ISO 15082:2016

Road vehicles - Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials

ISO 15082:2016 specifies commonly used test methods relating to the safety requirements for rigid plastic safety glazing materials in a road vehicle, regardless of the type of plastic of which they are composed.

Véhicules routiers — Essais pour les vitrages de sécurité rigides en matières plastiques

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Nov-2016
• ICS: 43.040.65 - Glazing and wiper systems
• ICS: 83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 35 - Lighting and visibility
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 35/WG 2 - Safety glazing
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 22-Mar-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 15082:1999 - Road vehicles - Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials
• Effective Date: 04-Nov-2015

Overview

ISO 15082:2016 - Road vehicles - Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials - defines commonly used test methods for evaluating rigid plastic safety glazing used in road vehicles. The standard applies regardless of the plastic type and provides procedures to assess optical, mechanical, durability and safety-related performance of glazing components intended for automotive use.

Key Topics and Technical Requirements

ISO 15082:2016 covers a comprehensive test suite used to verify safety and serviceability of plastic glazing materials. Major topics include:

• Optical properties test - measurement protocols to assess visual clarity and haze.
• Head-form and head-form with deceleration measurement tests - impact testing to evaluate fragmentation, energy absorption and occupant safety under impact.
• Ball tests (227 g and 2260 g) - defined ball-impact procedures for assessing resistance to localized impacts.
• Abrasion resistance
  • Dry abrasion (Taber-style abrasion) and wet abrasion (car wash) procedures, including wheel standardization and haze measurement before/after abrasion.
• Cross-cut test - evaluation of coating adhesion and surface integrity after scoring.
• Chemical resistance test - exposure protocols to common agents and evaluation criteria.
• Simulated weathering test - xenon-arc exposure, temperature, humidity and water application to assess long-term durability and optical stability.
• Fire resistance test - procedures to evaluate flame behavior of plastic glazing.
• Normative and informative annexes for flexibility/rigidity categorization, calibration of washing equipment, Taber abraser verification and test tooling modifications.

The standard specifies test conditions, specimen preparation, apparatus, calibration, procedures and expression of results - enabling repeatable, comparable assessments across laboratories.

Practical Applications

ISO 15082:2016 is used to:

• Support product development and material selection for automotive glazing.
• Provide test methods for supplier quality control and batch verification.
• Demonstrate compliance with vehicle safety and durability requirements during certification.
• Compare coatings, hardcoats, and substrate options for abrasion and weathering resistance.
• Inform failure analysis after field incidents involving glazing.

Who Should Use This Standard

• Automotive OEMs and component manufacturers (windshields, side glazing, interior panels)
• Material suppliers and coating formulators
• Accredited testing laboratories and R&D departments
• Regulatory authorities and certification bodies concerned with occupant safety and glazing performance

Related Standards (brief)

ISO 15082:2016 complements other vehicle glazing and material standards and national regulations for vehicle safety and glazing. Users typically reference ISO 15082 alongside vehicle-specific safety regulations and laboratory test standards for abrasion and weathering.

