ISO 16053:2018
(Main)Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood — Natural weathering test
Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood — Natural weathering test
This document specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended for the decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood. The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor exposure. It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2.
Peintures et vernis — Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture pour bois en extérieur — Essai de vieillissement naturel
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Date: 2018-09
Deleted: Date: 2018-03-15¶
ISO/FDIS 16053¶
ISO 16053
ISO/TC 35/SC 9/WG 31
Secretariat: BSI
Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating systems for
exterior wood — Natural weathering test
Peintures et vernis — Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture pour bois en extérieur — Essai de
vieillissement naturel
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
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different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
Deleted: on
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Deleted: the following URL:
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 16053:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— precision data are added in Annex G;
— using the multi‐blade cutting tool for cross‐cut test is allowed.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16053:2018(E)
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Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating systems for
exterior wood — Natural weathering test
1 Scope
This document specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended
for the decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood.
The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor
exposure. It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927‐2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 2409, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test
ISO 2431, Paints and varnishes — Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 2810, Paints and varnishes — Natural weathering of coatings — Exposure and assessment
ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes — Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85°
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ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
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ISO 4628‐1:2016, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of
quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General
introduction and designation system
ISO 4628‐2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of
blistering
ISO 4628‐4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of
cracking
ISO 4628‐5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
ISO 4628‐6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of
chalking by tape method
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reserved
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
The resistance to natural weathering of the coating system under test, applied to a wood substrate, is
assessed. Durability is evaluated by determining the changes in decorative and protective properties of
coatings after 12 months of exposure.
The standard test substrate selected was Pinus sylvestris (European redwood or Scots pine,
subsequently referred to as pine) in order to obtain relevant results more rapidly. The sapwood, which
is usually present in joinery timber, was chosen for use instead of heartwood because paint failure is
more evident on the former.
Differences in quality of wood and in the weather and site conditions, are recognized and allowed for in
the method by comparing the test with a reference system. The composition of the reference system
(designated as "Internal Comparison Product" or "ICP") shall be as specified in Annex A.
The standard test substrate is pine sapwood with the rear side of panels untreated. However,
supplementary information on coating performance may be obtained by conducting optional tests on
additional wood species, on pine modified or impregnated by industrial processes, by using a pine panel
containing a water trap in its exposed face, or by coating the rear side of the panels.
Optional tests are described in Annex E. It is emphasised that they can serve only to provide additional
information.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Exposure racks, inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, on which the specimens are facing
towards the equator in accordance with ISO 2810.
5.2 Glossmeter, for the measurement of specular gloss in accordance with ISO 2813, at
60° geometry.
5.3 Tristimulus colorimeter or spectrophotometer, for the measurement of colour and calculation
of colour difference in CIELAB colour coordinates.
5.4 Tape and cutting tool, for the assessment of adhesion in accordance with ISO 2409.
5.5 Microscope, with a magnification of ×10 for the assessment of surface defects.
5.6 Microscope, for measurement of film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808:2007, method 6A.
5.7 Self-adhesive, transparent tape, in accordance with ISO 4628‐6 for the assessment of chalking.
5.8 Climate chamber.
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6 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product tested or of each product in the case of a multi‐coat system,
as described in ISO 15528.
Examine and prepare each sample for testing as described in ISO 1513.
7 Test panels
7.1 Wood
The wood shall be pine that has been selected to be free from knots, cracks and resinous streaks and to
be straight‐grained and of normal growth rate (i.e. 3 to 8 annual rings per 10 mm). The inclination of
the growth rings to the face shall be 5° to 45° (see Figure 1).
The wood shall be free from blue stain and evidence of surface or bulk fungal infection. Abnormal
porosity (caused by bacterial attack) shall be avoided in accordance with B.10.
The wood shall be conditioned at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % to an equilibrium
moisture content of (13 ± 2) %.
