ISO/IEC 24091:2019

Information technology — Power efficiency measurement specification for data center storage

This document describes a standardized method to assess the energy efficiency of commercial storage products in both active and idle states of operation. A taxonomy is defined that classifies storage products in terms of operational profiles and supported features. Test definition and execution rules for measuring the power efficiency of each taxonomy category are described; these include test sequence, test configuration, instrumentation, benchmark driver, IO profiles, measurement interval, and metric stability assessment. Qualitative heuristic tests are defined to verify the existence of several capacity optimization methods. Resulting power efficiency metrics are defined as ratios of idle capacity or active operations during a selected stable measurement interval to the average measured power.

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General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Nov-2019
• ICS: 35.020 - Information technology (IT) in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1 - Information technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1 - Information technology
• Current Stage: 9020 - International Standard under periodical review
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 24091
First edition
2019-11
Information technology — Power
efficiency measurement specification
for data center storage
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details
of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent
declarations received (see http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by SNIA (as SNIA Emerald™ Power Efficiency Measurement Specification
V3.0.3) and drafted in accordance with its editorial rules. It was adopted, under the JTC 1 PAS procedure,
by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii

Contents
1 Introduction . vii
2 Scope . 1
2.1 Abstract . 1
2.2 Introduction . 1
2.3 Current Revision . 1
2.4 Purpose . 1
2.5 Disclaimer . 2
3 Normative References . 3
4 Definitions, Symbols, Abbreviations, and Conventions . 4
4.1 Overview . 4
4.2 Definitions . 4
4.3 Symbols and Abbreviated Terms . 9
4.4 Expression of Provisions . 9
4.5 Conventions . 10
5 Taxonomy . 11
5.1 Introduction . 11
5.2 Taxonomy Categories . 12
5.3 Taxonomy Classifications . 12
5.4 Taxonomy Rules . 12
5.5 Online Category . 13
5.6 Near-Online Category . 15
5.7 Removable Media Library Category . 15
5.8 Virtual Media Library Category . 16
6 Capacity Optimization . 17
6.1 Introduction . 17
6.2 Space Consuming Practices . 17
6.3 COMs Characterized . 17
7 Test Definition and Execution Rules . 18
7.1 Overview . 18
7.2 General Requirements and Definitions . 18
7.3 Block Access Online and Near-Online Tests . 30
7.4 File Access Online and Near-Online Active Test . 33
7.5 Block and File Access Ready Idle Test . 37
7.6 Block and File Access Capacity Optimization Test . 37
7.7 Removable Media Library Testing . 42
7.8 Virtual Media Library Testing . 46
iv
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

8 Metrics . 50
8.1 Taxonomy Considerations . 50
8.2 Block Access Primary Metrics . 50
8.3 File Access Primary Metrics . 50
8.4 Power Efficiency Metric for Online and Near-Online Systems. 50
8.5 Power Efficiency Metric for Removable Media Library Systems . 52
8.6 Storage Power Efficiency Metric for Virtual Media Library Systems . 52
8.7 Secondary Metrics . 52
9 Disclosure Requirements . 54
9.1 General. 54
9.2 Product Identification . 54
9.3 Test Metrics . 54
9.4 Test Characterization . 56
9.5 Product Under Test Description . 57
Annex A (Normative) Suggested Power and Environmental Meters . 59
A.1 Overview . 59
A.2 Alternate Meter Usage . 59
Annex B (Normative) Measurement Requirements . 60
B.1 Online and Near-Online Block Access Data Collection and Processing Requirements . 60
B.2 Removable and Virtual Media Library Block Access Data Collection and Processing
Requirements . 60
B.3 Online and Near-Online File Access Data Collection and Processing Requirements . 60
Annex C (Normative) Stable Storage . 62
Annex D (Normative) Vdbench . 63
Annex E (Normative) Vdbench Test Scripts . 64 ®
Annex F (Normative) SPEC SFS 2014 Benchmark . 65
Annex G (Normative) File Access IO Load Driver Configuration File . 66 ®
Annex H (Informative) sFlow . 67
Annex I (Normative) COM Test Data Set Generator . 68
Annex J (Informative) gzip . 69
Bibliography . 70
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v

