ISO/TR 12470-2:2017
(Main)Fire-resistance tests — Guidance on the application and extension of results from tests conducted on fire containment assemblies and products — Part 2: Non-loadbearing elements
Fire-resistance tests — Guidance on the application and extension of results from tests conducted on fire containment assemblies and products — Part 2: Non-loadbearing elements
ISO/TR 12470-2:2017 explains a methodology to determine the applicability of the results of fire resistance tests to actual applications. ISO/TR 12470-2:2017 is applicable to those non-loadbearing elements for which there is an ISO standard test procedure based upon the ISO 834 series for determining the fire resistance of a representative sample of the construction proposed for use in a specific building or just for general use. These elements are: - fire resisting door assemblies (excluding lift landing doorsets): - timber; - steel; - fire resisting vertical glazing ? metal framed: NOTE The rheology of glass is such that gravity has a disproportional influence on fire glass when it is heated to high temperatures and as a consequence, it is not possible to provide generic guidance on the extended application of horizontal glazed elements. - timber framed; - linear gap sealing; - service penetration sealing. Fire resistance testing furnaces have fairly restricted size limitations and as a consequence, there is little confidence that the result obtained on an element of construction tested in accordance with the standard methods will behave in a similar manner when installed in the final building. Direct and extended applications of test results are the two possible ways to ensure that an element that is not identical to the tested construction will have an acceptable probability of obtaining the same fire rating as that of the original tested specimen. In both cases, these applications generally refer only to the fire rating that the building element can expect to reach if it, or a representative sample of it, were to be tested in a furnace according to the standard fire test conditions used in the reference test. The criteria and methodology used in evaluating ductwork and dampers is significantly different from those used to evaluate conventional separating elements and for this reason, these forms of construction are not included in the scope of this document. It is planned that a subsequent part of this document may include guidance on these elements.
Essais de résistance au feu — Recommandations pour l'application et l'extrapolation des résultats d'essais réalisés sur les produits et assemblages d'endiguement du feu — Partie 2: Éléments non porteurs
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 12470-2
First edition
2017-11
Fire-resistance tests — Guidance
on the application and extension
of results from tests conducted on
fire containment assemblies and
products —
Part 2:
Non-loadbearing elements
Essais de résistance au feu — Recommandations pour l'application
et l'extrapolation des résultats d'essais réalisés sur les produits et
assemblages d'endiguement du feu —
Partie 2: Éléments non porteurs
Reference number
ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principles of the field of application . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Direct application . 4
4.3 Extended application . 5
4.3.1 General. 5
4.3.2 Rules of extended application . 5
4.3.3 Calculations and computer programs used in extended applications . 5
4.3.4 Judgements in extended applications . 5
4.4 Project specific application . 6
5 Common factors which influence the field of application of all elements .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Manufacture and materials . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Direct application . 6
6 Fire resisting door assemblies . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Direct application . 7
6.2.1 General. 7
6.2.2 Leaves . 7
6.2.3 Openings in the leaf . 8
6.2.4 Frames . 8
6.2.5 Door hardware (ironmongery). 8
6.2.6 Fire seals . 8
6.3 Extended application . 9
6.3.1 General. 9
6.3.2 Rules . 9
6.3.3 Fire engineering calculations .10
6.3.4 Expert judgements .10
6.3.5 Opening in the leaf or leaves.22
7 Fixed vertical fire resisting glazed elements .28
7.1 General .28
7.2 Direct application .28
7.2.1 General.28
7.2.2 Common parameters of all forms of fixed glazed elements .28
7.2.3 Framing members (timber) .28
7.2.4 Framing members (metal) .29
7.2.5 Glass retention system .29
7.2.6 Glass .29
7.3 Extended application .30
7.3.1 General.30
7.3.2 Rules .30
7.3.3 Fire engineering calculations .30
7.3.4 Expert judgements .30
8 Linear gap sealing systems .33
8.1 General .33
8.2 Direct application .34
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
8.2.1 General.34
8.2.2 Common parameters for all applications .34
8.3 Extended applications .35
8.3.1 General.35
8.3.2 Rules .35
8.3.3 Fire engineering calculations .35
8.3.4 Expert judgement .36
9 Service penetration sealing systems .47
9.1 General .47
9.2 Direct application .48
9.2.1 General.48
9.2.2 Common parameters .48
9.3 Extended applications .49
9.3.1 General.49
9.3.2 Rules .49
9.3.3 Fire engineering calculations .50
9.3.4 Expert judgement .50
10 Improvements in the design of test specimens and modelling to generate fields
of application .56
10.1 General .56
10.2 Expert system based upon the use of performance coefficients.57
10.2.1 Concept .57
10.2.2 Expert system applied to doors .57
Annex A (informative) Principles of using expert judgement to establishing the extended
field of application .62
Bibliography .69
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 12470 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Introduction
Fire resistance tests on building components are necessary to establish their behaviour against pre-
determined criteria when exposed to a representative fully developed fire and to provide information
that may be used in determining the fire safety of buildings. For several decades, people have accepted,
by means of test results only, the possibility of grading the components. Now, due to the enhancement
of our knowledge and the complexity of buildings, it is necessary to be able to give a more accurate
assessment of the components used in buildings, particularly with the growth of the use of functional
approaches to designing fire safe structures.
