelle, il convient d'indiquer le titre complet.
6.4 Distinction entre le titre de la contribution et le titre de la ressource hôte
Si la ressource citée est une contribution, son titre doit être typographiquement différencié de celui de la
ressource hôte. Pour les monographies, il convient que le mot «In:» ou son équivalent précède le titre de la
ressource hôte. L'utilisation du connecteur «In:» n'est pas nécessaire pour les citations qui sont des
contributions émanant de journaux et elle est facultative pour les autres types de publications en série.
EXEMPLE 1 Belle de Jour. In: Magill's Survey of cinema [en ligne]. Pasadena [CA]: Salem Press, 1985– [consulté le
1994-08-04]. Numéro d'acquisition 0050053. Disponible à l'adresse: Dialog Information Services, Palo
Alto [CA].
12 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

EXEMPLE 2 BRY, I., et L. AFFLERBACH. In search of an organizing principle for behavioural science literature.
Community Mental Health Journal. 1968, 4(1), pp. 75-84. ISSN 0010-3853.
EXEMPLE 3 CLARK, Carol. On the threshold of a brave new world. In: Blueprint of the body [en ligne]. CNN.com,
2000 [consulté le 24 août 2000, 10 h 25 HNE]. In-depth specials. Disponible à l'adresse:
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/story/overview/
EXEMPLE 4 McCONNELL, W. H. Constitutional history. In: The Canadian encyclopaedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh
version 1.1. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ©1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.
EXEMPLE 5 MICHAEL, D. The effect of local deformations on the elastic interaction of cross walls coupled by beams.
In: COULL, E.A. et B. STAFFORD-SMITH. Tall buildings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967.
Dans d'autres langues, l'utilisation d'un connecteur autre que «In» peut être privilégiée, par exemple
«Julkaisussa» en finnois.
EXEMPLE 6 SUHONEN, Pertti. Suomalaiset arvot ja politiikka. Julkaisussa: Aikamerkki. 1989, 62(1), 2-23.
6.5 Conférences
Si des conférences régulières sont tenues sous le même titre, il peut s'avérer nécessaire d'ajouter la date et le
lieu de la conférence à titre de précision.
7 Indication du support
Si nécessaire, il convient de donner entre crochets des informations sur la nature de la ressource et/ou la
forme sous laquelle elle est accessible. Voir également 15.2.2 pour l'indication du support des ressources
électroniques.
EXEMPLE
[braille]
[film cinématographique (35 mm)]
[bobine de bande pour ordinateur]
[CD]
[DVD]
[disque «Blu-ray»]
[film fixe (35 mm)]
[globe]
[carte]
[microfiche (48×)]
[microfilm en bobine (16 mm négatif)]
[photographie]
[partition]
[diapositive (5 × 5 cm)]
[disque audio (45 t)]
[cassette vidéo (VHS PAL)]
[affiche]
8 Édition
8.1 Éditions différentes
Il convient de préciser l'édition dans les termes, y compris les symboles, utilisés dans la source privilégiée.
...