ISO/IEC 19792:2025
(Main)Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — General principles, requirements and guidance for security evaluation of biometric systems
Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — General principles, requirements and guidance for security evaluation of biometric systems
This document specifies general principles, requirements and guidance for a security evaluation of a biometric system. This document provides an overview of the main biometric-specific aspects, i.e. recognition performance, presentation attack detection and privacy, and specifies principles to consider for the security evaluation of a biometric system. This document does not address the non-biometric aspects which can form part of the overall security evaluation of a system using biometric technology (e.g. requirements on databases or communication channels).
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General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC 19792
Second edition
Information security, cybersecurity
2025-06
and privacy protection — General
principles, requirements and
guidance for security evaluation of
biometric systems
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
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Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General biometric terms .1
3.2 Biometric systems .3
3.3 Biometric processes .4
3.4 Recognition performance .5
3.5 Presentation attack detection .6
4 Abbreviated terms . 7
5 Overview of security evaluation of biometric systems . 7
5.1 Biometric systems and their vulnerabilities .7
5.2 Approach of security evaluation of biometric systems .8
6 Threat and vulnerability analysis . 9
6.1 Overview .9
6.2 Threats and vulnerabilities for considerations .10
6.2.1 Overview .10
6.2.2 Performance limitations.11
6.2.3 Hostile environment . 12
6.2.4 Insufficient controls of the enrolment process . 12
6.2.5 Difficulty of concealing biometric characteristics . 13
6.2.6 Leakage and alteration of biometric data . 13
6.2.7 Synthesized wolf biometric samples . 13
6.2.8 PAI of biometric characteristics .14
6.2.9 Similarity due to blood relationship .14
6.2.10 Special biometric characteristics .14
6.2.11 Modification of biometric characteristics . 15
6.2.12 Further considerations . 15
7 Evaluation of biometric recognition performance and related vulnerabilities .15
7.1 Overview . 15
7.2 Concept – testing security-relevant error rates . 15
7.3 Independent testing .16
7.4 Consideration of impact of error rates .17
8 Evaluation of biometric vulnerabilities . 17
8.1 Overview .17
8.2 Vulnerability assessment for presentation attacks and other potential threats .18
8.2.1 Application note .18
8.2.2 Performance limitations.18
8.2.3 Hostile environment .18
8.2.4 Procedural vulnerabilities around the enrolment process .19
8.2.5 Difficulty of concealing biometric characteristics .19
8.2.6 Leakage and alteration of biometric data .19
8.2.7 Synthesized wolf biometric samples . 20
8.2.8 PAI of biometric characteristics . 20
8.2.9 Similarity due to blood relationship .21
8.2.10 Special biometric characteristics . 22
8.2.11 Modification of biometric characteristics . 22
8.2.12 Further considerations . 22
9 Privacy .23
9.1 Overview . 23
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
9.2 Data protection . 23
9.3 Account deactivation of biometric reference data .24
9.4 De-enrolment .24
Bibliography .25
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
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responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19792:2009), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the structure has been harmonized with general security evaluation methodology;
— the title has been changed from “Security evaluation of biometrics” to “General principles, requirements
and guidance for security evaluation of biometric systems”, to align with the ISO/IEC 19989 series, the
ISO/IEC 15408 series and the ISO/IEC 18045.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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