The need to understand how the element will perform at a different size, with different levels of
restraint, etc., is vital when applying the results of the fire tests in a life safety situation, especially
those where the fire safe solution has been generated using fire safety engineering techniques rather
than code compliant solutions. This does not negate the need to predict any changes that may result
from changes to the test construction when complying with building code solutions, but these codes
may themselves provide solutions that take into account the influence or impact of changes, and indeed,
the guidance given in this document may be used by the code writers to produce such guidance.
Even with the knowledge available to assess the behaviour of a given constructional element, whatever
its design or its size, we will still be some distance away from establishing the complete behaviour of a
building in a real fire.
The philosophy of only grading elements into different fire resistance categories may not give any
indication about how the element actually behaves when heated. By studying and assessing the data
from fire resistance tests, it will be possible, using the guidance within this document, to obtain a
basic understanding of the influence of the main parameters on the element performance during fire
resistance tests.
In practice, tests give much useful information which can be used for interpolation and extrapolation of
the results.
The original version of ISO/TR 12470 was published by ISO/TC 92 in 1998. This Technical Report
provided a methodology in identifying how the results of fire resistance tests carried out in the
standard furnaces could be modified to apply to the elements as they may be used in practice. In some
cases, the results of the test may need to be reduced to reflect any increases in the degree of difficulty
that the final application represents, or alternatively, modifications/enhancements may need to be
made to the construction in order to maintain the performance level(s).
In the intervening years since the original Technical Report was prepared, a greater understanding has
developed as to what the changes are likely to be and how they may be quantified. Some of the work in
CEN (Committee European Normalisation) has aided this process and in particular, the principles given
in Annex A remained unpublished by CEN but were developed in one of the technical Work Groups
of CEN/TC 127. This revision represents the current state-of-art with respect to the objectives of the
original 1998 version of ISO/TR 12470.
In this document, all the assessments of extended application are based, on the one hand, on the
standard time/temperature conditions and, on the other hand, on isolated elements with no interaction
with the adjacent elements.
Ageing and weathering are not covered here.
This document is divided into two parts.
The first part provides the methodology for defining the field of application for loadbearing members,
both separating and non-separating. It also includes a review of the state-of-the-art and possible
improvement in the methods of testing which would make it easier to establish the field of application
for an element.
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Guidance on direct and extended application of test results for specific non-loadbearing elements used
in buildings, and the major parameters, which would be assessed by calculation or by expert judgements
based upon the principles and discipline given in Annex A, are discussed
This document suggests expert systems which could take into account the interaction of various factors
in an assessment of the fire resistance of doors, glazing, services, service penetrations and linear gap seals
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Fire-resistance tests — Guidance on the application
and extension of results from tests conducted on fire
containment assemblies and products —
Part 2:
Non-loadbearing elements
1 Scope
This document explains a methodology to determine the applicability of the results of fire resistance
tests to actual applications.