Keywords: ISO 15082:2016, rigid plastic safety glazing, road vehicles, head-form test, ball test, Taber abrasion, car wash test, optical properties, weathering, chemical resistance.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15082
Second edition
2016-11-15
Road vehicles — Tests for rigid plastic
safety glazing materials
Véhicules routiers — Essais pour les vitrages de sécurité rigides en
matières plastiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 1
5 Conditioning of test specimens . 1
6 Application of tests. 2
7 Optical properties test . 2
8 Head-form/fragmentation test . 2
8.1 Principle . 2
8.2 Apparatus . 2
8.3 Test specimens . 3
8.4 Procedure . 4
8.5 Expression of results . 4
9 Head-form test with deceleration measurement . 5
9.1 Principle . 5
9.2 Test conditions . 5
9.3 Conditioning of test pieces . 5
9.4 Apparatus . 5
9.5 Calibration procedure and adjustment of the head-form .11
9.6 Test pieces .12
9.7 Test procedure .12
9.8 Evaluation .13
9.9 Expression of results .14
10 Ball test .14
10.1 227 g ball test .14
10.1.1 Principle .14
10.1.2 Apparatus .14
10.1.3 Test specimens.15
10.1.4 Procedure .15
10.1.5 Expression of results .16
10.2 2260 g ball test .16
10.2.1 Principle .16
10.2.2 Apparatus .16
10.2.3 Test specimens.16
10.2.4 Procedure .16
10.2.5 Expression of results .16
11 Abrasion resistance test .17
11.1 Principle .17
11.2 Abrasion resistance under dry conditions .17
11.2.1 Apparatus .17
11.3 Test specimens .21
11.4 Standardization of abrading wheels .21
11.5 Procedure .21
11.5.1 Cleaning .22
11.5.2 Conditioning .22
11.5.3 Initial haze measurement.22
11.5.4 Abrasion .22
11.5.5 After abrasion .23
11.5.6 Final haze measurement .23
11.6 Expression of results .24
11.7 Abrasion resistance under wet conditions (car wash test) .25
11.7.1 Apparatus .25
11.7.2 Reagents .27
11.7.3 Test specimens.27
11.7.4 Procedure .28
11.7.5 Expression of results .28
12 Cross-cut test .28
12.1 Principle .28
12.2 Apparatus .28
12.3 Test specimens .29
12.4 Procedure .29
12.5 Expression of results .30
13 Chemical resistance test .30
13.1 Principle .30
13.2 Chemical agents .30
13.3 Test specimens .30
13.4 Test procedure .31
13.5 Expression of results .32
14 Resistance to simulated weathering test .32
14.1 Principle .32
14.2 Exposure apparatus .32
14.2.1 Long arc xenon lamp .32
14.2.2 Measurements .33
14.3 Test specimens .33
14.4 Procedure .33
14.4.1 Temperature .34
14.4.2 Relative humidity .34
14.4.3 Water .35
14.5 Evaluation .35
14.6 Expression of results .35
14.7 Report of test parameters .35
15 Fire resistance test .36
15.1 Principle .36
15.2 Apparatus .36
15.3 Test specimens .36
15.4 Test procedure .36
15.5 Expression of results .37
Annex A (informative) Flexibility/rigidity categorization test for plastic safety glazing material .38
Annex B (informative) Vacuum pick-up nozzle modification .39
Annex C (normative) Calibration of the washing equipment .40
Annex D (informative) Calibration verification of Taber abraser .42
Annex E (informative) Round robin test results to determine values for AS 4000S hard-
coated polycarbonate reference samples in the Taber abrasion test .44
Bibliography .45
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 35, Lighting
and visibility.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15082:1999), which has been technically
revised.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15082:2016(E)
Road vehicles — Tests for rigid plastic safety glazing
materials
1 Scope
This document specifies commonly used test methods relating to the safety requirements for rigid
plastic safety glazing materials in a road vehicle, regardless of the type of plastic of which they are
composed.
NOTE 1 Plastic safety glazing materials are classified as rigid or flexible by use of the test described in
Annex A.
NOTE 2 Further test methods might be defined in separate standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD)
ISO 3538, Road vehicles — Safety glazing materials — Test methods for optical properties
ISO 4892-2:2013, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3536 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be carried out under the following conditions:
— ambient temperature: 20 °C ± 5 °C;
— atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa (860 mbar to 1 060 mbar);
— relative humidity: (60 ± 20) %.
5 Conditioning of test specimens
Unless otherwise specified, all test specimens to be tested shall be conditioned prior to testing under
the following conditions and for the following periods of time:
— ambient temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C for at least 48 h;
— ambient relative humidity: (50 ± 5) % for at least 48 h;
— low temperature: –18 °C ± 2 °C for at least 24 h.
6 Application of tests
For certain types of safety glazing material, it is not necessary to carry out all the tests specified in this
document.
7 Optical properties test
Test plastic safety glazing materials in accordance with ISO 3538.
8 Head-form/fragmentation test
8.1 Principle
Determine the fragmentation characteristics of plastic safety glazing materials at ambient temperature.
8.2 Apparatus
8.2.1 Head-form weight, shall be a spherical or semi-spherical head made of laminated hardwood
covered with replaceable felt and with or without a cross-beam made of wood.
Between the spherical part and the cross-beam, there is a neck shaped intermediate piece and on the
other side of the cross-beam, a mounting rod.
The dimensions shall be in accordance with Figure 1.
The total mass of the apparatus shall be 10 kg ± 0,2 kg.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
SR 95 ±1
Key
1 mounting rod
2 intermediate piece
3 cross-beam (optional)
4 head
5 felt cover 5 mm thick
Figure 1 — Head-form weight
8.2.2 Drop.
The means for dropping the head-form weight freely from a height is to be specified, or the means for
giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.
When a device to project the head-form weight is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be ±1 % of the
velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.
8.2.3 Supporting fixture for testing flat test specimens, as show in Figure 2.
The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with 50 mm wide machined edges, fitting one over the
other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm ± 0,5 mm thick, and 15 mm ± 1 mm wide, of hardness
70 IRHD, measured in accordance with ISO 48. The upper frame is pressed against the lower frame by
at least eight bolts; the minimum recommended torque for M20 bolts is 30 Nm. Alternatively, other
pressing techniques may be used, e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic pressing (see 8.4).
8.3 Test specimens
+5 +5
Test specimens shall be flat rectangles with length 1 100 mm mm and width 500 mm mm.
−2 −2
70 100 ≈500
Dimensions in millimetres
1 070
1 170
Key
1 rubber gasket
2 bolt
Figure 2 — Support for head-form tests
8.4 Procedure
Place a conditioned test specimen in the supporting fixture (Figure 2); the torque on the bolts, or the
amount of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, shall ensure that the movement of the test specimen during
the test will not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test specimen shall be substantially perpendicular to the
incident direction of the head-form weight.
The head-form weight shall strike the test specimen, from a height to be specified, within 40 mm of its
centre on that face which represents the inside face of the plastic safety glazing material when mounted
on the vehicle, and shall be allowed to make only one impact.
The felt cover shall be replaced after 12 tests or when damaged.
8.5 Expression of results
Evaluate the fracture characteristics of the plastic safety glazing material by recording whether the
test specimen did not break and the head-form was supported, or the test specimen broke and the head-
form was supported, or the test specimen broke and the head-form was not supported. Record the drop
height for each impact test.
In the event of fracture, evaluate the plastic safety glazing material by recording the smallest angle
between two adjacent sides of resulting fragments and the area, longest dimension, and weight of the
largest fragment. Record this data for the fragments remaining in the supporting fixture and for those
that are dislodged from the supporting fixture.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
9 Head-form test with deceleration measurement
9.1 Principle
Assessment of the minimum strength and fragmentation characteristics of plastic safety glazing
materials under impact from a blunt, bulky object at ambient temperature. The danger of skull-brain-
injuries is assessed by simultaneous determination of the HIC (head injury criterion)-values.
Tests can be performed on flat specimens or on complete panes.
9.2 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out under the following conditions:
— ambient temperature: 20 °C ± 5 °C;
— atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa (860 mbar to 1 060 mbar);
— relative humidity: (60 ± 20) %.
9.3 Conditioning of test pieces
Unless otherwise specified, the test pieces to be tested shall be conditioned prior to testing under the
following conditions and for the following periods of time:
— ambient temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C for at least 48 h;
— ambient relative humidity: (50 ± 5) % for at least 48 h.
9.4 Apparatus
To perform the head-form test with deceleration measurement, a test apparatus according to Figure 3
can be used. The head-form (see 9.4.1 and Figure 4) is fixed to the cross arm of the guide system and
moved to the required drop height by means of a lifting device. To start the drop test the cross arm with
the head-form is released. After passing the height-adjustable light barrier the head-form is released
from the cross arm, the cross arm’s fall is dampened and the head-form drops onto the test piece.
Instead of the data transmission via cables, wireless data transmission (e.g. radio transmission) may be
used. In this case,the guide system can be omitted because of no risk of obstruction of the free vertical
drop by any cables.
Key
1 lifting device
2 release device
3 drop body (head-form)
4 guide system
5 light barrier
6 dampers
7 test-piece support
Figure 3 — Principal sketch of a test apparatus for the head-form test with deceleration
measurement
9.4.1 Head-form weight. Head-form [as shown in Figure 4 for data transmission via co-axial (BNC)
cables] with total mass of 10,0 kg + 0,2/-0,0 kg, which allows the simultaneous determination of HIC-values.
The components of the head-form according to Figure 4 are listed in Table 1. In the middle of the base
plate (24), the tri-axial mounting block (26) is mounted in the centre of gravity to hold the acceleration
gauges (27). The acceleration gauges shall be arranged vertically to each other.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

