ISO 10295-2:2009
(Main)Fire tests for building elements and components — Fire testing of service installations — Part 2: Linear joint (gap) seals
Fire tests for building elements and components — Fire testing of service installations — Part 2: Linear joint (gap) seals
ISO 10295-2:2009 specifies the heating conditions, methods of test and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a linear joint seal to maintain the fire integrity and thermal insulation of a fire-separating element at the joint being sealed. The purpose of the tests is to assess the integrity and insulation performance of the linear joint seals, including the effects of induced movement in those cases where the joint is designed to accommodate movement and has a width greater than 20 mm. It is not the intention of this part of ISO 10295-2:2009 to provide quantitative information on the rate of leakage of smoke and/or gases, or on the transmission or generation of fumes, although such phenomena can be recorded in describing the general behaviour of specimens during the test. It is not the intention of this part of ISO 10295-2:2009 to evaluate joint seals where special test procedures already exist, e.g. doors, partitions, penetrations, pipes, ducts and cables.
Essais au feu pour les éléments et composants de bâtiment — Essai au feu des installations de service — Partie 2: Joints d'étanchéité pour interstices linéaires
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10295-2
First edition
2009-02-01
Fire tests for building elements and
components — Fire testing of service
installations —
Part 2:
Linear joint (gap) seals
Essais au feu pour les éléments et composants de bâtiment — Essai au
feu des installations de service —
Partie 2: Joints d'étanchéité pour interstices linéaires
Reference number
ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .3
5 Test equipment .3
6 Test conditions .4
7 Specimen preparation.4
8 Instrumentation .9
9 Test procedure.10
10 General performance criteria .11
11 Expression of test results.12
12 Test report.12
Annex A (normative) Movement, deflection and other configurations .15
Annex B (normative) Field of application.17
Annex C (informative) Commentary and guidance .20
Bibliography.24
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10295-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
ISO 10295 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire tests for building elements and
components — Fire testing of service installations:
⎯ Part 1: Penetration seals
⎯ Part 2: Linear joint (gap) seals
A Part 3 dealing with guidance on the use of a test configuration to establish the direct and extended fields of
application for single-component penetration seals is under development.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 10295 describes test methods used to determine the fire resistive nature of joint seals when
subjected to the standard fire-exposure conditions outlined in ISO 834-1. The test data generated by this
International Standard permit the classification of these various joint seals based on their intended use and
fire resistance under the specified acceptance criteria of this part of ISO 10295.
Joint seals are positioned in joints, voids, gaps or other discontinuities between or bounded by two or more
supporting elements. Normally such openings are denoted as “linear” because the length is greater than the
width, defined by a typical ratio of at least 10:1 as in practice. Joints are present in buildings as a result of
a) design to accommodate various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismic events and wind
loads and exist as a clearance separation;
b) acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements, e.g. between
non-load-bearing walls and floors;
c) inadequate design, inaccurate assembly, repairs or damage to the building.
This part of ISO 10295 describes methods of test for evaluating joint seals based on their intended use. This
part of ISO 10295 also allows for the application of movement prior to and/or during fire testing.
This part of ISO 10295 provides the requirements for the test specimen, the test construction, the equipment
(including any special apparatus or instrumentation), the procedures and acceptance criteria as they apply to
joint seals and their supporting elements.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Fire tests for building elements and components — Fire testing
of service installations —
Part 2:
Linear joint (gap) seals
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire-
resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility
that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved during the test. Mechanical and operational
hazards can also arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their testing and
disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10295 specifies the heating conditions, methods of test and criteria for the evaluation of the
ability of a linear joint seal to maintain the fire integrity and thermal insulation of a fire-separating element at
the joint being sealed. The purpose of the tests is to assess the integrity and insulation performance of the
linear joint seals, including the effects of induced movement in those cases where the joint is designed to
accommodate movement and has a width greater than 20 mm.
