ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022
(Main)Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Future network architecture — Part 3: Networking of everything
Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Future network architecture — Part 3: Networking of everything
This document focuses on networking issues for integrating various networking technologies for integrating various networking techniques to provide the thing-user centric communication service. This document specifies: — the architectural model of the Future Network – Networking of Everything (FN-NoE); — the functional procedure for providing advanced FN-NoE services that integrate various networks.
Télécommunications et échange d'informations entre systèmes — Architecture du réseau du futur — Partie 3: Réseautique universelle
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 21558-3
First edition
2022-03
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Future
network architecture —
Part 3:
Networking of everything
Télécommunications et échange d'informations entre systèmes —
Architecture du réseau du futur —
Partie 3: Réseautique universelle
Reference number
ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
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ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
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ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Future Networks — Networking of Everything (FN-NoE) . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Thing-user social networking . 4
5.3 Thing-user centric communication service . 5
6 Architecture of FN-NoE . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 FN-NoE for thing-user centric communication service . 7
6.3 Topologies of the FN-NoE . 8
6.4 Reference model of the FN-NoE . 9
7 Functional procedure of the FN-NoE . .11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Thing-user and thing-user social community .12
7.3 Organizing and maintaining the thing-user social community . 14
7.4 Sharing thing-user experiences in the thing-user social community .15
7.5 Thing-user manages the subscription and publishing of experiences in the level of
cluster and each community tier — Finding the coordinated thing-user .15
7.6 Establishing and maintaining the proximal path . 15
Annex A (informative) FN-NoE thing-user centric communication service .16
Annex B (informative) FN-NoE architecture over RINA (Recursive InterNetwork
Architecture) based future networks .18
Bibliography .21
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ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
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work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
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the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 6, Telecommunications and information exchange between systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21558 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
Introduction
This document specifies the Future Network – Networking of everything (FN-NoE) architecture, which
is designed to provide further advanced NoE services identified in ISO/IEC TR 29181-9.
ISO/IEC TR 29181-9 is part of the ISO/IEC TR 29181 series of standards on Future Network (FN).
ISO/IEC TR 29181-9, which addresses networking issues raised in ISO/IEC TR 29181-1, covers
networking of everything.
The scope of this document focuses on the FN-NoE architecture, consisting of access and core networks,
thing social networks, and proximity defined networks, in which smart devices participate.
This document provides the general characteristics of NoE which can be applied to future networks
such as RINA as shown in Annex B, especially from an Internet of Things (IoT) perspective, through a
conceptual model of NoE.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 21558-3:2022(E)
Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems — Future network architecture —
Part 3:
Networking of everything
1 Scope
This document focuses on networking issues for integrating various networking technologies for
integrating various networking techniques to provide the thing-user centric communication service.
This document specifies:
— the architectural model of the Future Network – Networking of Everything (FN-NoE);
— the functional procedure for providing advanced FN-NoE services that integrate various networks.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC/TR 29181-9:2017, Information technology — Future Network — Problem statement and
requirements — Part 9: Networking of everything
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC TR 29181-9 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
object
intrinsic representation of an entity that is described at an appropriate level of abstraction in terms of
its attributes and functions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.12]
3.2
context
information that can be used to characterize the environment of a user
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.4]
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3.3
thing
object of the physical world (physical things) or of the information world (virtual thing), which is
capable of being identified and integrated into communication networks.
Note 1 to entry: Physical things are capable of being sensed, actuated, and connected to things such as robots,
goods, and electrical equipment. Virtual things are capable of being stored, processed, and accessed by things
such as multimedia content and application software.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.16]
3.4
Internet of Things
IoT
global infrastructure for the information society enabling advanced services by interconnecting
(physical and virtual) things based on existing or evolving interoperable information and
communication technologies
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.8]
3.5
collaborative work group
group of thing users that can perform job planning, thing user recruitment, and coordination without
human intervention
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.2]
3.6
proximity defined network
PDN
network configured among devices in close proximity, using conventional LAN or WAN technologies:
which are in not only physically close proximity, but also closely related, or logically close proximity
Note 1 to entry: PDN is an instantaneous network that is formed during the networking of everything.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 29181-9:2017, 3.13, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.7
identifier
series of digits, characters, and symbols or any other form of data used to identify a subscriber(s), a
user(s), a network element(s), function(s), a network entity(es) providing services/applications, or
other entities, e.g. physical or logical objects
Note 1 to entry: An identifier can also be a string of bits bound to an object that may be used to locate an object
in a given context.