The basin (18) and cover (19) situated under the base plate (24) share, to a great extent, the elastic
properties of the human skull. The elastic properties of the head-form on impact are determined by the
hardness and the thickness of the intermediate ring (13) and the basin.
If wireless data transmission is used instead of transmission via co-axial cables, it shall be ensured
that those electronic components additionally installed in the head-form do not influence mass, gravity
centre point and spring force of the head-form. Those electronic components shall be installed on the
base plate (24) only. A mass correction, if necessary, is also restricted to the base plate at that surface
which faces the hollow space within the head-form. If additional miniature components for controlling
of the electronic modules are required (e.g. micro switches, loading sockets for voltage supply), these
may replace the co-axial cables. In this case, the original holes in the cover plate (29) and the protective
cap (30) shall be used for the installation and wiring.
z
x 8
y
Key
1 magnetic holding device 17 screwed insert
2 vibration damper 18 basin
3 HF connector BNC 19 cover
4 hexagonal nut 20 guide bush
5 disc 21 counter sunk crew
6 transition piece 22 damping disc
7 cylinder screw 24 base plate
8 hexagonal nut 25 set screw with hexagon socket
9 disc 26 tri-axial mounting block
10 rubber ring 27 acceleration gauge
11 damping ring 28 wood component
13 intermediate ring 29 cover plate
14 guide tube 30 protective cap
15 hexagonal nut
16 threaded bolt
Figure 4 — 10 kg head-form
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