It is applicable to those non-loadbearing elements for which there is an ISO standard test procedure
based upon the ISO 834 series for determining the fire resistance of a representative sample of the
construction proposed for use in a specific building or just for general use. These elements are:
— fire resisting door assemblies (excluding lift landing doorsets):
— timber;
— steel;
— fire resisting vertical glazing – metal framed:
NOTE The rheology of glass is such that gravity has a disproportional influence on fire glass when it
is heated to high temperatures and as a consequence, it is not possible to provide generic guidance on the
extended application of horizontal glazed elements.
— timber framed;
— linear gap sealing;
— service penetration sealing.
Fire resistance testing furnaces have fairly restricted size limitations and as a consequence, there is
little confidence that the result obtained on an element of construction tested in accordance with the
standard methods will behave in a similar manner when installed in the final building.
Direct and extended applications of test results are the two possible ways to ensure that an element
that is not identical to the tested construction will have an acceptable probability of obtaining the same
fire rating as that of the original tested specimen. In both cases, these applications generally refer only
to the fire rating that the building element can expect to reach if it, or a representative sample of it,
were to be tested in a furnace according to the standard fire test conditions used in the reference test.
The criteria and methodology used in evaluating ductwork and dampers is significantly different
from those used to evaluate conventional separating elements and for this reason, these forms of
construction are not included in the scope of this document. It is planned that a subsequent part of this
document may include guidance on these elements.
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834 (all parts), Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction
ISO/TR 10295 (all parts), Fire tests for building elements and components — Fire testing of service
installations
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 834 (all parts),
ISO/TR 10295 (all parts) and ISO 13943 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
direct application
application that identifies the modifications that can be made to the design of the tested element
without reducing its fire rating
Note 1 to entry: These possible modifications are based on obvious knowledge and do not need further evaluation.
In every case it is, at least, assumed that the basic material(s) used for the construction of the tested sample will
not be changed.
Note 2 to entry: Direct application defines the variation(s) in the construction and the limits of use for the
element which, without further analysis, are covered by the result of a test in accordance with ISO 834 (all parts).
Direct application is arrived at by the application of simple rules (3.4) that are known, or considered by the fire
community, to give equal fire resistance performance by the users. The rules can be applied by non- fire experts.
Note 3 to entry: Only results from one test report can be used when considering a change of an element. Any
combination and use of two or more tests reports or other technical sources should be regarded as extended
application (3.2) and hence dealt with accordingly.
3.2
extended application
application that is arrived at by the application of calculation or assessment rules (3.4) that are known,
or considered by the fire community, to give equal or improved fire resistance performance by the users
Note 1 to entry: The rules are applied by fire experts.
Note 2 to entry: This will generally require an assessment by a fire expert either in developing rules of application
for more general application by others or evaluating the results of fire engineering calculations or for making
a judgement in specific cases. In every case, it will be taken into consideration that extended application may
take into account the difference between the result of the original test and the fire resistance required for the
untested element.
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ISO/TR 12470-2:2017(E)
Note 3 to entry: Extended application defines and specifies the variations in the construction and establishes
the limits of use for an element that has been tested according to the appropriate EN standard based upon an
analysis by fire experts. The extended application can use the results from one or more test reports and can be
based upon rules, calculations and expert judgement. As a result of the extended application, the fire resistance
classification of an element with respect to defined performance characteristics may be maintained, increased
or decreased when used in practice.
3.3
project specific application
application that uses a mixture of established validated calculations/computer models (if they exist and
are appropriate) together with judgements made by suitably qualified persons (normally a professional
badged engineer or a corporate member of a learned professional body)
Note 1 to entry: Because the application will, in these circumstances, require an understanding of both the
structural response and the fire dynamics of the building in question, it is inevitable that the solution will involve
an element of fire safety engineering.
3.4
rule
quantitative factor (3.9) that can be applied to the result of tests when defining the limits of application
for which justification exists as a result of research and testing
Note 1 to entry: Rules are primarily used in determining the direct application (3.1) of the result as their
application do not generally require specialist knowledge.
Note 2 to entry: It is anticipated that these rules be established by the specialist (or ad-hoc) groups preparing
the specific standards based upon public domain knowledge and developed by industry consortia or trade
associations for specific elements for which the members have a
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