ISO/TS 13141:2010
(Main)Electronic fee collection — Localisation augmentation communication for autonomous systems
Electronic fee collection — Localisation augmentation communication for autonomous systems
ISO/TS 13141:2010 establishes requirements for short-range communication for the purposes of augmenting the localisation in autonomous electronic fee collection (EFC) systems. Localisation augmentation serves to inform OBE about geographical location and the identification of a charge object. ISO/TS 13141:2010 specifies the provision of location and heading information and security means to protect from the manipulation of the OBE with false road-side equipment (RSE). The localisation augmentation communication takes place between an OBE in a vehicle and fixed road-side equipment. ISO/TS 13141:2010 is applicable to OBE in an autonomous mode of operation. ISO/TS 13141:2010 defines attributes and functions for the purpose of localisation augmentation, by making use of the DSRC communication services provided by DSRC Layer 7, and makes these LAC attributes and functions available to the LAC applications at the RSE and the OBE. Attributes and functions are defined on the level of Application Data Units.
Perception de télépéage — Communications d'augmentation de localisations pour systèmes autonomes
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 13141
First edition
2010-02-15
Electronic fee collection — Localisation
augmentation communication for
autonomous systems
Perception de télépéage — Communications d'augmentation de
localisations pour systèmes autonomes
Reference number
ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 Abbreviated terms .4
5 Application interface architecture .5
5.1 General .5
5.2 Services provided.5
5.3 Attributes.5
5.4 Contract and toll context .6
5.5 Use of lower layers.6
6 Functions.7
6.1 Functions in detail.7
6.2 Security.8
7 Attributes.9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Data regarding location reference .9
7.3 Operational data .10
7.4 OBE contractual data .10
7.5 Security-related data .11
8 Transaction model.11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Initialisation phase .11
8.3 Transaction phase.11
Annex A (normative) LAC data type specifications .13
Annex B (normative) PICS proforma for the data elements in the attribute.16
Annex C (informative) UNI DSRC communication stack usage for LAC communications.25
Annex D (informative) IR communication usage for LAC applications.30
Annex E (informative) ARIB DSRC communication stack usage for LAC applications .31
Annex F (informative) LAC transaction example.33
Bibliography.35
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 13141 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 278, Road transport and traffic telematics, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee
ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
Introduction
On-board equipment (OBE) working with satellite-based positioning to collect data required for charging for
the use of roads operate in a so-called autonomous way (i.e. generally without relying on dedicated road-side
infrastructure). However, these autonomous systems can, in particular places, need some road-side
infrastructure support for proper identification of charge objects. Such assistance might be required at places
where satellite-based localisation accuracy or availability is insufficient or at places where the OBE is directly
informed about the identity of the relevant charge object.
In an interoperable environment, it is essential that this localisation information be available in a standardized
way. This Technical Specification defines requirements for localisation augmentation by dedicated short-range
communication (DSRC) between road-side equipment and on-board equipment. This Technical Specification
makes no assumptions about the operator of the road-side equipment, in terms of his role according to
ISO 17573, i.e. whether the road-side equipment is operated by an entity in the Service Provision role or in the
Toll Charging role.
This Technical Specification has been prepared considering the following requirements:
⎯ the localisation augmentation communication (LAC) serves to transmit localisation information to passing
OBE without identifying individual OBE;
⎯ the localisation information contains both geographical location independent of charging context, and
context-dependent identification of charge objects;
⎯ a single road-side installation is able to provide localisation augmentation for several overlapping EFC
contexts;
⎯ this Technical Specification is according to the EFC architecture specified in ISO 17573;
⎯ the communication applies to all OBE architectures;
⎯ this Technical Specification is applicable to various DSRC media, including the CEN DSRC stack;
⎯ the communication supports security services for data origin authentication, integrity and non-repudiation.
This Technical Specification defines an attribute, LACData, which is communicated from the roadside to the
OBE by means of an acknowledged writing service, which is implemented through the SET service of DSRC
Layer 7 (ISO 15628 and EN 12834). The LAC application is defined as a self-contained DSRC application with
its own application identifier (AID). Regarding the DSRC communications stack, this Technical Specification
gives definitions for the CEN DSRC stack, as used in EN 15509 and the Annexes C, D and E demonstrate the
use of ISO CALM IR, UNI DSRC and ARIB DSRC.
All data relevant for the LAC application have been put into the attribute LACData, in order to create a single
standard communications content transmitted by all road-side equipment, and always signed as a whole.