3.8
Future Network for Networking of Everything
FN-NoE
network that is capable of providing thing-user social networking and thing-user centric communication
service to the thing-users
3.9
profile
all or some of the information statements about a thing-user, including (1) basic statements including
Name, Identity, Address, URI, Account, Contract, Security; (2) motivation statements describing why
the thing-user joins the social network; (3) mission statements describing what the thing-user plans to
accomplish; or (4) its capacity statements which describe its predications, knowledge, resources
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3.10
thing-user
thing that uses the Future Network for Networking of Everything (FN-NoE) network service or the FN-
NoE services provided by other things
3.11
everything
equipment that is capable of performing Networking of Everything (NoE)
Note 1 to entry: "Everything" can be regarded as anything which can perform NoE in Future Network (FN).
3.12
Networking of Everything
NoE
process that is capable of providing Future Network for Networking of Everything (FN-NoE) services
3.13
Network of Everything (NoE) terminal
thing that can perform the process in the network capable of providing thing-user social networking
and thing-user centric communication service to the thing-users
3.14
thing-user social network
social network among thing-users which automatically shares its capabilities, context, communicative
motivation, experiences, and intentions of collaboration for delivering the intelligent super-realistic
service
Note 1 to entry: As the thing-user expands the social network, it may expand its knowledge.
Note 2 to entry: Thing-user social networking service can be a web application that thing-users use to build a
social network provided by Networking of Everything (NoE).
3.15
thing-user centric communication
process of conveying intended meanings from one thing-user to another thing-user or thing-user group
through the use of mutually understood language
3.16
thing-user centric network
network that allows a thing-user to discover another thing-user or thing-user group who understands
its intention conveyed from the thing-user and supports the thing-user in achieving its mission
4 Abbreviated terms
FN Future Network
FN-NoE Future Network for Networking of Everything
ID IDentifier
IoT Internet of Things
NoE Networking of Everything
PDN Proximity Defined Networks
SAP Service Access Point
TSN Thing-user Social Network
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URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
5 Future Networks — Networking of Everything (FN-NoE)
5.1 General
Networking of Everything (NoE) refers to the process capable of providing FN-NoE services such as
thing-user social networking and thing-user centric communication services to the thing users who
participate in the FN-NoE.
FN-NoE provides a functional procedure that integrates various networking technologies through
social networking among thing-users and provides user-centtric communication. This document
defines an architectural model of the FN-NoE and serves as a companion document to ISO/IEC 21559-3
for protocol and mechanisms specifying control protocols of the FN-NoE.
For the time being, since the deployment of FN-NoE will be very limited geographically or technically
until more advanced applications for IoT emerge in the market, FN-NoE shall coexist with the
conventional networks. FN-NoE is regarded as (connected) islands in the sea of the Internet, as shown
in the Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Deployment of FN-NoE in the Internet
5.2 Thing-user social networking
A thing can be an intelligent thing-user that describes its sensing information, shares the acquired
experience or knowledge with other things, and leverages the capabilities provided by other thing
users. A thing will become a thing-user of the FN-NoE by having its physical entity or logical entity that
performs a task with an equipped major skill-set and optional-skill set. The thing-user will have the
expertise built on its experience performing tasks using specific domain-related knowledge. The thing-
user may be classified according to the equipped skill set and expertise domain.
Thing-users can form a thing-user social network to share:
a) basic information for communication of its device, e.g. ID, address, URI or URL, security (described
in Basic statements),
b) their capabilities (described in Capability statements in Profile),
c) context,
d) communicative motivation (described in Motivation statements),
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e) experiences,
f) intentions of collaboration for delivering the intelligent super-realistic service (described in Mission
statements).
To understand and share this information, each thing-user should use the language that computers
understand, e.g. semantics to describe diverse context, standard DB structure to store, retrieve.