It is not the intention of this part of ISO 10295 to provide quantitative information on the rate of leakage of
smoke and/or gases, or on the transmission or generation of fumes, although such phenomena can be
recorded in describing the general behaviour of specimens during the test. It is not the intention of this part of
ISO 10295 to evaluate joint seals where special test procedures already exist, e.g. doors, partitions,
penetrations, pipes, ducts and cables.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
3.1
blockout
recess created in the supporting construction to allow the installation of the joint seal
NOTE It is typically not required on all joint seals.
3.2
fire-separating element
floor, wall or other separating element of construction having a period of fire resistance determined in
accordance with ISO 834-1
3.3
joint
linear void having a length to width ratio of at least 10:1 between or within two juxtaposed elements
NOTE Typical locations of joints include floors, the perimeter of floors, walls, ceilings and roofs.
3.4
joint seal
system designed to maintain the fire-separating function and, where required, to accommodate a specified
degree of movement
3.5
maximum joint width
widest opening an installed joint seal is intended to tolerate
NOTE It is stated by the manufacturer or test sponsor.
3.6
minimum joint width
narrowest opening an installed joint seal is intended to tolerate
NOTE It is stated by the manufacturer or test sponsor.
3.7
nominal joint width
specified opening of a joint in practice
NOTE It is selected by the manufacturer or test sponsor.
3.8
splice
connection or junction within the length of a joint seal
3.9
supporting construction
fire-separating elements into which joint seals are installed
3.10
termination
special design details applied at the ends of a joint seal
3.11
test construction
complete assembly of test specimens together with their supporting construction
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
3.12
test specimen
joint seal of specific materials, design and dimensions
3.13
transition
change in a direction in a joint seal, e.g. from horizontal to vertical in a wall construction, or through 90° at the
perimeter of a floor slab
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10295, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 834-1, together
with the following, apply.
Table 1 — Symbol description
Symbol Description
D Supporting element thickness
sup
f Deflection as function of the fire-resistance time
F Movement capability factor
mov
l Minimum furnace width
1
l Thickness of supporting construction
2
l Minimum 305 mm
3
l Minimum 610 mm for horizontal supporting construction and
4
458 mm for vertical supporting construction
l Minimum twice the thickness of supporting construction
5
W Maximum joint width
MAX
W Minimum joint width
MIN
W Nominal joint width
NOM
5 Test equipment
5.1 Test equipment specified in ISO 834-1, which is applicable to all joint seals tested within the scope of
this part of ISO 10295.
5.2 Test furnace, with internal dimensions such that a distance of at least 200 mm exists between the side
or long edge of a linear joint and the furnace boundary, subject to a minimum internal size of 1 m × 1 m × 1 m
for horizontal (floor) furnaces.
For vertical (wall) furnaces, the minimum internal size of the furnace shall be 1 m × 1 m and of sufficient depth
to ensure that the temperature conditions specified in ISO 834-1 can be achieved, that the pressure conditions
described in 6.2 can be achieved and that the test specimen is not subject to direct flame impingement at any
time during the conduct of a test.
5.3 Apparatus used for cycling of the test specimens prior to the fire test, capable of continuous and
repetitive movement between two specified points that cycles the test specimen between the minimum and
maximum joint widths, and be equipped with an automatic counter capable of displaying the number of
completed cycles.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
6 Test conditions
6.1 Heating conditions
The heating conditions shall conform to ISO 834-1.
6.2 Pressure
6.2.1 For vertical test constructions, the furnace shall be operated such that a minimum pressure of 20 Pa
exists at the bottom of any test specimen.
6.2.2 In vertical elements, all splices shall be located within the positive pressure zone so that the pressure
at the bottom of the splice is a minimum of 20 Pa for the lowest splice in the test construction.
6.2.3 For horizontal test constructions, the furnace shall be operated such that a minimum pressure of
20 Pa is established at a position (100 ± 10) mm below the lowest point of the test construction.
6.3 Load
Where applicable, a load shall be applied in accordance with the principles of ISO 834-1.