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Key
a) Example of a panel with no heartwood (if present) closer than 10 mm to the test surface fulfilling the requirement for
growth ring orientation (5º to 45º) at the front side.
b) This panel does not meet the specification because the heartwood is too close to the front side.
c) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º band. The
growth rings incline ‐10º at the left of the panel and 30º at the right. Consequently a part of the surface contains
tangentially cut wood surface (growth ring inclination 0º), with considerable risk of crack formation.
d) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º band. The
growth rings incline 45º at the left of the panel and 70º at the right.
NOTE The top side of panels is the exposed side; the bottom is the rear face.
Figure 1 — Cross section of panels
7.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels
The panels shall be cut from boards planed all round and shall be nominally (375 ± 2) mm ×
(78 ± 3) mm and (20 ± 2) mm thick. For details of panel preparation see Figure 2. The panels shall be
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planed to a smooth and uniform finish. In order to avoid aged wood surface, the panels shall be hand
sanded (mesh 150) immediately before coating. Rounding of edges is not permitted.
The panels shall be selected to give a sapwood test surface on the convex side of the growth rings, with
any heartwood confined to a zone no closer than 10 mm from the front side. Heartwood shall be
checked with the reagent described in B.11, at both ends of each panel.
Any panels showing surface splitting shall be rejected. Where the presence of some minor defects in the
test area is unavoidable, their position should be noted and their influence excluded during the
assessment of coating performance.
7.3 Preparation of coated panels
7.3.1 Wood conditioning
Prior to coating, condition the panels at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % until constant
mass. Keep the panels under the same conditions during drying of the coating system and during
subsequent storage of test panels before exposure. Panels may be transferred for brief periods to other
ambient conditions where this is required for the conduct of specific operations or assessments.
7.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating
For each system, select four panels on a random basis from the available supply. Three panels shall be
used for exposure and the fourth shall be for unexposed reference.
Apply the coating system to the front and side faces of each panel. The front side of the panel is the side
facing the bark of the tree. The back of the panel and end‐grains shall be left uncoated.
Apply the coating system using the method specified by the manufacturer to give a wet film thickness
corresponding to the mean value (±20 %) of the manufacturer's recommended spreading rate.
Record the quantity of coating applied to each test panel and subsequently calculate a mean value for
2
the four panels. The values should be stated preferably in g/m, but may also be expressed as wet film
thickness (in micrometres).
7.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP)
Prepare four panels by applying the ICP to the front and side faces of each panel. The back of the panel
and end‐grains shall be left uncoated. Apply the ICP by brushing in three coats, allowing 16 h to 24 h
2
drying between coats. The spreading rate shall correspond to a total of (150 ± 30) g/m wet film. The
dry film thickness shall be (50 ± 10) μm on pine.
One set of ICP panels exposed at the same time may serve as the comparison for one or more test
coatings.
7.3.4 Sealing and ageing
When the test coatings and ICP have dried, seal thoroughly the ends of the panels with at least two coats
of a flexible, moisture‐impermeable white paint, for example of long‐oil alkyd type, and capable of
withstanding 2 years of natural exposure without breakdown. The sealer may be applied by brushing or
dipping. The sealer shall be applied to the bands marked "a" and "c" at the ends of the panel shown in
Figure 2. It is important that the sealer is applied all round, i.e. that front, sides, end grains and rear face
of the bands are coated.
After sealing, age the panels for approximately 7 days in the controlled environment at (20 ± 2) °C and a
relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %, before carrying out initial panel examinations.
Exposure shall start at the latest 28 days after completion of sealing.
Dimensions in millimetres
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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Key
1, 2 and 3 exposure panels
R unexposed reference panel
a
Sealed end (may be used for the numbering of test panels).
b
Section for the application of the coating system.
c
Sealed end.
NOTE The figure is not to scale.
Figure 2 — Details of test panels
7.3.5 Thickness of the coating
Determine the dry film thickness of the ICP and the test coating using the unexposed reference panels.
