ISO 12405-3:2014
(Main)Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 3: Safety performance requirements
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 3: Safety performance requirements
ISO 12405-3:2014 specifies test procedures and provides acceptable safety requirements for voltage class B lithium-ion battery packs and systems, to be used as traction batteries in electrically propelled road vehicles. Traction battery packs and systems used for two-wheel or three-wheel vehicles are not covered by ISO 12405-3:2014. ISO 12405-3:2014 is related to the testing of safety performance of battery packs and systems for their intended use in a vehicle. ISO 12405-3:2014 is not intended to be applied for the evaluation of the safety of battery packs and systems during transport, storage, vehicle production, repair, and maintenance services.
Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Spécifications d'essai pour packs et systèmes de batterie de traction aux ions lithium — Partie 3: Exigences de performance de sécurité
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12405-3
First edition
2014-05-15
Electrically propelled road vehicles —
Test specification for lithium-ion
traction battery packs and systems —
Part 3:
Safety performance requirements
Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Spécifications d’essai
pour packs et systèmes de batterie de traction aux ions lithium —
Partie 3: Exigences de performance de sécurité
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 General requirements . 5
5.1 General conditions . 5
5.2 Test sequence plan . 6
5.3 Preparation of the DUT for testing. 6
5.4 Pre-conditioning cycles . 7
5.5 General safety requirements . 7
6 Mechanical tests . 7
6.1 Vibration . 7
6.2 Mechanical shock . 8
7 Climatic tests . 8
7.1 Dewing (temperature change) . 8
7.2 Thermal shock cycling . 9
8 Simulated vehicle accidents . 9
8.1 Inertial load at vehicle crash . 9
8.2 Contact force at vehicle crash .11
8.3 Water immersion .14
8.4 Exposure to fire .14
9 Electrical tests .16
9.1 Short circuit .16
10 System functionality tests .16
10.1 Overcharge protection .16
10.2 Overdischarge protection .17
10.3 Loss of thermal control/cooling .17
Annex A (informative) Battery systems and related parts .19
Annex B (informative) Description of the screen referenced in 8.4 Exposure to fire .23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21,
Electrically propelled road vehicles.
ISO 12405 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electrically propelled road vehicles —
Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems:
— Part 1: High-power applications
— Part 2: High-energy applications
— Part 3: Safety performance requirements
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Lithium-ion battery systems are efficient rechargeable energy storage systems for electrically propelled
road vehicles. The requirements for lithium-ion battery systems to be used as power source for the
propulsion of electric road vehicles are significantly different to those batteries used for consumer
electronics or for stationary applications.
Lithium-ion batteries can store electricity at relatively high-energy density compared to other battery
chemistries currently available. Under current state of art, most lithium-ion batteries use organic
electrolytes which are classified as Class 3 “flammable liquid” under the “UN Recommendations on
the Transport of Dangerous Goods — Model Regulations”. Therefore, mitigating potential hazards
associated with fire or explosion of lithium-ion batteries is considered an important issue.
This part of ISO 12405 provides specific test procedures and related requirements to ensure an
appropriate and acceptable level of safety of lithium-ion battery systems specifically developed for
propulsion of road vehicles.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12405-3:2014(E)
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification
for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems —
Part 3:
Safety performance requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12405 specifies test procedures and provides acceptable safety requirements for voltage
class B lithium-ion battery packs and systems, to be used as traction batteries in electrically propelled
road vehicles. Traction battery packs and systems used for two-wheel or three-wheel vehicles are not
covered by this part of ISO 12405. This part of ISO 12405 is related to the testing of safety performance
of battery packs and systems for their intended use in a vehicle. This part of ISO 12405 is not intended
to be applied for the evaluation of the safety of battery packs and systems during transport, storage,
vehicle production, repair, and maintenance services.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6469-1, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 1: On-board rechargeable
energy storage system (RESS)
ISO 6469-3, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 3: Protection of persons
against electric shock
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Vocabulary
ISO 12405-1:2011, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery
packs and systems — Part 1: High-power applications
ISO 12405-2:2012, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery
packs and systems — Part 2: High-energy applications
ISO 20653, Road vehicles — Degrees of protection (IP code) — Protection of electrical equipment against
foreign objects, water and access
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following
apply.
3.1
battery control unit
BCU
electronic device that controls, manages, detects, or calculates electric and thermal functions of the
battery system that provides communication between the battery system and other vehicle controllers
Note 1 to entry: See also Annex A for further explanation.
3.2
battery pack
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies normally connected with cell electronics,
voltage class B circuit, and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections and
interfaces for external systems
Note 1 to entry: For further explanation, see A.2.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of external systems are cooling, voltage class B, auxiliary voltage class A, and
communication.
3.3
battery pack subsystem
representative portion of the battery pack
3.4
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s), as well as electrical
circuits and electronics
Note 1 to entry: For further explanation, see A.3.1 and A.3.2. Battery system components can also be distributed
in different devices within the vehicle.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of electronics are the BCU and contactors.