LACData can transport both geographic coordinates (Lat, Long, Alt) and the identification of a specific charge
object. All elements of LACData are mandatory, but Null values are defined to allow LAC installations to
transmit only a selection of all defined data elements.
Access credentials are mandatory for writing LACData in order to protect OBE from non-authentic road-side
equipment. LACData are critical for charge determination and need to have evidentiary quality. For these
purposes, the authenticators which are defined can be used to provide for data origin authentication, data
integrity and non-repudiation for LACData. There are two separate authenticator fields defined to allow for
separate authentication and non-repudiation, if required by the institutional arrangements of a toll system.
This Technical Specification is minimal, in order to be able to cover what is required by operational EFC
systems and systems planned in the foreseeable future.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
Electronic fee collection — Localisation augmentation
communication for autonomous systems
1 Scope
This Technical Specification establishes requirements for short-range communication for the purposes of
augmenting the localisation in autonomous electronic fee collection (EFC) systems. Localisation augmentation
serves to inform OBE about geographical location and the identification of a charge object. This Technical
Specification specifies the provision of location and heading information and security means to protect from
the manipulation of the OBE with false road-side equipment (RSE).
The localisation augmentation communication takes place between an OBE in a vehicle and fixed road-side
equipment. This Technical Specification is applicable to OBE in an autonomous mode of operation.
This Technical Specification defines attributes and functions for the purpose of localisation augmentation, by
making use of the DSRC communication services provided by DSRC Layer 7, and makes these LAC
attributes and functions available to the LAC applications at the RSE and the OBE. Attributes and functions
are defined on the level of ADUs (Application Data Units, see Figure 1).
As depicted in Figure 1, this Technical Specification is applicable to:
⎯ the application interface definition between OBE and RSE;
⎯ the interface to the DSRC application layer, as specified in ISO 15628 and EN 12834;
⎯ the use of the DSRC stack.
The localisation augmentation communication is suitable for a range of short-range communication media.
This Technical Specification gives specific definitions regarding the CEN DSRC stack as used in EN 15509,
and Annexes C, D and E give the use of ISO CALM IR, UNI DSRC and ARIB DSRC.
This Technical Specification contains a protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma and
informative transaction examples. This Technical Specification is not applicable to test specifications.
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
RSE OBE
AP AP
Road-side LAC On-board LAC
application application
RSE LAC OBE LAC
function calls function calls
ADU
DSRC functions
DSRC functions
Scope of this
for LAC for LAC
Technical
Specification
Communication Communication
service primitives service primitives
DSRC communication services
Figure 1 — The LAC application interface
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 12813, Electronic fee collection — Compliance check communication for autonomous systems
1)
ISO 14906:— , Road transport and traffic telematics — Electronic fee collection — Application interface
definition for dedicated short-range communication
ISO 15628:2007, Road transport and traffic telematics — Dedicated short range communication (DSRC) —
DSRC application layer
ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic
notation — Part 1
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 14906:2004).
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
ISO/IEC 8825-2, Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules
(PER) — Part 2
EN 12834, Road transport and traffic telematics — Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) — DSRC
application layer
EN 15509:2007, Road transport and traffic telematics — Electronic fee collection — Interoperability
application profile for DSRC
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access credentials
data that are transferred to on-board equipment in order to establish the claimed identity of a road-side
equipment application process entity
[ISO 14906]
3.2
attribute
application information formed by one or by a sequence of data elements, used for implementation of a
transaction
NOTE Adapted from ISO 14906:—, definition 3.3.
3.3
authenticator
data appended to, or a cryptographic transformation of, a data unit that allows a recipient of the data unit to
prove the source and/or the integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery
NOTE Adapted from ISO 14906:—, definition 3.4.
3.4
charge object
geographic object where a charge for the use of infrastructure is due according to the definition in the toll
regime
3.5
contract
expression of an agreement between two or more parties concerning the use of the road infrastructure
[ISO 14906]
3.6
data integrity
property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner
[ISO 14906]
3.7
road-side equipment
equipment installed at a fixed position along the road transport network, for the purposes of communication
and data exchange with the on-board equipment of passing vehicles
[ISO 14906]
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
3.8
on-board equipment
equipment located within the interrogated vehicle and supporting the information exchange with the road-side
equipment
3.9
service
toll service
service enabling users having a contract and an OBE to use a vehicle in one or more toll domains
3.10
service primitive
service primitive communication
elementary communication service provided by the application layer protocol to the application processes
[ISO 14906]
NOTE The invocation of a service primitive by an application process implicitly calls upon and uses services offered
by the lower protocol layers.