Examine three small chips of coated wood removed from each reference panel by microscopy in
accordance with ISO 2808:2007, method 6A. The three chips shall be removed at three different places
spaced evenly across the panel width. Make five measurements on each of the three chips and calculate
and record the mean value in micrometres.
The thickness is stated in micrometres and refers to the layer on (above) the wood surface. Systems
may penetrate the wood material to some extent, but this part is not included in the determination.
8 Procedure
8.1 General
Carry out all examinations in accordance with Annex B and Annex C.
8.2 Examination before exposure
Before exposure, carry out the following measurements on the test panels and the ICP:
— mass of the coating system applied (by weighing) (see 7.3.2);
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— coating thickness (see 7.3.5);
— gloss;
— colour.
Assess the adhesion on the reference panel for the test coating and the ICP.
As wood is a natural material, unexpected defects can be detected in the coated panels just before
exposure, even though the wood material has been selected, inspected and prepared along the
guidelines of 7.1 and 7.2. If such panels as an exception are exposed, the type, size and position of
defects shall be noted, so as to avoid any influence on the assessment after exposure.
For further details, see Annex B and Annex C.
8.3 Exposure
Expose three of the four panels with their long edge horizontal and the 50 mm band to the left of the
exposed face, for a period of 12 months, using the exposure racks (5.1). Record the starting and ending
dates.
Store the reference panels indoors at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
8.4 Examination after exposure
8.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks
At the end of the 12 months exposure period, examine the panels on the exposure racks and record any
blistering. Remove the panels from the racks to the laboratory and condition for 7 days at a
temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
8.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels
Assess the panels for the following properties:
— flaking;
— cracking;
— mould growth;
— chalking;
— general appearance.
8.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels
After the first examinations (8.4.1 and 8.4.2), wash the panels by sponging with clean lukewarm water
to remove surface deposits and atmospheric pollutants, and allow the panels to dry.
Examine the coating on the reference and exposed panels for gloss and colour.
Examine the coating on the exposed panels for mould growth, adhesion and general appearance.
9 Precision data
Further information for precision data is given in Annex G.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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10 Expression of results and test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested, including name and address of the manufacturer
or supplier of the coating system tested, name or other identification marks of the coating system
tested, including the batch number, description of the coating system tested, method and date of
application, coating thickness and colour;
b) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 16053;
c) the name and address of the testing laboratory;
d) the exposure site;
e) an identification number of the test report;
f) the name and address of the organization or the person who ordered the test;
g) the method of sampling, date and person responsible for the sampling;
h) the date of receipt of the coating system tested;
i) the exposure period (start and finishing dates);
j) any deviations from the test methods specified;
k) the test results (see 8.2, 8.4.2 and 8.4.3);
l) the date of authorization of the test report;
m) the type of cutting tool used for adhesion measurement (see B.9.2.1).
An example for a suitable form is given in Annex D.
A copy of the test report together with data sheets should be stored to comply with quality assurance
requirements.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
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Annex A
(normative)
ICP alkyd stain
Table A.1 — ICP alkyd stain
Component Name Supplier Remarks Amount
% (by mass)
TM
Alkyd Synolac 6005 Cray Valley 70 % non volatile 49,05
WDA matter content
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 Exxon 3,77
TM
Pigment, red Sicoflush L2817 BASF 40 % pigment in 4,63
a
paste
TM
Pigment, yellow Sicoflush L1916 BASF 40 % pigment in 2,30
a
paste
TM
Rheological additive Bentone 34 Elementis Specialties 10 % premix in 0,60
white spirit (85 %),
and ethanol (5 %)
TM
Ca drier Nuodex Ca 5 % Rockwood Pigments 5 % calcium, non 2,77
volatile matter
content about 55 %
TM
Co drier Nuodex Co 10 % Rockwood Pigments 10 % cobalt, non 0,37
volatile matter
content about 75 %
TM
Zr drier Nuodex Zr 12 % Rockwood Pigments 12 % zirconium, non 0,30
volatile matter
content about 45 %
TM
Biocide Preventol A5S Lanxess Powder (96 % active 0,72
ingredients)
b TM
HALS Tinuvin 292 BASF 0,45
TM
Antiskin Exkin 2 Rockwood Pigments Methyl ethyl 0,20
ketoxime
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 ExxonMobil 34,84
chemical
Total % (by mass) 100,00
NOTE 1 ICP receipt is no longer in conformity with VOC directive 1999/13/EC. It only serves to characterise the climatic
conditions during exposure and it has no commercial relevance. It has only been retained for continuity until a replacement
has been validated.