List of Tables, Figures and Equations
Table 1 – Normative References . 3
Table 2 – Taxonomy Overview . 11
Table 3 – Common Category Attributes . 12
Table 4 – Online Classifications . 14
Table 5 – Near-Online Classifications . 15
Table 6 – Removable Media Library Classifications . 16
Table 7 – Virtual Media Library Classifications . 16
Figure 1 - Sample Configuration Block Access . 19
Figure 2 - Sample Configuration File Access . 19
Table 8 – Example RAS Features . 20
Table 9 – Input Power Requirements (Products with Nameplate Rated Power ≤ 1 500 W) . 21
Table 10 – Input Power Requirements (Products with Nameplate Rated Power > 1 500 W) . 21
Table 11 – Power Meter Resolution . 22
Equation 7-1: Sequential Transfer Offset . 24
Figure 3 - Percentage of Address Hit vs. Cache Size . 24
Table 12 – Workloads within the Hot Band IO Profile .
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 24091
First edition
2019-11
Information technology — Power
efficiency measurement specification
for data center storage
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details
of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent
declarations received (see http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by SNIA (as SNIA Emerald™ Power Efficiency Measurement Specification
V3.0.3) and drafted in accordance with its editorial rules. It was adopted, under the JTC 1 PAS procedure,
by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii

Contents
1 Introduction . vii
2 Scope . 1
2.1 Abstract . 1
2.2 Introduction . 1
2.3 Current Revision . 1
2.4 Purpose . 1
2.5 Disclaimer . 2
3 Normative References . 3
4 Definitions, Symbols, Abbreviations, and Conventions . 4
4.1 Overview . 4
4.2 Definitions . 4
4.3 Symbols and Abbreviated Terms . 9
4.4 Expression of Provisions . 9
4.5 Conventions . 10
5 Taxonomy . 11
5.1 Introduction . 11
5.2 Taxonomy Categories . 12
5.3 Taxonomy Classifications . 12
5.4 Taxonomy Rules . 12
5.5 Online Category . 13
5.6 Near-Online Category . 15
5.7 Removable Media Library Category . 15
5.8 Virtual Media Library Category . 16
6 Capacity Optimization . 17
6.1 Introduction . 17
6.2 Space Consuming Practices . 17
6.3 COMs Characterized . 17
7 Test Definition and Execution Rules . 18
7.1 Overview . 18
7.2 General Requirements and Definitions . 18
7.3 Block Access Online and Near-Online Tests . 30
7.4 File Access Online and Near-Online Active Test . 33
7.5 Block and File Access Ready Idle Test . 37
7.6 Block and File Access Capacity Optimization Test . 37
7.7 Removable Media Library Testing . 42
7.8 Virtual Media Library Testing . 46
iv
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved

8 Metrics . 50
8.1 Taxonomy Considerations . 50
8.2 Block Access Primary Metrics . 50
8.3 File Access Primary Metrics . 50
8.4 Power Efficiency Metric for Online and Near-Online Systems. 50
8.5 Power Efficiency Metric for Removable Media Library Systems . 52
8.6 Storage Power Efficiency Metric for Virtual Media Library Systems . 52
8.7 Secondary Metrics . 52
9 Disclosure Requirements . 54
9.1 General. 54
9.2 Product Identification . 54
9.3 Test Metrics . 54
9.4 Test Characterization . 56
9.5 Product Under Test Description . 57
Annex A (Normative) Suggested Power and Environmental Meters . 59
A.1 Overview . 59
A.2 Alternate Meter Usage . 59
Annex B (Normative) Measurement Requirements . 60
B.1 Online and Near-Online Block Access Data Collection and Processing Requirements . 60
B.2 Removable and Virtual Media Library Block Access Data Collection and Processing
Requirements . 60
B.3 Online and Near-Online File Access Data Collection and Processing Requirements . 60
Annex C (Normative) Stable Storage . 62
Annex D (Normative) Vdbench . 63
Annex E (Normative) Vdbench Test Scripts . 64 ®
Annex F (Normative) SPEC SFS 2014 Benchmark . 65
Annex G (Normative) File Access IO Load Driver Configuration File . 66 ®
Annex H (Informative) sFlow . 67
Annex I (Normative) COM Test Data Set Generator . 68
Annex J (Informative) gzip . 69
Bibliography . 70
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v

List of Tables, Figures and Equations
Table 1 – Normative References . 3
Table 2 – Taxonomy Overview . 11
Table 3 – Common Category Attributes . 12
Table 4 – Online Classifications . 14
Table 5 – Near-Online Classifications . 15
Table 6 – Removable Media Library Classifications . 16
Table 7 – Virtual Media Library Classifications . 16
Figure 1 - Sample Configuration Block Access . 19
Figure 2 - Sample Configuration File Access . 19
Table 8 – Example RAS Features . 20
Table 9 – Input Power Requirements (Products with Nameplate Rated Power ≤ 1 500 W) . 21
Table 10 – Input Power Requirements (Products with Nameplate Rated Power > 1 500 W) . 21
Table 11 – Power Meter Resolution . 22
Equation 7-1: Sequential Transfer Offset . 24
Figure 3 - Percentage of Address Hit vs. Cache Size . 24
Table 12 – Workloads within the Hot Band IO Profile .
...