The central aspect of thing-user social networking is very similar to human social networking. The
only difference is that each device or computer understands the social information through semantic
[4],[5]
language All such information is defined based on FN-NoE ontology and is updated continuously
by a third party.
After a thing-user is initiated, it searches for social networks which fit its context and objectives, joins
them, and shares its information with other thing-users that have already joined as partners. Depending
on its context, a thing-user can join two or more social networks at the same time. While performing
collaborative work with other thing-users, if a thing-user needs further information, it may request
that its partners contact their partners to resolve it. This search process may repeat recursively.
5.3 Thing-user centric communication service
In the FN-NoE, the thing-user is intelligent and socialized to interact with other thing-users
autonomously. In addition to producing digitalized information, thing-users also produce varieties
of reactions based on a socialized decision. The thing-user describes communicative motivation or
goals and conveys intended meanings to other thing-users or thing-user groups through mutually
understood language. From the thing-user communities, the thing-user discovers another thing-user or
thing-users capable of collaborating to accomplish its communicative goal as a human-user does. One of
the service use-cases is shown in Annex A.
The FN-NoE provides a structure in which a thing-user discovers and coordinates thing-users among
the socialized things located within a space to autonomously perform collaborative work.
6 Architecture of FN-NoE
6.1 General
The infrastructure for the FN-NoE is constructed by the access networks, the core networks, and the
regional networks. The access networks and the core networks are evolved from the current networks.
The FN-NoE is operated over either existing legacy networks or future networks. An NoE terminal
located in a certain space connects to an access network. It is connected to another NoE terminal
through the core networks and an access network.
Different network operators may operate the core networks between NoE terminals. The switching
and routing schemes applied to the core networks may be different. The access network is managed by
the core network operator. The access network is differentiated by the type of access links and access
procedures. The access network may have a local network managed by the local private owner as a
subnetwork. The local network may have a local network underneath it.
Figure 2 shows a reference network model in which multiple NoE terminals located in a particular space
are connected, as shown in Figure 1. There is an NoE terminal connected to the A type access network
of the core network managed by the operator X. There is an NoE terminal connected to the B type access
network of the core network managed by the operator Y. There is an NoE terminal connected to the C
type local network operated by the local operator, connected to the B type access network of the core
network managed by the operator Y. There is an NoE terminal connected to the D type local network
operated by the local operator, connected to the C type local network operated by the local operator,
connected to the B type access network of the core network managed by the operator Y.
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Figure 2 — FN-NoE operated over existing legacy networks
The FN-NoE provides a thing-to-thing connection for coordinating NoE terminals connected to
heterogeneous access networks. The FN-NoE defines the coordinated networking layer, in which the
NoE terminals can socialize with each other for sharing the coordination experience and performing
context-based discovery, as shown in Figure 3. The coordinated networking layer locates between
application layer and transport/network layer.
Figure 3 — FN-NoE layered architecture based on conventional OSI network
The regional network is a virtual network that provides logical access to an intelligent socialized thing-
user. The regional networks overlay with the access networks and the core networks. The regional
networks consist of the NoE terminals and the NoE virtual switches. They can either concurrently work
to an NoE terminal or dedicate themselves to thing-users.
The coordinated networking layer is implemented in the NoE terminals and the NoE virtual switches
of the regional networks, as shown in Figure 4. The NoE virtual switch has a position to share the
coordination information among the NoE terminals. The regional virtual switch is nominated by the
NoE terminals or network devices that implement the NoE coordinated networking layer. The overlay
virtual switch is nominated by the regional virtual switches.
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Figure 4 — Example of connections in the FN-NoE
6.2 FN-NoE for thing-user centric communication service
The thing-user centric network provides a thing-to-thing connection that can support autonomous
coordination between the NoE terminals located in proximity to each other. In the thing-user centric
network, the NoE terminal communicates as a thing-user with another thing-user or a thing-user group
by conveying intended meaning using the mutually understood language. The thing-user describes
the communicative motivation or experience to perform a specific task using the thing-user language,
based on the task-related domain ontology.