NOTE 2 The trademarks and suppliers are given for the convenience of users of this document and do not constitute an
endorsement by ISO of these products. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
a
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16053
Third edition
2018-09
Paints and varnishes — Coating
materials and coating systems for
exterior wood — Natural weathering
test
Peintures et vernis — Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture
pour bois en extérieur — Essai de vieillissement naturel
Reference number
ISO 16053:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
6 Sampling . 2
7 Test panels . 3
7.1 Wood . 3
7.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels . 3
7.3 Preparation of coated panels . 4
7.3.1 Wood conditioning . 4
7.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating . 4
7.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP) . 4
7.3.4 Sealing and ageing . 4
7.3.5 Thickness of the coating . 5
8 Procedure. 5
8.1 General . 5
8.2 Examination before exposure . 6
8.3 Exposure . 6
8.4 Examination after exposure. 6
8.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks . 6
8.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels . 6
8.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels . 6
9 Precision data . 7
10 Expression of results and test report . 7
Annex A (normative) ICP alkyd stain . 8
Annex B (normative) Details of test methods .10
Annex C (normative) Assessment requirements for panels of test coatings and ICP .13
Annex D (informative) Suggested format for a test report .14
Annex E (informative) Optional tests including variations to standard weathering test
procedure to obtain additional information on coating performance .17
Annex F (informative) Explanatory notes .20
Annex G (informative) Precision data .21
Bibliography .22
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 16053:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— precision data are added in Annex G;
— using the multi-blade cutting tool for cross-cut test is allowed.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16053:2018(E)
Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating
systems for exterior wood — Natural weathering test
1 Scope
This document specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended
for the decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood.
The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor
exposure. It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 2409, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test
ISO 2431, Paints and varnishes — Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 2810, Paints and varnishes — Natural weathering of coatings — Exposure and assessment
ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes — Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85°
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
ISO 4628-1:2016, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity
and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction and
designation system
ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity
and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of
blistering
ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity
and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of
cracking
ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
ISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity
and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of
chalking by tape method
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 apply.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
The resistance to natural weathering of the coating system under test, applied to a wood substrate, is
assessed. Durability is evaluated by determining the changes in decorative and protective properties of
coatings after 12 months of exposure.
The standard test substrate selected was Pinus sylvestris (European redwood or Scots pine,
subsequently referred to as pine) in order to obtain relevant results more rapidly. The sapwood, which
is usually present in joinery timber, was chosen for use instead of heartwood because paint failure is
more evident on the former.
Differences in quality of wood and in the weather and site conditions, are recognized and allowed for
in the method by comparing the test with a reference system. The composition of the reference system
(designated as "Internal Comparison Product" or "ICP") shall be as specified in Annex A.
The standard test substrate is pine sapwood with the rear side of panels untreated. However,
supplementary information on coating performance may be obtained by conducting optional tests on
additional wood species, on pine modified or impregnated by industrial processes, by using a pine panel
containing a water trap in its exposed face, or by coating the rear side of the panels.
Optional tests are described in Annex E. It is emphasised that they can serve only to provide additional
information.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Exposure racks, inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, on which the specimens are facing
towards the equator in accordance with ISO 2810.