9.4.2 Measuring device, for recording and evaluation of the measured deceleration curves ax , ay
(t) (t)
and az , transmitted from the head-form acceleration gauges via cables or wireless: acceleration gauges,
(t)
measuring and recording instruments according to ISO 6487, channel-amplitude class CAC 5000 m/s
and channel-frequency class CFC 1 000Hz.
Table 1 — List of components for the 10 kg head-form shown in Figure 4
Position Number of
Standard notation Material Remarks
no. pieces
1 1 Magnetic holding device Steel: EN 10025–2-E295GC —
Diameter: 50 mm
2 1 Vibration damper Rubber/steel Thickness: 30 mm
Thread: M10
— Coupler-coupler
a
3 4 HF connector BNC
(EN 122120)
Hexagonal nut — —
4 1
ISO 10511-M10–05
Disc — —
5 6
ISO 7090-6-200HV
Transition piece — —
a
6 3
Pos.No. 3 – Pos.No. 27
Cylinder screw —
7 6 Torque about 12 Nm
ISO 4762-M6x140–8.8
Hexagonal nut — Torque about 4 Nm
8 3
ISO 10511-M8–05 (see 9.5)
Hole diameter: 8 mm
9 3 Disc Steel EN 10025–2-E295GC Outer diameter: 35 mm
Thickness: 1,5 mm
Hole diameter: 8 mm
Rubber, hardness 60 IRHD
10 3 Rubber ring Outer diameter: 30 mm
(ISO 48)
Thickness: 10 mm
Hole diameter: 120 mm
11 1 Damping ring Gasket paper Outer diameter: 199 mm
Thickness: 0,5 mm
12 — — — —
Hole diameter: 129 mm
Butadiene-rubber, hardness Outer diameter: 192 mm
13 1 Intermediate ring
about 60 IRHD (ISO 48)
Thickness: about 6 mm
(see 9.5)
Inner diameter: 8 mm
14 3 Guide tube Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Outer diameter: 10 mm
Length: 40 mm
Hexagonal nut — —
15 3
ISO 10511-M8–05
Threaded bolt — —
16 3 DIN 976–1–
M8x90–B–8.8
a
These components are unnecessary in case of wireless data transmission. In this case, other components for data
transmission are installed in the head-form (e.g. radio-transmitter) (see 9.4.1).
Table 1 (continued)
Position Number of
Standard notation Material Remarks
no. pieces
Cast alloy Dimensions M8 × 12
17 3 Screwed insert
EN 1982-CuZn39Pb1Al-C-GP (DIN 7965)
18 1 Basin Polyamide 12 (ISO 1874-1) —
Thickness: 6 mm
19 1 Cover Butadiene-rubber
Rib on one side
20 1 Guide bush Steel EN 10025–2-E295GC —
Counter sunk screw —
21 4 —
ISO 2009-M5x10–5.8
Diameter: 65 mm
22 1 Damping disc Gasket paper
Thickness: 0,5 mm
23 — — — —
24 1 Base plate Steel EN 10025–2-E295GC —
Set screw with hexago- —
Class of strength 45H
25 1 nal
(ISO 898-5)
socket
26 1 Tri-axial mounting block — —
27 3 Acceleration gauge — See 9.4.2
28 1 Wood component Hornbeam, glued in layers —
Alloy EN 573–3 ; EN AW-5019 —
29 1 Cover plate
(EN AW-AlMg5)
30 1 Protective cap Polyamide 12 (ISO 1874-1) —
a
These components are unnecessary in case of wireless data transmission. In this case, other components for data
transmission are installed in the head-form (e.g. radio-transmitter) (see 9.4.1).
9.4.3 Supporting fixture for testing flat test specimens, is shown in Figure 5.
The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined edges, 50 mm wide, fitting one over
the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm ± 0,5 mm thick, and 50 mm + 1/-0 mm wide, of
hardness 70 IRHD, determined in accordance with ISO 48. The upper frame is pressed against the lower
frame by at least eight bolts; the minimum recommended torque for M20 bolts is 30 Nm. Alternatively,
other pressing techniques may be used, e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic pressing (see 9.7).
10 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
1 070
1 170
Key
1 rubber gasket
2 bolt
NOTE Dashed line indicates centre line of rubber strip, centrally on support edge.
Figure 5 — Support for tests on flat specimens
9.4.4 Supporting fixture for testing complete panes.
The support shall consist of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the pane so that the head-
form weight faces the internal surface. The pane shall be clamped to the supporting structure by
means of appropriate devices, with interposed stripes of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD, determined in
accordance with ISO 48, and thickness of about 3 mm, the width of contact over the whole perimeter
being about 15 mm.
9.4.5 Equipment to calibrate the head-form.
Drop appliance which shall allow drop heights between 50 mm and 254 mm to be adjusted exactly to
within 1 mm. A guide system is not necessary for these small drop heights.
Impact plate made of steel, dimensions 600 mm × 600 mm, minimum thickness 50 mm, flatness
tolerance t = 0,05 mm, determined in accordance with ISO 1101.
9.5 Calibration procedure and adjustment of the head-form
Before each test series and no later than each 50 tests within a series, the head-form shall be calibrated
and adjusted if necessary.
The impact plate shall be clean and dry and shall lie non-positively on a concrete base during the
calibration procedure. Alternatively, the impact plate may be placed in a massive supporting device if
this device is connected to a concrete foundation.
The head-form is allowed to hit the impact plate vertically. The drop heights (measured from the lowest
point of the head-form to the surface of the impact plate) are 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm and 254 mm.
The deceleration curves shall be recorded.
The greatest deceleration a from the various drop heights on the z-axis shall lie within the limits given
z
in Table 2.
Table 2 — Greatest deceleration a on the z-axis which shall be reached for calibration,
z
depending on the drop height
a
Drop height Greatest deceleration a
z
mm m/s
50 (82 ± 8) g
100 (128 ± 8) g
150 (167 ± 10) g
254 (227 ± 14) g
a
The values of the greatest deceleration a are maximum values of the
z
deceleration curves a (t), expressed in multiples of g (acceleration due to
z
gravity: g = 9,81 m/s ).
The deceleration curves shall be based on a uni-modal oscillation. The deceleration curve of the drop
height of 254 mm shall run at least 1,5 ms and at most 2 ms over 100 g.
If the requirements given above are not met, the elastic properties of the head-form shall be adjusted
by varying the thickness of the intermediate ring (13) of the base plate (24). Corrections can be carried
out by adjusting the three self-locking hexagonal nuts (8) on the threaded bolts (16) by which the basin
(18) is fixed to the base plate (24). The rubber rings (10) under the hexagonal nuts (8) should not be
brittle or cracked.
The cover (19) of the impact surface and the intermediate ring (13) should be replaced if damaged;
especially, they should always be replaced simultaneously if the head-form can no longer be adjusted.
9.6 Test pieces
Flat test specimens (1 170 mm + 0/-2 mm × 570 mm + 0/-2 mm) or complete panes shall be subjected to
testing.
9.7 Test procedure
In case of flat test specimens, fix the specimen in the supporting frames (see 9.4.3). In case of tests on
complete panes, clamp the pane to a support which has a shape corresponding to the pane (see 9.4.4).
The torque on the bolts respectively the amount of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure shall ensure that
the movement of an edge of the test piece during the test will not exceed 2 mm.
The plane of the test piece shall be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight.
The head-form weight shall strike the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face
which represents the inward face of the safety glazing pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle,
and shall be allowed to make only one impact.
In case of data transmission via co-axial cables, the head-form is fixed to the cross arm of the guide
1)
system (see Figure 3) and moved to the required drop height which depends on the desired impact
velocity. In case of tests on complete panes, drop heights between 1,5 m and 3 m are used if not specified
otherwise. The cross arm which carries the head-form is released. After passing the height-adjustable
light barrier the head-form is released from the cross arm, the cross arm’s drop is dampened and the
head-form drops onto the test piece.
1) The drop height is the distance between the lowest point of the head-form and the upper surface of the test
piece.
12 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