6.4 Movement
Where the seal is greater than 20 mm wide and is designed to accommodate movement, the joint shall be
cycled prior to the test in accordance with Annex A using the information required in 7.8.4.
7 Specimen preparation
7.1 Supporting construction
The supporting construction shall be of known fire resistance and representative of that used in practice.
7.2 Test construction
7.2.1 For the purposes of tests, joints can be formed in slabs or by adjacent discrete members; see
Figure 1.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Key
1 linear joints
2 monolithic slab, single joint adjacent
3 monolithic slab, multiple joints adjacent
4 discrete members, single joint
5 discrete members, multiple joints
a
Supporting constructions made of monolithic slabs may be used only for testing static joints.
Figure 1 — Supporting construction
7.2.2 A test construction may consist of multiple variations in test-specimen widths, joint configurations,
test-specimen configurations, joint-face positions and supporting elements of varying thickness, see Figures 2
and 3.
Key
1 supporting construction
2 linear joint (single-stage joint)
3 linear joint with blockouts
4 linear offset joint (multi-stage joint)
Figure 2 — Joint configuration
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Key
1 supporting construction
2 test specimen fills joint
3 test specimen at bottom of joint
4 test specimen at top of joint
5 test specimen forms one or more air cavities
6 test specimen centred in joint
Figure 3 — Test-specimen orientation in joint
7.2.3 The minimum width of the supporting elements between joint edges shall be 200 mm or 2T, whichever
is greater.
7.2.4 The minimum distance between a joint edge and an adjacent blockout edge shall be 200 mm or 2T,
whichever is greater.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
Key
1 supporting construction test specimen
2 test specimen
3 interior furnace face
4 joint edge
5 blockout edge
l minimum furnace width
1
l thickness of supporting construction
2
l minimum 305 mm
3
l minimum 610 mm for horizontal supporting construction and 458 mm for vertical supporting construction
4
l minimum twice the thickness of supporting construction
5
Figure 4 — Cross-sectional view of test construction with minimum separation distances
7.3 Joint seal
7.3.1 All materials used in the construction, fabrication and installation of the test specimen shall be
representative of the intended application, design, materials and workmanship of those used in practice.
7.3.2 Where voids exist within a joint seal, the ends shall be sealed to prevent air flow through the test
specimen.
7.4 Splice location
7.4.1 Splices shall be located within the positive-pressure zone so that the pressure conditions are as
specified in 6.2.
7.4.2 The splices shall be located no closer than 200 mm to any interior furnace face nor closer than
200 mm to any other splice in that test specimen.
7.5 Test specimen size
7.5.1 The test specimen length shall be at least 1 m for joint seals less than or equal to 100 mm in width; for
joint seals wider than 100 mm, the 10:1 length-to-width ratio shall be maintained; and joint seals wider than
300 mm shall have a minimum length of 3 m for vertical elements and 4 m for horizontal elements.
7.5.2 Joint seals shall be installed at the nominal joint widths as in practice.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
7.6 Number of test specimens
7.6.1 Normally only one test specimen is tested.
7.6.2 Joint seals intended for use in both vertical and horizontal fire-separating elements shall be tested in
both orientations.
7.6.3 For vertical fire-separating elements, asymmetrical joint seals and or building constructions required
to resist fire from either side shall be subjected to fire exposure from each side unless it can be established
that the fire exposure of a particular face would be more onerous.
7.6.4 For horizontal fire-separating elements, the test specimen shall be exposed to heating from the
underside.
7.7 Conditioning
7.7.1 Conditioning shall be in accordance with ISO 834-1.
7.7.2 At the time of the fire test, the supporting construction shall be in an air-dry condition and in
equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere.
7.7.3 The curing regime of the joint seal required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions shall be
followed and clearly reported.
7.8 Information and test specimen verification
7.8.1 For each test specimen, the following information shall be provided by the test sponsor prior to the
test.
a) All fabrication details including drawings.
b) An adequate description of materials and their manufacture/supplier.
c) An installation procedure.