5.2 Glossmeter, for the measurement of specular gloss in accordance with ISO 2813, at 60° geometry.
5.3 Tristimulus colorimeter or spectrophotometer, for the measurement of colour and calculation
of colour difference in CIELAB colour coordinates.
5.4 Tape and cutting tool, for the assessment of adhesion in accordance with ISO 2409.
5.5 Microscope, with a magnification of ×10 for the assessment of surface defects.
5.6 Microscope, for measurement of film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808:2007, method 6A.
5.7 Self-adhesive, transparent tape, in accordance with ISO 4628-6 for the assessment of chalking.
5.8 Climate chamber.
6 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product tested or of each product in the case of a multi-coat system,
as described in ISO 15528.
Examine and prepare each sample for testing as described in ISO 1513.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
7 Test panels
7.1 Wood
The wood shall be pine that has been selected to be free from knots, cracks and resinous streaks and
to be straight-grained and of normal growth rate (i.e. 3 to 8 annual rings per 10 mm). The inclination of
the growth rings to the face shall be 5° to 45° (see Figure 1).
The wood shall be free from blue stain and evidence of surface or bulk fungal infection. Abnormal
porosity (caused by bacterial attack) shall be avoided in accordance with B.10.
The wood shall be conditioned at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % to an equilibrium
moisture content of (13 ± 2) %.
Key
a) Example of a panel with no heartwood (if present) closer than 10 mm to the test surface fulfilling the requirement
for growth ring orientation (5º to 45º) at the front side.
b) This panel does not meet the specification because the heartwood is too close to the front side.
c) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º band.
The growth rings incline -10º at the left of the panel and 30º at the right. Consequently a part of the surface
contains tangentially cut wood surface (growth ring inclination 0º), with considerable risk of crack formation.
d) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º band.
The growth rings incline 45º at the left of the panel and 70º at the right.
NOTE The top side of panels is the exposed side; the bottom is the rear face.
Figure 1 — Cross section of panels
7.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels
The panels shall be cut from boards planed all round and shall be nominally (375 ± 2) mm × (78 ± 3) mm
and (20 ± 2) mm thick. For details of panel preparation see Figure 2. The panels shall be planed to a
smooth and uniform finish. In order to avoid aged wood surface, the panels shall be hand sanded (mesh
150) immediately before coating. Rounding of edges is not permitted.
The panels shall be selected to give a sapwood test surface on the convex side of the growth rings,
with any heartwood confined to a zone no closer than 10 mm from the front side. Heartwood shall be
checked with the reagent described in B.11, at both ends of each panel.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Any panels showing surface splitting shall be rejected. Where the presence of some minor defects in
the test area is unavoidable, their position should be noted and their influence excluded during the
assessment of coating performance.
7.3 Preparation of coated panels
7.3.1 Wood conditioning
Prior to coating, condition the panels at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % until constant
mass. Keep the panels under the same conditions during drying of the coating system and during
subsequent storage of test panels before exposure. Panels may be transferred for brief periods to other
ambient conditions where this is required for the conduct of specific operations or assessments.
7.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating
For each system, select four panels on a random basis from the available supply. Three panels shall be
used for exposure and the fourth shall be for unexposed reference.
Apply the coating system to the front and side faces of each panel. The front side of the panel is the side
facing the bark of the tree. The back of the panel and end-grains shall be left uncoated.
Apply the coating system using the method specified by the manufacturer to give a wet film thickness
corresponding to the mean value (±20 %) of the manufacturer's recommended spreading rate.
Record the quantity of coating applied to each test panel and subsequently calculate a mean value for
2
the four panels. The values should be stated preferably in g/m , but may also be expressed as wet film
thickness (in micrometres).
7.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP)
Prepare four panels by applying the ICP to the front and side faces of each panel. The back of the panel
and end-grains shall be left uncoated. Apply the ICP by brushing in three coats, allowing 16 h to 24 h
2
drying between coats. The spreading rate shall correspond to a total of (150 ± 30) g/m wet film. The
dry film thickness shall be (50 ± 10) μm on pine.