3.11
toll regime
set of rules defining a toll scheme, i.e. the rules defining the charge and the charging processes for a specific
road-user charging measure
3.12
toll context
logical view of a toll regime as defined by attributes and functions
3.13
transaction
whole of the exchange of information between the road-side equipment and the on-board equipment
necessary for the completion of a toll or compliance checking operation
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
ADU Application data unit (see ISO 14906)
AID Application identifier (see ISO 15628 and EN 12834)
ASN.1 Abstract syntax notation one (see ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002)
BST Beacon service table (see ISO 14906)
CCC Compliance check communication
DSRC Dedicated short-range communication (see ISO 14906)
EID Element identifier (see ISO 15628 and EN 12834)
EFC Electronic fee collection (see ISO 14906)
IR Infrared
LAC Localisation augmentation communication
MAC Media Access control (see ISO 14906) or Message authentication code
OBE On-board equipment (see ISO 14906)
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
PICS Protocol implementation conformance statement
RSE Road-side equipment (see ISO 14906)
VST Vehicle service table (see ISO 14906)
5 Application interface architecture
5.1 General
This clause gives an insight into the LAC architecture by identifying the functions, the use of DSRC
communication primitives, and the attributes addressed. A detailed description of the functions is given in
Clause 6, while details of the attributes are in Clause 7.
The LAC application interface has been designed to make use of the CEN DSRC communication stack, via
the application layer as specified in ISO 15628 and EN 12834. For other identified DSRC communication
media, detailed mappings to corresponding services are given in the annexes.
5.2 Services provided
The LAC application interface offers the following services to LAC applications:
⎯ writing of data in order for the RSE to communicate location data to the OBE;
⎯ authentication of the RSE by the OBE by means of access credentials.
There is no read service provided within the LAC communication. The RSE transmits data to the OBE using
the underlying acknowledged communication services, in order to verify that the data indeed are properly
transmitted over the DSRC interface.
The above services are realized by means of protocol exchanges performed by means of communication
services and transactions as described in Clause 8.
The services are provided by the following functions:
⎯ the “Initialise communication” function, which is used to establish the LAC communication link between
the RSE and OBE;
⎯ the “Write data” function, which is used to send LAC attributes to the OBE;
⎯ the “Terminate communication” function, which is used to terminate the LAC communication.
5.3 Attributes
There is a single attribute defined for localisation augmentation. This attribute contains a set of data in order
for the OBE to be able to determine its localisation with better accuracy and availability or to directly receive a
charge object identification related to the local toll context. This set of data contains:
⎯ geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude and altitude);
⎯ charge object reference.
When the RSE writes this attribute to the OBE, it shall transmit geographic coordinates or charge object
reference or both.
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
5.4 Contract and toll context
Regarding LAC, the OBE shall identify itself in the initialisation phase with a single LAC Context Mark in the
VST. This Context Mark identifies the user contract in terms of the service provider, type of contract and
version information. This information enables the RSE to decide whether the OBE carries a contract which it
can support, and if so, to choose the corresponding security elements.
A RSE can provide the OBE with localisation augmentation for several overlapping contexts simultaneously,
by writing the LAC attribute (which includes the applicable toll context) several times in one transaction.
NOTE The LAC works in a broadcast fashion, where the roadside has only minimal information about the OBE and is
not able to assess the liability of a vehicle for tolls. For this reason, the OBE can receive LAC information which is not
applicable.
5.5 Use of lower layers
5.5.1 Supported DSRC communication stacks
The LAC application interface makes use of the CEN DSRC communication stack as described in Table 1.
Other communication media can be used as listed in Table 1 if an equivalent mapping to corresponding
services is provided. Detailed examples are provided in Annexes C, D and E.
Table 1 — Supported short-range communication stacks
Medium Application layer Lower layers Detailed specifications
ISO 15628 EN 12795
CEN-DSRC Specification in 5.5.2
and EN 12834 EN 12253
Italian UNI DSRC UNI 10607-4:2007 UNI 10607-2:2007
Example implementation in Annex C
UNI 10607-3:2007 UNI 10607-1:2007
ISO CALM IR ISO 15628
ISO 21214 Example implementation in Annex D
and EN 12834
ARIB DSRC ARIB STD-T75 ARIB STD-T75
Example implementation in Annex E
and ISO 15628 ITU-R.M1453-2
If more than one communication medium is implemented in an OBE, the OBE shall respond to RSE
interrogations on the same medium as the RSE has used.
