ISO 23056:2020
(Main)Water reuse in urban areas — Guidelines for decentralized/onsite water reuse system — Design principles of a decentralized/onsite system
Water reuse in urban areas — Guidelines for decentralized/onsite water reuse system — Design principles of a decentralized/onsite system
This document provides guidelines for the planning, design principles and considerations of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system and water reuse applications in urban areas. This document is applicable to practitioners and authorities who intend to implement principles and decisions on decentralized water reuse in a safe, reliable and sustainable manner. This document addresses decentralized/onsite water reuse systems in their entirety and is applicable to any water reclamation system component (e.g. source water collection, treatment, storage, distribution, operation and maintenance and monitoring). This document provides: — standard terms and definitions; — description of system components and possible models of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system; — design principles of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system; — common assessment criteria and related examples of water quality indicators, all without setting any target values or thresholds; — specific aspects for consideration and emergency response. Design parameters and regulatory values of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system are out of the scope of this document.
Réutilisation de l'eau en milieu urbain — Lignes directrices concernant les systèmes décentralisés/sur site de réutilisation de l'eau — Principes de conception d'un système décentralisé/sur site
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23056
First edition
2020-09
Water reuse in urban areas —
Guidelines for decentralized/
onsite water reuse system — Design
principles of a decentralized/onsite
system
Réutilisation de l'eau en milieu urbain — Lignes directrices
concernant les systèmes décentralisés/sur site de réutilisation de l'eau
— Principes de conception d'un système décentralisé/sur site
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Planning of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Possible models of the system . 3
4.2.1 General. 3
4.2.2 Onsite water reuse system . 4
4.2.3 Cluster water reuse system . 5
4.2.4 Community water reuse system . 6
5 Collection of source water for decentralized/onsite water reuse .8
5.1 Source water . 8
5.2 Collection system . 8
5.3 Greywater collection, treatment and reuse . 8
6 Treatment processes . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Natural treatment process .11
6.3 Aerobic, anaerobic and combined processes .12
6.4 Disinfection .12
6.5 Advanced processes .12
7 Storage and delivery system .12
8 Monitoring .13
9 Risk management and emergency response plan .13
9.1 Risk management .13
9.2 Emergency response plan .13
10 Public engagement and outreach .14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 2,
Water reuse in urban areas.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
With economic development, climate change, rapid urbanization and increases in population, water has
become a strategic resource especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Water shortages are considered as
one of the most serious threats to the sustainable development of society. To address these shortages,
reclaimed water is increasingly being used to satisfy water demands that do not require potable water
quality. This strategy has proven useful in increasing the reliability of long-term water supplies in
many water-scarce areas. The applications of reclaimed water depending on the volumes of reclaimed
water available include restricted or unrestricted irrigation, industrial uses, toilet and urinal flushing,
firefighting and fire suppression, street cleaning, environmental and recreational uses (ornamental
water features, water bodies’ replenishment, etc.) and car washing.
While centralized water reuse facilities have been widely implemented under different ownership and
management structures, there is also a need to develop decentralized/onsite water reuse systems in
cost-effective and resource-efficient ways, which can improve flexibility and convenience. Depending on
the size and scope of the system, private and community owned systems can increase the flexibility of
the system to the needs of the owner(s). Decentralized/onsite water reuse systems have the advantage
that they can be installed for a short-term when needed and have a lower cost than centralized systems
due to sewers systems large investments. Moreover, they allow the local reuse of water and therefore
increase water productivity. Compared to centralized systems, decentralized/onsite systems still
involve local wastewater collection and treatment. They are considered to be much smaller with
fewer people connected (single, several or tens or hundreds of households) and less costly, especially
when greywater components have been separated from the blackwater for reuse. If the systems are
properly situated, designed, operated and managed, they can provide substantial environmental and
social benefits (e.g. reduction of freshwater consumption and wastewater generation) as well. The
concentrated blackwater can be treated using several treatments (e.g. septic tanks, cesspools, soil drain
fields, chemicals, bio-digesters, composting toilets and blackwater recycling systems). Decentralized/
onsite water reuse systems can also be integrated into the broader centralized systems in terms of
clustered or contracting schemes for decentralized technology with centralized operation.
The design of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system requires a thorough understanding taking
into account of scale, system components, end use requirements and other issues. This guideline can be
useful for the application of design principles as well as feasible and cost-effective approaches for safe
and reliable fit-for-purpose water reuse.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23056:2020(E)
Water reuse in urban areas — Guidelines for
decentralized/onsite water reuse system — Design
principles of a decentralized/onsite system
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for the planning, design principles and considerations of a
decentralized/onsite water reuse system and water reuse applications in urban areas.
This document is applicable to practitioners and authorities who intend to implement principles and
decisions on decentralized water reuse in a safe, reliable and sustainable manner.
This document addresses decentralized/onsite water reuse systems in their entirety and is applicable to
any water reclamation system component (e.g. source water collection, treatment, storage, distribution,
operation and maintenance and monitoring).
This document provides:
— standard terms and definitions;
— description of system components and possible models of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system;
— design principles of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system;
— common assessment criteria and related examples of water quality indicators, all without setting
any target values or thresholds;
— specific aspects for consideration and emergency response.
Design parameters and regulatory values of a decentralized/onsite water reuse system are out of the
scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20670, Water reuse — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20670 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cluster system
private system
decentralized water reuse system used to treat and reuse wastewater from a collection of dwellings or
facilities located adjacent to each other with typically a few owners
[SOURCE: Asano et al., 2007; CIDWT, 2009]
3.2
community system
decentralized water reuse system used to treat and reuse wastewater from a community with dwelling
u
...
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