7.8.2 The laboratory shall verify, as far as possible, the conformity of the test specimen with the information
provided. Any area of discrepancy shall be resolved and any details that are not verified shall be documented
prior to commencement of the test.
7.8.3 On occasions, it might not be possible to verify the conformity of all aspects of the test specimen
construction prior to the test and adequate evidence might not be available after the test. When it is necessary
to rely on information provided by the sponsor then it shall be clearly stated in the test report. The laboratory
shall, nevertheless, ensure that it fully appreciates the design of the test specimen and shall be confident that
it is able to accurately record the constructional details in the test report.
7.8.4 Nominal joint width, W
NOM
Where the joint is designed to accommodate significant movement, the sponsor shall provide values for
a) minimum joint width, W ;
MIN
b) maximum joint width, W .
MAX
The laboratory shall use the above values when cycling of the test specimen is required.
7.9 Tested joint width
Joint seals shall be installed and tested at nominal joint widths, W . Where cycling is required, the test shall
NOM
be carried out at the maximum joint width.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
8 Instrumentation
8.1 Temperature
8.1.1 Furnace thermocouples (Plate thermometers)
Unless otherwise noted herein, shall be distributed in accordance with ISO 834-1. At least one plate
2
thermometer shall be provided for every 1,5 m of the heated test construction area, subject to a minimum of
four plate thermometers for each test construction. These plate thermometers shall be symmetrically
distributed with respect to the heated area of the test construction.
8.1.2 Unexposed-surface thermocouples
8.1.2.1 Specimen thermocouples shall conform to specification and installation requirements of
ISO 834-1, except as described specified in 8.1.2.2 to 8.1.2.4.
8.1.2.2 All unexposed-surface thermocouples provided for thermal measurements shall be in conformity
with ISO 834-1. When necessary, the disc and thermocouple pad may be deformed to follow a non-planar
surface profile of a test specimen. In the event of small sections, it is permissible to reduce the size of the pad
subject to a minimum dimension of 12 mm in either width or length. If the modified unexposed-surface
thermocouple and pad cannot be placed on the contour of the surface, use the roving thermocouple in 8.1.3.
8.1.2.3 No unexposed-surface thermocouples shall be placed inside the 200 mm boundary around the
furnace walls.
8.1.2.4 Unexposed-surface thermocouples shall be located on the test construction as given in 8.1.2.4.1
to 8.1.2.4.5.
8.1.2.4.1 One unexposed-surface thermocouple shall be positioned on every splice. Centre the unexposed-
surface thermocouple on the splice.
8.1.2.4.2 Provide at least two unexposed-surface thermocouples and place a minimum of one
thermocouple per linear metre on the test specimen.
8.1.2.4.3 Two unexposed-surface thermocouples shall be placed at the junction between the supporting
construction and test specimen.
8.1.2.4.4 Place a minimum of one unexposed-surface thermocouple per linear metre on each supporting
element at a maximum distance from the blockout or joint edge of D , equal to the thickness of the
sup
supporting element. See Figure 4.
8.1.2.4.5 If, in the opinion of the laboratory, potential weak spots can be identified, additional unexposed-
surface thermocouples shall be attached to these locations.
8.1.3 Roving thermocouples
8.1.3.1 Roving thermocouples shall conform to specification and installation requirements of ISO 834-1.
8.1.3.2 Where it is impractical to attach unexposed-surface thermocouples as outlined above because of
the nature of the test specimen or to identify any local “hot spots”, careful use shall be made of a roving
thermocouple in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 834-1.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
8.2 Pressure
8.2.1 The pressure sensors shall be in accordance with ISO 834-1.
8.2.2 The pressure sensors shall be positioned, and the pressure monitored and controlled, using the
principles given in ISO 834-1.
8.3 Deformation
8.3.1 Deformations of the test construction shall be measured and recorded.
8.3.2 Instrumentation for the measurement of deflection of the supporting construction shall be located so
as to provide data in terms of the amount and rate of deflection during and, where appropriate, after the fire
test.