The thing-user may form a thing-user social group to share experiences with thing-users located in
its proximity or with thing-users sharing the same interest. The thing-users are autonomous and
have equal rights to govern the thing-user social group. The thing-users share equally the resources
necessary for the operation and maintenance of the social group. The goal of a thing-user social group
and thing-user experiences are described in domain ontology-based semantic language.
The thing-user may join a thing-user social group or invite another thing-user to join a thing-user social
group. The thing-user subscribes to a thing-user or a thing-user group to harvest the knowledge needed
to perform a task.
The thing-user discovers a communication party relying on the assistance of thing-users in a thing-user
social group. The thing-user requests that other thing-users of a thing-user group introduce a thing-
user who may be the communicative correspondent or may know the communicative correspondent.
The thing-user continues these referral requests until it meets the right communication party. Social
assistance is accepted based upon the trustworthiness and reputation a thing-user has established
within a social group.
In the thing-user centric network, each of the NoE terminals maintains autonomous social coordination
information. The NoE terminal may share the coordination information with the NoE terminals located
within the same space or exchange coordination information over regional virtual switches and overlay
virtual switches.
The NoE terminal, the regional virtual switch, and the overlay virtual switch maintain social
coordination information fully distributed manners. Autonomous social coordination information
can be searched on the flat web service architecture consisting of NoE terminals, regional virtual
switches, and overlay virtual switches. The overlay virtual switch is used for exchanging coordination
information between regional virtual switches.
In the FN-NoE for the thing-user centric communication, an NoE terminal can be a thing or a thing-user,
possibly acting as a regional virtual switch or an overlay virtual switch as shown in Figure 5. It can be a
perception of NoE virtual circuit in Figure 5.
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Figure 5 — Example of geographical distribution of thing-users, thing-user social groups, and
virtual switches
6.3 Topologies of the FN-NoE
The components of the FN-NoE are:
a) a thing-user that performs in an NoE terminal or an NoE virtual switch,
b) transport networks that provide physical connections to NoE terminals and NoE virtual switches.
The FN-NoE is composed of the physical network and logical networks. The physical network of the
FN-NoE can be the heterogeneous network implemented in legacy networks. The Thing-user Social
Network (TSN) and the Proximity Defined Network (PDN) are the logical networks of the FN-NoE.
As shown in Figure 6, nodes and thing-users are in the scope of three different types of access networks.
They may or may not communicate with each other over the heterogeneous network. The thing-users
form thing-user communities and share their experiences over the TSNs.
The NoE terminal requests a thing-user centric communication service while providing a communicative
motivation described in thing-user language. FN-NoE consults with an NoE virtual switch in a social
network to discover a thing-user or thing-user group to achieve the goal.
The PDN consists of thing-users and virtual switches joining TSNs. In Figure 6, we see that when a node
in legacy networks usually accesses the local network 1, it can communicate with a node in network 3
only if the node knows its destination network address (or name). Networks should be interconnected
via intermediate nodes. However, when thing-user 1 in FN-NoE joins an appropriate social network 1
depending on its profile and communicative motivation, it can locate the exact thing-user in network 3,
not by a network-dependent routing algorithm, but by context-aware social networking. Through this
thing-user social networking, a thing-user centric communication service is provided to the thing-user,
which is only identified by a profile or name (not a network address).
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Figure 6 — Networking example of the FN-NoE
6.4 Reference model of the FN-NoE
A FN-NoE terminal comprises an application service layer, a coordinated networking layer, and a
transport network layer, as shown in Figure 7. The coordinated networking layer consists of a Thing-
user Service Control sublayer, a Thing-user Social Network sublayer, and a Proximity Defined Network
sublayer. The definitions of “application service layer” and “transport network layer” are outside the
scope of this document.
The Thing-user Service Control sublayer provides NoE service to the Application Service layer through
the NoE service access point (NoE SAP). This sublayer maintains its own profile as the thing-user of the
NoE terminal and controls the execution of thing-user centric communication services.
The Thing-User Social Network sublayer provides the social network service to the Thing-user Service
Control sublayer through the Thing-user Social Network service access point (TSN SAP). This sublayer
provides the thing-user social community organizing service, the thing-user experience sharing service,
and the thing-user collaboration service.
The Proximity Defined Network sublayer provides the proximity define
...
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