3.5
bus
vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in
addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 t
3.6
capacity
total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn f
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12405-3
ISO/TC 22/SC 21 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2013-03-22 2013-06-22
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for
Lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems —
Part 3:
Safety performance requirements
ICS 43.120
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2013
ISO/DIS 12405-3
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 12405-3
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 General requirements . 4
5.1 General conditions . 4
5.2 Test sequence plan . 6
5.3 Pre-conditioning . 6
5.4 General safety requirements . 6
6 Mechanical tests . 7
6.1 Vibration . 7
6.2 Mechanical shock . 7
7 Climatic tests . 8
7.1 Dewing . 8
7.2 Thermal cycling . 8
8 Simulated vehicle accidents . 9
8.1 Inertial load at vehicle crash . 9
8.2 Contact force at vehicle crash . 11
8.3 Water immersion . 12
8.4 Exposure to fire . 12
9 Electrical tests . 14
9.1 Short circuit . 14
10 System functionality tests . 15
10.1 Overcharge protection . 15
10.2 Overdischarge protection . 15
10.3 Loss of thermal control/cooling . 16
Annex A (informative) Battery Systems and related parts . 17
Annex B (informative) To chapter 9.4. Exposure to fire – Description of the screen . 20
Bibliography . 21
ISO/DIS 12405-3
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12405-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21,
Electrically propelled road vehicles.
ISO 12405 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test
specification for lithium-ion battery packs and systems:
Part 1: High power application
Part 2: High energy application
Part 3: Safety performance requirements
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 12405-3
Introduction
Lithium-ion battery systems are efficient rechargeable energy storage systems for electrically propelled road
vehicles. The requirements for lithium-ion battery systems to be used as power source for the propulsion of
electric road vehicles are significantly different to those batteries used for consumer electronics or for
stationary applications.
Lithium-Ion batteries may store electricity at relatively high energy density com-pared to other battery
chemistries currently available. Under current state of art, most lithium-ion batteries use organic electrolytes
which are classified as Class 3 "flammable liquid" under "UN Recommendations on the Transport of
Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations". Therefore, mitigating potential hazards associated with fire or
explosion of lithium-ion batteries is considered an important issue.
This International Standard provides specific test procedures and related requirements to ensure an
appropriate and acceptable level of safety of lithium-ion battery systems specifically developed for propulsion
of road vehicles.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12405-3
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for
lithium-ion battery packs and systems — Part 3: Safety
performance requirements
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test procedures and provides acceptable safety requirements for voltage
class B lithium-ion battery packs and systems, to be used as traction batteries in electrically propelled road
vehicles. Traction battery packs and systems used for two-wheel or three-wheel vehicles are not covered by
this standard. This International Standard is related to the testing of safety performance of battery packs and
systems for their intended use in a vehicle. This International Standard is not intended to be applied for the
evaluation of the safety of battery packs and systems during transport, storage, vehicle production, repair and
maintenance services.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6469-1, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Safety specifications — Part 1: On-board rechargeable
energy storage system (RESS)
ISO DIS 6469, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Safety specifications — Part 4: Post crash electrical
safety requirements
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically Propelled Road vehicles -- Vocabulary
ISO 12405-1:2011, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery
packs and systems — Part 1: High-power applications
ISO 12405-2:2012, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery
packs and systems —Part 2: High-energy applications
ISO 20653, Road vehicles -- Degrees of protection (IP-Code) -- Protection of electrical equipment against
foreign objects, water and access
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions and the definitions given in ISO/TR
8713 apply.
3.1
battery control unit
BCU
electronic device that controls or manages or detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the battery
systems and other vehicle controllers
NOTE See also Annex A for further explanation.
ISO/DIS 12405-3
3.2
battery pack
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies normally connected with cell electronics, voltage
class B circuit and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections, interfaces for external
systems
NOTE 1 For further explanation, see A.2.
NOTE 2 Examples of external systems are cooling, voltage class B, auxiliary voltage class A and communication.
3.3
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits and
electronics
NOTE 1 For further explanation, see A.3.1 and A.3.2. Battery system components can also be distributed in different
devices within the vehicle.
NOTE 2 Examples of electronics are the BCU and contactors.
3.4
capacity
total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified conditions
3.5
cell electronics
electronic device that collects and possibly monitors thermal or electric data of cells or cell assemblies and
contains electronics for cell balancing, if necessary
NOTE The cell electronics may include a cell controller. The functionality of cell balancing may be controlled by the
cell electronics or it may be controlled by the BCU.
3.6
customer
party that is interested in using the battery pack or system and, therefore, orders or performs the test
EXAMPLE A vehicle manufacturer.
3.7
device under test
DUT
within this part of ISO 12405 a battery pack or battery system
3.8
explosion
sudden release of energy sufficient to cause pressure waves and/or projectiles that may cause structural
and/or physical damage to the surrounding of the DUT
NOTE The kinetic energy of flying debris from the battery back or system may be sufficient to cause damage to the
surrounding of the DUT as well.
3.9
fire
continuous emission of flames from a DUT (approximately more than one second)
NOTE Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
...
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