In case of wireless data transmission, the guide system can be omitted. The head-form is fixed directly
to the upper release device of the lifting unit and moved to the required drop height. The head-form is
released and drops freely onto the test piece.
No impulse may be given to the head-form by the drop appliance or by the data-transmission cables (if
applicable), so that it is accelerated only by gravity and drops freely and vertically.
The deceleration curves occurring on impact on the test piece for a , a and a shall be recorded versus
x y z
time, t.
After the head-form weight has impacted the test piece, it shall be checked whether a glazing edge has
moved more than 2 mm in the support and whether the requirement for the point of impact was met.
The acceleration components a and a shall be smaller than 0,1 a for a vertical impact.
x y z
9.8 Evaluation
The deceleration curves shall be evaluated as follows:
The resulting deceleration a (t) in the centre of gravity shall be calculated according to Formula (1)
res
from the measured deceleration curves a (t), a (t) and a (t) as multiple of the acceleration due to
x y z
gravity, g, expressed in metres per square second (m/s ).
12/
22 2
at = at + at + at (1)
() () () ()
res ( xy z )
The period for which the deceleration a exceeds the value of 80 g continually, and the greatest value
res
2)
of a shall be determined. The HIC-value as a measure of the danger of blunt skull-brain-injuries
res
shall be calculated according to Formula (2):
25,
 