8.4 Integrity
8.4.1 The integrity of the test construction shall be measured in accordance with the procedures given in
ISO 834-1.
8.4.2 When difficulties arise in attempting to use the normal cotton pad for the assessment of loss of
integrity in accordance with ISO 834-1, the size of the cotton pad shall be reduced to
30 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm. The cotton pads shall be prepared and conditioned in accordance with ISO 834-1.
The wire supporting frame shall also be adapted to suit the smaller cotton pad size.
8.5 Multiple test specimens
8.5.1 When testing multiple test specimens, only the unexposed-surface thermocouples designated for a
specific test specimen shall be used in assessing the performance of that test specimen.
9 Test procedure
9.1 Selection of procedures
Refer to Annex A for movement procedures.
9.2 Load application
9.2.1 Joint seals designed to withstand a direct load shall be loaded appropriately. This is not intended to
include loads induced by relative movements of the supporting elements.
9.2.1.1 The superimposed load shall be applied to the test specimen at least 15 min before the
commencement of the fire test.
9.2.1.2 The superimposed load shall be applied in such a manner so as to minimize the effects on the
thermal and physical properties of the test specimen.
9.2.1.3 The test sponsor shall specify a service load for each test specimen. The specified service load
shall be documented.
9.2.2 Joint seals intended to be non-load-bearing do not require superimposed loads during fire testing.
9.2.3 All joint seals shall be described as load bearing or non-load-bearing in the test report.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
9.3 General test procedure
9.3.1 The procedures given in ISO 834-1 shall govern the commencement of the fire test.
9.3.2 The procedures given in ISO 834-1 shall govern the measuring and recording of the following:
a) temperatures;
b) furnace pressure;
c) deformation;
d) integrity of the test construction.
The furnace pressure shall be monitored, controlled and recorded so that the conditions specified in 6.2 are
met.
9.3.3 In multiple tests, test specimens that fail, due to loss of integrity, shall be closed so as to continue with
the testing of remaining test specimens.
9.4 Termination of test
The test shall be terminated in accordance with any of the provisions of ISO 834-1.
10 General performance criteria
10.1 Insulation
10.1.1 For each test specimen, all unexposed-surface thermocouples as described in 8.1.2, except those
specified in 8.1.2.4.5, shall be used in the average temperature calculations.
NOTE The initial temperature is defined as the average unexposed-surface temperature of the relevant test
specimen at the commencement of the test.
10.1.2 Transmission of heat through the joint seal during the classification period shall not raise the average
temperature on its unexposed-surface more than 140 K above the initial average temperature.
10.1.3 Transmission of heat through the test construction during the classification period shall not raise any
one of the thermocouple temperatures of the unexposed-surface more than 180 K above its initial temperature.
10.2 Integrity
10.2.1 Failure to maintain integrity shall be determined in accordance with ISO 834-1.
10.2.2 Failure to maintain integrity of each supporting construction within D /2, where D is the thickness
sup sup
of the separating element, of the longitudinal edge of the test specimen constitutes a failure of only that test
specimen. See Figure 4.
10.2.3 Failure to maintain integrity of a supporting construction between two test specimens outside D /2 of
sup
the longitudinal edge of either test specimen shall not be deemed a failure of either test specimen.
10.2.4 Failure to maintain integrity of a test specimen constitutes a failure of only that test specimen.
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ISO 10295-2:2009(E)
11 Expression of test results
The fire resistance of the test specimen shall be given as the time, measured in completed elapsed minutes,
for which the insulation and integrity performance criteria have been satisfied.
12 Test report
12.1 For each joint seal tested, the test report shall include all important information relevant to the test
specimen, supporting elements and fire test as stated in ISO 834-1. The report shall also include the following:
a) sponsor’s intended field of application for the joint seal;
b) joint-seal length or height used in the fire test;
c) desc
...
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