One set of ICP panels exposed at the same time may serve as the comparison for one or more test
coatings.
7.3.4 Sealing and ageing
When the test coatings and ICP have dried, seal thoroughly the ends of the panels with at least two
coats of a flexible, moisture-impermeable white paint, for example of long-oil alkyd type, and capable of
withstanding 2 years of natural exposure without breakdown. The sealer may be applied by brushing
or dipping. The sealer shall be applied to the bands marked "a" and "c" at the ends of the panel shown in
Figure 2. It is important that the sealer is applied all round, i.e. that front, sides, end grains and rear face
of the bands are coated.
After sealing, age the panels for approximately 7 days in the controlled environment at (20 ± 2) °C and a
relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %, before carrying out initial panel examinations.
Exposure shall start at the latest 28 days after completion of sealing.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1, 2 and 3 exposure panels
R unexposed reference panel
a
Sealed end (may be used for the numbering of test panels).
b
Section for the application of the coating system.
c
Sealed end.
NOTE The figure is not to scale.
Figure 2 — Details of test panels
7.3.5 Thickness of the coating
Determine the dry film thickness of the ICP and the test coating using the unexposed reference panels.
Examine three small chips of coated wood removed from each reference panel by microscopy in
accordance with ISO 2808:2007, method 6A. The three chips shall be removed at three different places
spaced evenly across the panel width. Make five measurements on each of the three chips and calculate
and record the mean value in micrometres.
The thickness is stated in micrometres and refers to the layer on (above) the wood surface. Systems
may penetrate the wood material to some extent, but this part is not included in the determination.
8 Procedure
8.1 General
Carry out all examinations in accordance with Annex B and Annex C.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
8.2 Examination before exposure
Before exposure, carry out the following measurements on the test panels and the ICP:
— mass of the coating system applied (by weighing) (see 7.3.2);
— coating thickness (see 7.3.5);
— gloss;
— colour.
Assess the adhesion on the reference panel for the test coating and the ICP.
As wood is a natural material, unexpected defects can be detected in the coated panels just before
exposure, even though the wood material has been selected, inspected and prepared along the
guidelines of 7.1 and 7.2. If such panels as an exception are exposed, the type, size and position of defects
shall be noted, so as to avoid any influence on the assessment after exposure.
For further details, see Annex B and Annex C.
8.3 Exposure
Expose three of the four panels with their long edge horizontal and the 50 mm band to the left of
the exposed face, for a period of 12 months, using the exposure racks (5.1). Record the starting and
ending dates.
Store the reference panels indoors at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
8.4 Examination after exposure
8.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks
At the end of the 12 months exposure period, examine the panels on the exposure racks and record any
blistering. Remove the panels from the racks to the laboratory and condition for 7 days at a temperature
of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
8.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels
Assess the panels for the following properties:
— flaking;
— cracking;
— mould growth;
— chalking;
— general appearance.
8.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels
After the first examinations (8.4.1 and 8.4.2), wash the panels by sponging with clean lukewarm water
to remove surface deposits and atmospheric pollutants, and allow the panels to dry.
Examine the coating on the reference and exposed panels for gloss and colour.
Examine the coating on the exposed panels for mould growth, adhesion and general appearance.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
9 Precision data
Further information for precision data is given in Annex G.
10 Expression of results and test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested, including name and address of the manufacturer
or supplier of the coating system tested, name or other identification marks of the coating system
tested, including the batch number, description of the coating system tested, method and date of
application, coating thickness and colour;
b) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 16053;
c) the name and address of the testing laboratory;
d) the exposure site;
e) an identification number of the test report;
f) the name and address of the organization or the person who ordered the test;
g) the method of sampling, date and person responsible for the sampling;
h) the date of receipt of the coating system tested;
i) the exposure period (start and finishing dates);
j) any deviations from the test methods specified;
k) the test results (see 8.2, 8.4.2 and 8.4.3);
l) the date of authorization of the test report;
m) the type of cutting tool used for adhesion measurement (see B.9.2.1).