t
 
 
−15,
 

HICm==ax ft() max  tt− at dt (2)
() ()
tt, 21 ∫ res 
 
 
t
 1 
 
 
2) The unit of the HIC-value is defined as unit 1.
where
max f(t) is the maximum value of the function f(t);
t is the point of time selected for the calculation as start point of the deceleration meas-
urement, in seconds;
t is the point of time selected for the calculation as end point of the deceleration measure-
ment, in seconds;
a is the resulting deceleration according to Formula (1) as multiple of the acceleration due
res
to gravity g, expressed in metres per square second (m/s ).
The integration limits t and t shall be selected in such a way that the function f(t) gets a maximum value.
1 2
9.9 Expression of results
Record the drop height for each impact test.
Evaluate the fracture characteristics of the plastic safety glazing material by recording whether the
test piece did not break and the head-form was supported, or the test piece broke and the head-form
was supported, or the test piece broke and the head-form was not supported. In the event of fracture,
report if or not the piece broke into fully separate large pieces.
Report the following numerical results:
— the period for which the resulting deceleration a exceeded the value of 80 g continually;
res
— the greatest value of the resulting deceleration a ;
res
— the HIC value.
10 Ball test
10.1 227 g ball test
10.1.1 Principle
Determination of whether the plastic safety glazing material has a certain minimum strength and
cohesion under impact from a small hard object at ambient and low temperatures.
10.1.2 Apparatus
10.1.2.1 Hardened steel ball, with a mass of 227 g ± 2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm.
10.1.2.2 Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or means for giving the ball a
velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.
When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be ±1 % of the velocity
equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.
10.1.2.3 Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 6, composed of two steel frames with 15 mm
wide machined borders, fitting one over the ot
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