5.5.2 The use of the CEN DSRC stack
The LAC application shall be used with the CEN DSRC communication stack in the following ways:
⎯ the OBE shall comply with EN 15509:2007, 5.1.2;
⎯ the RSE shall comply with EN 15509:2007, 5.2.2.
Compliance with EN 15509 implies compliance of the DSRC stack with ISO 15628 and EN 12834 regarding
the application layer, and EN 12795 and EN 12253 for the lower layers.
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
6 Functions
6.1 Functions in detail
6.1.1 General
All functions defined in this clause shall be available on the OBE side.
For CEN-DSRC, the functions shall be provided by the DSRC application layer as specified in ISO 15628 and
EN 12834 (services INITIALISATION, SET and RELEASE).
Only the functions for CEN DSRC are defined in 6.1.2 to 6.1.4. For other supported media according to 5.5.1,
equivalent functionality shall be provided; see Annex C for UNI 5.8 GHZ microwave DSRC, Annex D for
CALM infrared DSRC and Annex E for ARIB microwave DSRC.
6.1.2 Initialising communication
Initialisation of the communication shall be carried out by the RSE. The invocation of an initialisation request
by the RSE attempts to initialise communication between RSE and OBE. After successful initialisation, the
function “Initialise communication” shall notify the applications on the RSE and OBE sides.
The initialisation notification on the OBE side shall carry at least the identity of the beacon (e.g. the beacon
serial number) and absolute time. The initialisation notification on the RSE side shall carry the LAC application
identity and also the data required for the security services (e.g. random number and key identifier).
The function “Initialise communication” shall be provided by the application layer INITIALISATION services, as
specified in ISO 15628 and EN 12834. It is defined in Annex A (see LAC-InitialiseComm-Request and
LAC-InitialiseComm-Response).
6.1.3 Writing of data
The function “Write data” shall be provided by the application layer SET service as specified in ISO 15628 and
EN 12834, and is defined in Annex A (see LAC-DataTx-Request and LAC-DataTx-Response).
NOTE The “mode” parameter in the LAC-DataTx-Request indicates whether or not the corresponding response is
expected. If mode=false, the response primitive is not used and the reception is only acknowledged by the OBE on lower
layers.
In the SET service primitives, iid shall not be used.
The SET shall always carry access credentials.
6.1.4 Termination of communication
The RSE may terminate the communication with the function “Terminate communication”. The invocation of a
release request by the RSE attempts to close the communication on the application level.
NOTE A termination of the communication on link level is outside of the scope of this Technical Specification.
The function “Terminate communication” shall be provided by the application layer service EVENT-REPORT,
as specified in ISO 15628 and EN 12834, and is defined in Annex A (see LAC-TerminateComm).
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ISO/TS 13141:2010(E)
6.2 Security
6.2.1 General
Security is an essential part of LAC applications. This specification provides for both communication-related
security services and communication-transparent data elements, which may provide security characteristics.
This specification for localisation augmentation communication provides for a “Write data” function and uses
access credentials as a mandatory communication security provision. Access credentials provide for
protection against unauthorized writing of LAC data, and hence for authentication of the LAC RSE and the
LAC data to the OBE. The detailed implementations of the communication security services are media-
specific (see 6.2.2 for CEN DSRC and the annexes for other media).
NOTE 1 Authentication of the OBE to the RSE according to EN 15509 is not supported, as the identity of the OBE and
contract are not relevant for the LAC application.
This specification provides for data elements, which may provide data origin authentication, data integrity and
non-repudiation characteristics to the LAC Data. The LAC application is transparent to these authenticators,
which may be stored together with the other LAC data elements as a data packet, which is protected against
forgery and/or protected against repudiation (between e.g. the user and the LAC Operator).
NOTE 2 This specification does not provide for an encryption service. No privacy sensitive data are transferred by LAC.
6.2.2 Authentication of RSE: access credentials
Access credentials shall be used to manage access to the LAC attribute. Access credentials are mandatory.
The “Write data” function shall always carry access credentials.
The CEN DSRC OBE shall support the calculation of access credentials according to security level 1,
...
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