An example for a suitable form is given in Annex D.
A copy of the test report together with data sheets should be stored to comply with quality assurance
requirements.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Annex A
(normative)
ICP alkyd stain
Table A.1 — ICP alkyd stain
Component Name Supplier Remarks Amount
% (by mass)
TM
Alkyd Synolac 6005 WDA Cray Valley 70 % non volatile 49,05
matter content
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 Exxon 3,77
TM
Pigment, red Sicoflush L2817 BASF 40 % pigment in 4,63
a
paste
TM
Pigment, yellow Sicoflush L1916 BASF 40 % pigment in 2,30
a
paste
TM
Rheological additive Bentone 34 Elementis Specialties 10 % premix in 0,60
white spirit (85 %),
and ethanol (5 %)
TM
Ca drier Nuodex Ca 5 % Rockwood Pigments 5 % calcium, non 2,77
volatile matter con-
tent about 55 %
TM
Co drier Nuodex Co 10 % Rockwood Pigments 10 % cobalt, non 0,37
volatile matter con-
tent about 75 %
TM
Zr drier Nuodex Zr 12 % Rockwood Pigments 12 % zirconium, non 0,30
volatile matter con-
tent about 45 %
TM
Biocide Preventol A5S Lanxess Powder (96 % active 0,72
ingredients)
b TM
HALS Tinuvin 292 BASF 0,45
TM
Antiskin Exkin 2 Rockwood Pigments Methyl ethyl ke- 0,20
toxime
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 ExxonMobil chemical 34,84
Total % (by mass) 100,00
NOTE 1 ICP receipt is no longer in conformity with VOC directive 1999/13/EC. It only serves to characterise the climatic
conditions during exposure and it has no commercial relevance. It has only been retained for continuity until a replacement
has been validated.
NOTE 2 The trademarks and suppliers are given for the convenience of users of this document and do not constitute an
endorsement by ISO of these products. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
a
Particle size ≤10 µm.
b
Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer (Free radical quencher).
The following properties and values shall be controlled by the manufacturer.
3 3
Density: 0,90 g/cm to 0,91 g/cm .
Viscosity: 33,5 s, determined with a 4 mm flow cup as specified in ISO 2431, which corresponds to a
2
kinematic viscosity of 39 mm /s.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
1)
TM
Colour: Apply the ICP with a wet film thickness of 90 μm on the non-absorbing side of a Leneta
card. After 24 h of drying, determine the colour as described in B.2. The following values are guidelines
for final colour:
— L ≈ 56;
— a ≈ 42;
— b ≈ 52.
Add the ingredients in the order given and follow good manufacturing practice.
Record the date of manufacture on the containers.
Store in well-sealed containers and use within 2 years of manufacture.
TM
1) Leneta is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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ISO 16053:2018(E)
Annex B
(normative)
Details of test methods
B.1 Gloss and change of gloss
Measure the specular gloss in accordance with ISO 2813 using a glossmeter at 60° incident light angle.
Determine the value for each area along the grain, i.e. with the light beam parallel to the grain. Obtain
three measurements on separate areas along the length of the panel. Displace the glossmeter sidewise
and obtain three measurements on adjacent areas with the light beam incident on the panel from the
opposite direction. Take the mean of the six measurements obtained.
Calculate the gloss change of each of the three exposed panels, CG and of the unexposed reference
ex
panel, CG . Calculate the mean of the gloss change of the three exposed panels. State the final result to
ref
one decimal place.
B.2 Colour and colour change
Measure the colour using the measurement geometry 45/0 or d/8 with specular component included
(sci/spin). The geometry used shall be stated in the test report. Determine the CIE 1976 colour co-
ordinates (L*, a*, b*) for the standard illuminant D65 and standard observer 10° for each panel as a
mean of 6 single measur
...
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