ISO 16838:2019
(Main)Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission testing — Test method for classification of active cracks in concrete structures
Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission testing — Test method for classification of active cracks in concrete structures
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12713, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Primary calibration of transducers ISO 12714, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Secondary calibration of acoustic emission sensors ISO 12716, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Vocabulary ISO/TR 13115, Non-destructive testing — Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par émission acoustique — Méthode de test pour la classification des fissures actives dans les structures en béton
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16838
First edition
2019-01
Non-destructive testing — Acoustic
emission testing — Test method
for classification of active cracks in
concrete structures
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par émission acoustique —
Méthode de test pour la classification des fissures actives dans les
structures en béton
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Measurement system . 1
4.1 AE sensor . 1
4.2 System for signal analysis . 2
5 Environmental noises. 2
6 Test procedure . 2
7 Test report . 3
Bibliography . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 9, Acoustic emission testing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The number of aged concrete structures has been increasing all over the world. Since cracking is
one major cause of damages in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, evaluation methods for crack
distribution and cracking mechanisms are in great demand. To make a decision on maintenance
and repair in concrete structures, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are often applied to
estimate the safety and the performance of current state of concrete structures.
It is well known that acoustic emission (AE) technique is promising to test concrete structures for
damage estimation. In this respect, a test method for classifying active cracks is established. Due to
damage evolution in concrete structures in service, AE events are observed. Initially the tensile type of
cracks in the microscopic scale is generated with short nucleation time. As approaching eventual failure,
the shear type of cracks with long dislocation time is predominantly generated rather than the tensile
type. Depending on these crack types, it is found that the shape of AE waveform changes. In frequency
domain the tensile type has the higher frequency while the shear type has the lower frequency.
Thus, AE parameter-based method (parameter analysis) has been applied to crack classification. The
proportion of the two AE parameters of the average frequency and the RA value is applied to classify
cracks into tensile and shear cracks.
----------
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16838
First edition
2019-01
Non-destructive testing — Acoustic
emission testing — Test method
for classification of active cracks in
concrete structures
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par émission acoustique —
Méthode de test pour la classification des fissures actives dans les
structures en béton
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Measurement system . 1
4.1 AE sensor . 1
4.2 System for signal analysis . 2
5 Environmental noises. 2
6 Test procedure . 2
7 Test report . 3
Bibliography . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 9, Acoustic emission testing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The number of aged concrete structures has been increasing all over the world. Since cracking is
one major cause of damages in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, evaluation methods for crack
distribution and cracking mechanisms are in great demand. To make a decision on maintenance
and repair in concrete structures, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are often applied to
estimate the safety and the performance of current state of concrete structures.
It is well known that acoustic emission (AE) technique is promising to test concrete structures for
damage estimation. In this respect, a test method for classifying active cracks is established. Due to
damage evolution in concrete structures in service, AE events are observed. Initially the tensile type of
cracks in the microscopic scale is generated with short nucleation time. As approaching eventual failure,
the shear type of cracks with long dislocation time is predominantly generated rather than the tensile
type. Depending on these crack types, it is found that the shape of AE waveform changes. In frequency
domain the tensile type has the higher frequency while the shear type has the lower frequency.
Thus, AE parameter-based method (parameter analysis) has been applied to crack classification. The
proportion of the two AE parameters of the average frequency and the RA value is applied to classify
cracks into tensile and shear cracks.
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...
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